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检索条件"任意字段=第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议"

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A study of scratch-induced transforming growth factor (TGF) in astrocytes

A study of scratch-induced transforming growth factor (TGF) ...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Hsi Cheng Liu Jiang Shan Zhan Kai Gao Xi Huajia Rui Chao Chai Yuan Jin Feng Jiang Jiaohuajiang Albert Cheung Hoi Yu Neuroscience Research Institute Peking University and Department of NeurobiologySchool of Basic Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the National Health and Family Planning Commission Peking University

Under the conditions of cerebral trauma and spinal cord injury, quiescent astrocytes are rapidly activated to release cytokines resulting in an inflammatory response. The balance between anti-inflammatory factors and proinflammatory factors is crucial to the inflammatory process. Recent findings in cellular biology suggest that inflammation may provide a potential explanation for the tumors progress. The transforming growth factor(TGFs) family plays an important part in inflammation and tumor metastasis. In our laboratory, we used an in vitro scratch model to induce inflammation. We compared astrocytes, the benign tumor cell line(DU145) and the malignant tumor cell line(A549, MCF7) in cell migration after scratch. We also detected the TGF-βm RNA level in astrocytes and cancer cells using qR T-PCR. In order to distinguish the endogenous response and exogenous influence after scratch injury, we set two experimental groups, which are the scratching & changing the media(S&C) group and the scratching without changing the media(S) group. We found that the levels of TGF-βm RNA were decreased in S group. We also observed that the levels of TGF-β m RNA level differed between the S&C group and the S group, indicating exogenous influence was important in the transcription of TGF-β. In conclusion, we found that the inflammation involved both endogenous response and exogenous influence after scratch injury.

关键词： inflammation TGF-β astrocyte scratch model

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Physiological peripheral amyloid-beta clearance and its therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease

Physiological peripheral amyloid-beta clearance and its ther...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Yang Xiang Xian-Le Bu Yu-Hui Liu Chi Zhu Lin-Lin Shen Shu-Sheng Jiao Xiao-Yan Zhu Brian Giunta Jun Tan Weihong Song Hua-Dong Zhou Xin-Fu Zhou Yan-Jiang Wang Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience Daping HospitalThird Military Medical University Department of Laboratory Medicine Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University Neuroimmunology Laboratory Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South Florida Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology Silver Child Development CenterDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurosciencesMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South Florida Townsend Family Laboratories Department of PsychiatryThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute University of South Australia

Amyloid-beta(Aβ) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD). The physiological capacity of peripheral tissues and organs in clearing Aβ in the brain and its therapeutic potential for AD remains largely unknown. Here, we measured serum Aβ levels in different locations of the circulation in humans and mice, and used a parabiosis model to investigate the efficacy of peripheral Aβ catabolism on AD pathogenesis. We found that serum Aβ levels in the inferior/posterior vena cava were lower than that in the superior vena cava in both humans and mice. Additionally injected 125 I labelled Aβ40 was located mostly in the liver and kidney but very little in the brain, suggesting that Aβ derived from the brain can be cleared in the periphery. Parabiosis before/after Aβ deposition in the brain significantly reduced brain Aβ burden without alterations in the expression of amyloid precursor protein(APP), Aβ generating and degrading enzymes, Aβ transport receptors and attenuated AD-type pathologies such as tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, neuronal degeneration and loss in the brain of parabiotic AD mice. Our study revealed that the peripheral system is potent in clearing brain Aβ and preventing AD pathogenesis, suggesting that peripheral Aβ clearance is a valid therapeutic approach for AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Amyloid-beta Peripheral clearance Pathogenesis

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Affective circuits involving the prefrontal cortex:an optogenetic study in mice

Affective circuits involving the prefrontal cortex:an optoge...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Chen Yang Jun-ling Zhu Satoshi Ikemoto Guo-dong Gao Department of Neurosurgery Tangdu HospitalFourth Military Medical University Behavioral Neuroscience Branch National Institute on Drug AbuseNational Institutes of Health

The prefrontal cortex, known for executive cognitive functions such as planning and decision making, has also been implicated in affective functions. In particular, Brodmann's area 25 or the subgenual area of the human prefrontal cortex, which roughly corresponds to the dorsal peduncular cortex(DP) in rodent brain, has been an important target for treatment of clinical depression with deep brain stimulation. Although accumulating research supports efficacy of deep brain stimulation for mood disorders, little is known about brain circuits through which such manipulation alters affective state of patients. An optogenetic study was conducted in mice to examine possible circuits involved in affective function of the prefrontal cortex. C57BL/6J mice received adeno-associated viral vectors encoding the opsin channelrhodopsin-2(AAV-Ch R2) into one of prefrontal cortical areas, including the DP, intralimbic, prelimbic, medial orbital, lateral orbital, and premotor areas and adjacent olfactory cortices of the dorsal and ventral tenia tecta, and then optic fibers were implanted in these areas for subsequent photostimulation. To determine possible rewarding effect of the activation of local neurons, these mice were given the opportunity to press on a lever, an action that resulted in cortical stimulation with 8 light pulses(3 ms duration) delivered at the 25-Hz frequency. Each test session lasted 30 min, and sessions were repeated for 5 consecutive days. Mice quickly learned to self-stimulate neurons located in the medial part of the prefrontal cortex including the DP, intralimbic, prelimbic, medial orbital areas. By the 5th session, they responded over 1,000 times in 30 min. On the other hand, areas located in just dorsal, lateral or ventral to these medial areas did not support as vigorous self-stimulation behavior. To determine which brain regions mediate reward signals triggered by DP stimulation, the AAV-Ch R2 was injected into the DP, and optic fibers were implanted at o

关键词： Optogenetics,prefrontal cortex,self-stimulation,affective circuits

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The contribution of interneurons to ripple oscillations

The contribution of interneurons to ripple oscillations

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Jia-Min Xu Li-Qin Gu Zi-Yu Shen Long-Nian Lin Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education) Institute of Brain Functional GenomicsSchool of Life ScienceEast China Normal University

High-frequency ripple oscillations(100-250 Hz) of local field potentials(LFPs), observed most prominently in the hippocampus during slow wave sleep or awake immobility, are associated with memory consolidation. We recorded LFPs as well as activities of ripple oscillation-related interneurons from mouse hippocampal CA1 area using multi-channel in vivo recording technique. These interneurons can be assigned into two categories based on their firing profiles. Type Ⅰ ripple-related interneurons fire one action potential, while typeⅡ ripple-related interneurons fire doublets during every ripple cycle. We recorded a total of 35 type Ⅰ interneurons as well as 13 type Ⅱ interneurons from 27 mice. To further study the contribution of these interneuronal firing to ripple oscillations, we applied Granger Causality analysis. High Granger causality was observed with neuronal firing to LFP within ripple frequency range. Therefore we assume that these interneurons might be involved in the generation of hippocampal CA1 ripple oscillations. Morphological studies have demonstrated multiple interneuron types in hippocampal CA1 area. We combined optogenetics with multi-channel in vivo recording technique, trying to identify these ripple-related interneurons. In vivo recordings were made from optogenetically modified mice with Parvalbumin-positive interneurons expressing excitatory channelrhodopsin Ch R2. No light evoked spikes were observed from 7 putative type Ⅰ ripple-related interneurons, while 2 putative type Ⅱ ripple-related interneurons showed light induced response. These results indicate that type Ⅰ ripple-related interneurons are not PV positive interneurons while type Ⅱ ripple-related interneurons might be. Hippocampal LFP represents the summation of postsynaptic potential of local pyramidal neuron assemblies. Hence we combined multi-channel in vivo recording with patch clamp recording technique to explore the relationship among ripple-related interneuronal firing, membrane p

关键词： hippocampal ripple oscillations,multi-channle in vivo recording,interneuron,optogenetics,patch clamp recording

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Stereo processing in macaque visual area MT probed by graded anti-correlation of binocular stimuli

Stereo processing in macaque visual area MT probed by graded...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Toshihide Yoshioka Takahiro Doi Mohammad Abdolrahmani Ichiro Fujita Grad Sch Front Biosci Osaka Univ Dept Neurosci Univ of Pennsylvania CiNet Osaka Univ and NICT

The visual system represents binocular disparity in correlation-based and match-based manners. In correlation-based representation, disparity is computed by the spatial cross-correlation between the left-eye and right-eye images. In match-based representation, disparity is computed only based on contrast-matched features between the two-eye images. We previously found that area V4, an intermediate stage along the ventral visual pathway, has the match-based representation of disparity at the population level. Here, we examined the disparity representation of the middle temporal(MT) area, a counterpart of V4 in the dorsal visual pathway. We recorded single unit activity of MT neurons from a monkey performing a fixation task. We manipulated random-dot stereograms(RDSs) with a graded anti-correlation technique(Doi et al., 2011) as we did in the previous V4 study. In this stimulus manipulation, the luminance contrast of varying proportion of random dots is reversed(from dark to bright and vice versa) in one eye image to dissociate the neuronal responses of the match-based and correlation-based representations. The RDSs consisted of a circular central patch and a surrounding annulus. Binocular disparity and the level of correlation(i.e., % of binocular correlation) were randomly changed from trial to trial for the center patch. The surrounding annulus always had zero disparity and 100% correlation. We refreshed dot-patterns of RDSs at 42.5Hz. The amplitude of disparity-tuning curve gradually decreased as the level of correlation was increased from 100%(normal RDSs) to 0%(RDSs with half of the dots contrast-reversed). Further correlation inverted the tuning-curve shapes and increased the tuning-curve amplitude. The tuning-curve amplitude at-100% correlation was significantly higher than that at 0% correlation. These changes of the disparity tuning functions at the single unit level agree with the correlation-based representation of disparity. We conclude that the disparity

关键词： binocular stereopsis neural representation binocular disparity tuning MT

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Inhalation of rose essential oil decreased depression-like behavior in Wistar Kyoto rats

Inhalation of rose essential oil decreased depression-like b...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Keng-Hoe Lok Sheng-Tian Li Bio-X Institutes Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Objective Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that results in significant consequences in many countries. Clinicians managing depressed patients face two challenges: First, some antidepressants' therapies are associated with a variety of side effects. Second, longer time is needed for some antidepressants to work effectively. Such consequences cause medication non-adherence and discontinuation. In traditional manuscripts there are many indications about the anxiolytic effects of rose oil, and toxicity rarely occurs with appropriate use of essential oils. So far, however, less scientific research has been done about antidepressant effect of essential oil, even though this is one of the most commonly used aromatherapy. The purpose of present study was to determine the effects on depression like behaviors and underlying mechanisms of inhaled rose essential oil. Methods All experiments were carried out on 6 weeks old male WistarKyoto(WKY) rats. Rats were allowed to inhale rose essential oil's-, or its principal constituent β-Citronellol oil's vapors for 2 weeks(7 hours/day) in a special cage prior to performing the behavioral tests. Control animals were caged in the same conditions but in the absence of the tested oils. Locomotor activity of animals was measured by total distance travelled in open field test(OFT). The antidepressant activities of rose oil and β-Citronellol were assessed using the forced swim test(FST). Proteomic analysis using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation(iT RAQ) and tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus of different groups. Then, some of the depression-related proteins were followed-up simultaneously in qR T-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. Results No significant alterations of locomotor activity in OFT were detected in oil-inhaled WKY rats. While significantly reduced immobile time(I.T) in FST were observed in WKY rats

关键词： Depression rose β-Citronellol

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Human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells protects against behavior defects in a rat model of Parkinson's disease

Human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells protect...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Fabin Han Chao Chen Jing Duan Nan Zhang Shichao Wu Aifang Shen Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Liaocheng People's Hospital The Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital Taishan Medical University

Stem cell-based therapy provides great potential for Parkinson's disease(PD). Human umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells(h UBC-MNCs) contain different stem cells and have multipotent differentiation ability. We have explored therapeutic effects of h UBC-MNCs for Parkinson's disease(PD). The rat PD model was induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) in the substantia nigra of the middle brain. After evaluating the locomotive deficits of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the confirmed PD rats were randomly divided to cell transplantation group and PBS control group, 5X105 cells of h UBC-MNCs were transplanted to the PD rats by injecting cells to the striatum at the same side as the lesion side of the middle brain and the neurological behaviors of the PD rats was measured at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after transplantation. Immunostaining was used to analyze the cell migration and neural differentiation of h UBC-MNCs in vivo. Our results showed that transplanted h UBC-MNCs significantly improved the locomotive deficits of PD rats and h UBC-MNCs were found to survive, integrate into the brain of transplanted rats and differentiate into neurons and dopamine neurons in vivo. Our study suggested that the molecular mechanism of h UBC-MNC transplantation in improving motor deficits of PD rats is mediated by cell replacement of h UBC-MNC differentiated cells, secretion of neurotrophic factors and immune-cytokines through transplanted h UBC-MNCs. In conclusion, h UBC-MNCs have therapeutic effects in experimental rat PD model and suggested that h UBC-MNCs can be used as stem cell source for the treatment of PD in clinical applications.

关键词： Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell Parkinson's disease 6-hydroxydopamine Transplantation dopamine neurons

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Reprogram Astrocytes into Neurons by Small Molecules

Reprogram Astrocytes into Neurons by Small Molecules

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Gang-Yi Wu Lei Zhang Jiu-Chao Yin Hana Yeh Ning-Xin Ma Grace Lee Gong Chen Department of Biology Huck Institutes of Life SciencesPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park College of Life Sciences South China Normal University

Regeneration of functional neurons in neurodegenerative diseases or after brain injury holds great promise for future therapeutic strategies but remain a major challenge in the field. Current efforts are largely focused on cell replacement using exogenous cells derived from embryonic stem(ES) or induced pluripotent stem(iP S) cells. Despite great potential, such approaches still face huge hurdles such as potential immunorejection, tumorigenesis and differentiation uncertainty in vivo. We have recently demonstrated that reactive glial cells in the mouse brain can be directly reprogrammed into functional neurons by a single proneural transcription factor Neuro D1. Here we report that a combination of small molecules can replace Neuro D1 to reprogram human astrocytes in culture into fully functional neurons. After testing many small molecules in a variety of combinations, we found that a sequential exposure to a cocktail of small molecules can successfully reprogram human astroglial cells into neuron-like cells in 8 days. These human astrocyte-converted neurons can survive for more than 3 months in culture and form functional synaptic network, demonstrated by robust synchronous burst activities among the converted neurons. Extensive time-lapse imaging experiments showed that majority of the converted neurons were directly converted from astrocytes, in line with immune-staining results showing that there are no detectable neural progenitors or pluripotent cells in our human astrocytes. Moreover, after injected into the lateral ventricle of the mouse brain, the small molecule-reprogrammed human neurons can survive for at least one month and migrate out to integrate into local neural circuits. Our studies open a new avenue using small molecules to reprogram reactive glial cells into functional neurons for brain repair.

关键词： Human Primary Astrocyte Chemical Conversion Brain Repair Brain Injury Neurodegenerative Disease

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Research on the neuroprotective effects of CI-1206 in an APP/PS1 mouse model

Research on the neuroprotective effects of CI-1206 in an APP...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Ju Yang Li Yuan Hui Shi Yu-Fei Han Xue-Song Qu Tian Li Juan-Juan Jiao Xue-Fan Dong Jin-Shun Qi Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical University

Objective Alzheimer disease(AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been identified as a risk factor for AD. Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1), a natural gut hormone, not only modulated insulin signaling but also protected neuronal cells. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP), an incretin hormone, normalizes insulin signaling and also acts as a neuroprotective growth factor. CI-1206, a single molecule that acts equally on the receptors for the GLP-1 and GIP, was recently demonstrated to be more effective in enhancing antihyperglycemic and insulinotropic efficacy relative to selective GLP-1 or GIP receptor mono-agonist in rodent models of obesity and diabetes. But it is not well known whether CI-1206 have some neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 mouse model. Methods In this study we used morris water maze and electrophysiological recording techniques to analyze the neuroprotective effects of CI-1206 in an APP/PS1 mouse model. Results The behavioral study with Morris water maze showed a significant decline in spatial learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, with an increased average escape latency in the hidden platform test and a decreased swimming time percent in the target quadrant in probe test, compared with the control group. But these performances were effectively reversed by CI-1206 treatment. In addition, CI-1206 prevented against suppression of hippocampal long term potentiation(LTP) induced by HFS. Conclusion The results demonstrate that CI-1206 protect the cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mouse model, suggesting that the GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist might have the potential as a novel therapeutic agent for AD.

关键词： CI-1206 APP/PS1 mouse Morris water maze long term potentiation Alzheimer's disease

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Ethnic differences in OPRK1 promoter methylation in Xinjiang Uygur and Han populations,China

Ethnic differences in OPRK1 promoter methylation in Xinjiang...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Guili Liu Huihui Ji Qinwen Wang Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology School of MedicineNingbo University

Background: Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) is an intermediate period between normal ageing and Alzheimer disease. DNA methylation plays an important role in cognitive defects. Existing studies have showed aberrant methylation pattern of opioid receptor, kappa 1(OPRK1) related to multi-mental diseases. This study was designed to explore association between OPRK1 promoter methylation and MCI in the Xinjiang Uygur and Han population. Methods: 48 gender-matched MCI and normal control respectively from Uygur and Han was recruited. Methylation of 8 Cp G sites in the promoter region of the OPRK1 gene was detected using bisulfite pyrosequencing technology. All statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS version 16.0. Results: Significant correlations were detected among eight sites(r > 0.42, p < 0.05), thus, mean methylation levels were used to evaluate the association with MCI. Statically association was observed between OPRK1 methylation and MCI patients in Han female population(p = 6.39E-03). Besides, in Han control group, gender disparity in OPRK1 methylation was detected(p = 4.23E-03). In breakdown analysis by gender, Han male patients showed higher methylation than that in Uygur males with MCI(p = 0.04). Age and blood LDL concentration in Uygur positively correlated to OPRK1 methylation in male controls and female patients, respectively(Age: r = 0.72, p = 2.715E-05;LDL: r = 0.42, p =0.04). Conclusion: The present study indicated racial disparity of methylation of OPRK1 promoter in male patients with MCI and gender was pivotal to MCI. Meanwhile, our results provided information for the relationship between OPRK1 methylation levels and MCI in Xinjiang Uygur and Han ethnic groups.

关键词： mild cognitive impairment methylation OPRK1 Han Uygur

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