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检索条件"任意字段=第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议"

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Patterns of neuronal activity in the absence of external input

Patterns of neuronal activity in the absence of external inp...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Gordon ARBUTHNOTT Marianela GARCIA-MUNOZ Luis CARRILLO-REID Omar JAIDAR Jose BARGAS Violeta LOPEZ-HUERTA Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology Graduate University Columbia University Department of Biological Sciences

Like many not-so-young electrophysiologists, some of us have spent most of our careers recording from one cell at a time in various regions of brain. Recently, with multielectrode arrays and calcium sensitive dyes, it has become possible to study the activity of many cells at once. Such data however, has raised a problem in interpretation. How do we understand the function of the patterned activity of neighboring cells within the nucleus? This symposium is a small attempt to bring together people who have struggled with this problem and to share some of the solutions we have found. We will present our method of analysis of calcium transients observed in groups of 100 or more neurons at a time, with single cell visibility, and a time resolution of about 100 ms. Our method consists first of a conventional raster plot of cell activity along time. Subsequently, we obtain an orthogonal sample that relates active cells together. Specifically, at each time point we assign a "1" to active and a "0" to silent cells. Such sample of neuronal activity over the network can then be converted to a vector, and the set of vectors across time compared for similarity. Significant similarities are then normalized. We use the "Term Frequency- Inverse Document Frequency"(TF-IDF) an algorithm that determines the relative frequency of words in a specific document compared to the inverse proportion of those words over the entire document. Words that are common have higher TF-IDF numbers. In our analogy ‘words' are single neurons and ‘documents' are synchronized population events selected from the vector similarities. This maneuver allows the detection of groups of neurons with the properties of cell assemblies originally proposed by Hebb to underlie neural coding of memories(Hebb DO The Organization of Behavior. Wiley, N.Y.,1949.). Because we have applied the data analysis to calcium signals obtained from brain slices or cultures of dissociated neurons, the method detects such assemblies in

关键词： Cell assemblies,calcium imaging,neuronal firing patterns

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The molecular mechanisms of cathepsin C exacerbating the cuprizone-induced demyelination

The molecular mechanisms of cathepsin C exacerbating the cup...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Changyi Hou Department of Anatomy Dalian Medical University

Objective Cathepsin C(dipeptidyl peptidase I,DPPI) is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase, which belongs to papain superfamily. Cathepsin C can promote production of chemokines and cytokines by activating serine in lymphocytes and other immunocytes. It plays an important role in cellular immune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Up to date, it is known that cathepsin C knockout can decrease the accumulation of neutrophils and the production of cytokines in peripheral tissues,but the function of cathepsin C in central nervous system(CNS) remains unclear. Demyelinating disease is a CNS neuroinflammatory disease. Our previous study showed that cathepsin C promoted brain demyelination in cuprizone-treated mice. The present study further investigated the molecular mechanisms of cathepsin C involved in cuprizone-induced demyelination. Methods Cathepsin C over-expression(Cat C OE) mice, cathepsin C knockdown(Cat C KD) mice and wild-type mice were fed with 0.2 % cuprizone for 5 weeks to establish CNS demyelinating model. C57BL/6J mice were used as blank control. Immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot were used to detect the activation of microglia, the number of oligodendrocyte(CC1 positive) and the expression of myelin basic protein(MBP), chemokines and cytokines. Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of chemokines and cytokines m RNAs in CNS. The data were evaluated for statistical significance with one-way ANOVA. P <0.05 was considered significant differences. Results The results showed more severe demyelination in corpus callosum and cerebral cortex, the expression of MBP and the number of CC1 positive cells were decreased significantly. Also, accumulation of activated microglia was seen and the expression of CXCL2, IL-1βand TNF-αwas significantly higher in Cat C OE mice than that in wild type mice. In Cat C KD mice, demyelination and microglial activation in corpus callosum and cortex were less obvious, the expression of MBP and CC1 was increased while

关键词： cathepsin C demyelination neuroinflammation microglia oligodendrocyte

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Balance of BDNF and pro BDNF is important in depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal spine plasticity induced by an animal model of depression

Balance of BDNF and pro BDNF is important in depressive-like...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Hui Qiao Shu-Cheng An Xu Chang Xin-Ming Ma College of Life Science Shaanxi Normal University

Major depressive disorder(MDD) is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, but the precise mechanisms underlying it are currently unknown. Increasing evidence demonstrates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) plays an important role in the structural plasticity induced by depression, but the fundamental mechanism is not clear. Considering the opposite effects of BDNF and its precursor pro BDNF on neural plasticity, the balance of BDNF and proB DNF may play an important role in depression-mediated neural plasticity. Our aim was to test our hypotheses that the ratio of BDNF/pro BDNF is very important in chronic unpredicted mild stress(CUMS)-induced depressive-like behaviors, and BDNF/pro BDNF regulate the dendritic spine plasticity in the hippocampus via kalirin-7. Our results showed that CUMS caused depressive-like behaviors and a decrease in the ratio of BDNF/pro BDNF by decreasing BDNF expression without altering proB DNF in the hippocampus, which was accompanied by decreased levels ofkalirin-7,PSD95 and NMDA receptor subtype 2B(NR2B) in the hippocampus as well as decreased spine density in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Injection of exogenous BDNF into the CA1 area of CUMS animals reversed CUMS-mediated depressive-like behaviors and spine loss in CA1 pyramidal neurons as well as decrease in the levels of kalirin-7, NR2 B and PSD95. In contrast, injection of exogenous pro BDNF into the CA1 area of na?ve control rats, mimicking the CUMS, caused depressive-like behavior, resulted in a reduction in CA1 spine density and decrease in the levels of kalirin-7, NR2 B as well as PSD95 in the hippocampus. Taken together, our result demonstrated that the ratio of BDNF and proB DNF plays a key role in CUMS-induced structure plasticity and depressive-like behaviors;kalirin-7 may mediate the effect of BDNF and pro BDNF on dendritic spine as a downstream signal of BDNF/proB DNF.

关键词： stress depression neural plasticity proBDNF kalirin-7

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Dorsal root ganglion and spinal dopamine D2 receptor-Cx43 signaling pathways regulating mirror image pain

Dorsal root ganglion and spinal dopamine D2 receptor-Cx43 si...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Xia Liu Lei Xi Hong-Ni Zhu Xiao-Xia Zhao Yan-Yan Wu Xiang-Xiang Chen Yu-Tian Song Qiu-Hang Ran Qing-Hu Yang Zhi-Hong Sun Zhan-Tao Bai College of Life Sciences Yanan University Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Red Dates

Dopamine, a kind of catecholamine neurotransmitter, is indispensable to pain responses. Multiple evidences demonstrated that dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2), gap junction and glia may participate in regulation of pain in different molecular and cellular pathways. However, whether promising interaction between these pain targets existed or not, remains need to be elucidated. Here we showed that DRD2 blocker and gap junction inhibitor synergistically inhibited rat spontaneous pain behaviors, bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity and unilateral thermal hypersensitivity. Live cell imaging demonstrated that the gap junctional hemi-channels of cultured astrocytes could be opened by Dopamine, and Dopamine-induced opening were reduced by DRD2 blocker. Furthermore, suppression of DRD2 significantly decreased the bilateral co-expression of Cx43 and GFAP protein in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. These results support the points that glia DRD2-Cx43 intracellular signaling pathways may directly mediate pain spreading from the injured side to contralateral side by asymmetric temporal differences, thus providing a novel understand to pain control and therapy by combined interference of membrane receptor-ion channels.

关键词： Dopamine D2 receptor Connexins Mirror image pain

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Functional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogels designed for nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury

Functional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogels desig...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Yuqiao Sun Wen Li Xiaoli Wu Xinyu Fang Seeram Ramakrishna Liumin He Wutian Wu Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyJinan University Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR) Jinan University Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology Department of Mechanical EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringNational University of Singapore

In order to achieve a synergistic promotion effect on nerve cell response and nerve regeneration, we describe a new approach to concurrently localize these two peptide epitopes in one 3D scaffold in the current study. In our strategy, two functionalized self-assembling peptides, RADA16-RGD(Ac-(RADA)4-DGDRGDS) and RADA16-IKVAV(Ac-(RADA)4-ARIKVAV), were obtained by directly conjugating bioactive short peptide motifs to RADA16-I peptide, each bearing a different biological signal. These two functionalized peptides were oppositely charged in aqueous solution at physiological p H, and a 3D nanofibrous hydrogel were formed when combing them together. Therefore, bioactive molecules and cells could be fully in situ embedded in the scaffold to produce 3D cultures as our designed peptides had a constant neutral p H during self assembly process. It could also be directly delivered to living tissues through a simple injection without damage to host tissue due to acid corrosion. Moreover, the two bioactive epitopes were combined into nanofibers by electrostatic attraction, showing obvious advantageous over those involved only a single molecule. In this study, the survival and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells/stem cells within the 3D functionalized SAPS nanofiber haydrogel as well as nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury were investigated to evaluate its application in promoting recovery after nerve injury.

关键词： self-assembling peptides nanomaterials spinal cord injury

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Activation mechanism of neurotransmitter GPCR dimers

Activation mechanism of neurotransmitter GPCR dimers

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Jian-Feng Liu Cellular Signaling Laboratory Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and Technology

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs) are major players in cell communication. Growing evidence has indicated that some GPCRs can function as not only homodimers but also heterodimers, but the mechanism of how ligand binding leads to the activation of effector domain within these GPCR dimers remains elusive. The well-characterized dimers, metabotropic glutamate receptors(mG lu Rs) and theγ-aminohutyric acid receptor(GABAB receptor) play key role in the modulation of many synapses. For these two receptors, each subunit is composed of a large extracellular domain where glutamate bind and a 7 transmembrane domains(7TM) where allosteric modulators bind also responsible for G-protein activation. Crystal structures and functional studies have revealed how ligand induces a conformational change of the dimeric extracellular domains, but how these changes affect the 7TMs interface and the structural bases of these phenomena remains elusive. Here, we show that structural changes at the m Glu R homo-dimer interface are linked to receptor activation. We demonstrate that the main dimer interface is formed by TM4-TM5 in the inactive state and by TM6 in the active state. This major change in the dimer interface is required for receptor activity because locking the TM4-TM5 interface prevents activation by agonist, while locking the TM6 interface leads to a constitutively active receptor. Using the same strategy, we also study the typical heterodimer, GABAB receptor. We found a similar dimer interface consistanted by TM4, 5 and TM6, which means the interface may be general for all GPCR. More interestingly, we have demonstrated that m Glu R heterodimers are functional through a ? winner take all ? mechanism. We further show how GABAB receptor activates downstream signaling in either Gi/o dependent or independent manner. These data provide new insight on GPCR activation mechanism.

关键词： CPCR dimers mGluR GABAB receptor Signal transduction

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A temporally predictive behavior in memory-guided saccade task

A temporally predictive behavior in memory-guided saccade ta...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Zhihui Han Kuntan Ni Mingsha Zhang National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning School of Brain and Cognitive SciencesBeijing Normal University Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory for NeuroscienceShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

To boost the chance of survival in competition, adaptive animals have evolved with not only reactive responses to the external events, but also predictive responses that are initiated even before the occurrence of the external events. Prediction is the foresight of the future, based on the current context and the past experience, e.g., you can predict whether tomorrow is sunshine or not. Prediction is always associated with other aspects of events, such as time, space and feature. Among them, temporal prediction, namely a foresight of when an event will occur, is the fundamental one. For instance, the experienced sprinters can initiate running right about the time of gunshot rather than waiting until after hearing the gunshot. However, up to date, only few studies have explored how temporal prediction affects behavior. Here, we report that the saccadic latency of macaque monkeys showed bimodal distribution after well trained in memory-guided saccade task. The bimodality of saccadic latency has been found primarily in gap saccade task, in which there is a brief gap（00 ms） between the fixation offset and saccadic target onset. The bimodal distribution of saccadic latency in memory-guided saccade task has not been reported previously. The earlier distribution of saccades was with less than 150 ms latency. When the delay interval was lengthened, the earlier distribution of saccades shifted with the change of delay interval. When multiple delay intervals were randomly interleaved together, the proportion of the earlier distribution decreased dramatically in condition of the shortest delay interval. These results suggest that the saccades within the earlier distribution is evoked by temporal prediction rather than external visual cue. Thus, our findings indicate that memory-guided saccade task could be a useful paradigm for exploring the neural mechanisms of temporal prediction.

关键词： temporal prediction bimodal distribution memory-guided saccade task

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Non-invasive brain stimulation improving motor function in cerebral palsy

Non-invasive brain stimulation improving motor function in c...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Yi-Jun Liu Institute of Brain Health Southwest University Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Department of Psychiatry & Mc Knight Brain Institute University of Florida

Cerebral Palsy(CP) is one of the most common disabilities. It may be present at birth or early childhood and its incidence rate keeps rising in recent years. CP is caused by abnormal development or brain lesion with disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, and behavior problems. CP results in different clinical movement patterns: for example, those with tight muscles have spastic CP, those with poor muscle coordination have ataxic CP, and those with difficult movements have athetoid CP. Currently there is no cure and clear etiology and pathology for CP, placing a huge burden on families and our society, and much difficulty in conducting clinical research as well. In this presentation, a rehabilitation program using non-invasive brain stimulation and corresponding validating measures are *** non-invasive brain stimulation techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) and direct transcranial current stimulation(t DSC). Both TMS and t DCS refer to technologies using magnetic and electrical fields which can be safely and painlessly applied to the brain. The first line of evidence showing potential benefit of TMS to correct the postnatal imbalance in cortical activity and thus reduce functional disability in children with CP will be presented. Although there has been very little research on brain stimulation treatments in CP children, studies investigating other disorder such as stroke suggested that TMS might improve motor function. Thus, we aim to using functional neuroimaging to explore if TMS alone, or combined with t DCS, can improve motor function in children with hemiplegic CP caused by perinatal stroke. Although previous f MRI studies have found changes in brain activities in the CP children' motor cortex during abnormal movement, the underlying neural circuits are not yet defined. Using f MRI(and/or f NIRS), the brain networks of motor function and central stimulation targets used in TMS will be further investigated in order to prov

关键词： non-invasive brain stimulation motor function cerebral palsy

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Spontaneous recovery of conditioned eyeblink responses during extinction is associated with cerebellar theta activity in guineas pigs

Spontaneous recovery of conditioned eyeblink responses durin...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Hao Chen Bo Hu Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical SciencesThird Military Medical University

Objective Eyeblink conditioning is one of the most commonly-used model systems for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying associative motor learning. It is well established that the acquisition and retention of conditioned eyeblink responses(CR) involves neural plasticity in the cerebellum. Nevertheless, how do the learned CRs extinguish remains relatively unclear? It has been suggested that the extinguished CRs can recur spontaneously, indicating that associative motor memory is not merely erased by the extinction training. Up-to-date, questions remain concerning about the characteristics and mechanisms underlying this process. Methods 20 guinea pigs received paired presentation of 2-k Hz pure tone conditioned stimulus(CS) with 3.0-psi corneal oxygen-puff unconditioned stimulus(US) so as to acquire the delay and trace CRs, respectively. Thereafter, the animals received consecutive CS-alone presentations. During this CS-alone extinction training, local field potential(LFP) signals in the cerebellar cortex were recorded. Results(1) Both the delay and the trace group of animals acquired the asymptotic level of CRs during 10 training days.(2) The learned delay and trace CRs gradually extinguished across 7-days CS-alone presentation training.(3) However, significant spontaneous recovery of the extinguished CRs was observed in the delay, but not the trace group of animals.(4) The CS-evoked theta oscillations in the cerebellar cortex increased with extinction training in each single session, and were correlated with spontaneous recovery of the delay CRs. The lower cerebellar theta power was predictive of stronger CR recovery.(5) Correlation between the CR recovery and the cerebellar theta activity was not noted in the trace group of animals. Conclusion Spontaneous recovery of the two paradigm CRs with different neurosubstrates are distinct. Additionally, neuronal activities associated with theta oscillations in the cerebellum are critical for the spontaneous recov

关键词： Classical conditioning motor memory local field potential oscillation

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Brain magnetic stimulation(DMS) attenuates Alzheimer's disease(AD)-like pathology and improves cognitive performance in a transgenic mouse model of AD

Brain magnetic stimulation(DMS) attenuates Alzheimer's disea...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Junli Zhen Yanjing Qian Lin Dong Haiting An Ruijun Su Yan Zheng Xiaomin Wang Department of Physiology Department of NeurobiologyKey Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of EducationCapital Medical University Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders

Objective Alzheimer's disease(AD) is characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive function among the elderly. Increasing evidence indicates that the excessive production and accumulation of amyloid β(Aβ) plaque is central to the pathogenesis of AD. Meanwhile, the impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which is considered an important role in deficiency of learning and memory, is involved in AD pathogenesis. However, there is still no effective treatment for inhibiting process of AD. Some evidences showed that deep brain magnetic stimulation(DMS), a noninvasive and nonpharmacologic approach of brain stimulation, obviously promoted hippocampal neurogensis and alleviated stress-related cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders. These findings led to the idea that DMS could protect brain against AD by promoting or maintaining hippocampal neurogenesis. Therefore, the present study is performed to explore the effect of DMS on a five transgenic mouse model of AD(5XFAD). Methods The 5XFAD mice at the age of 4-month-old and their wild-type littermates were treated with or without DMS daily 40 minutes for 8 weeks. Cognitive behavioral tests were used to evaluate the learning and memory function, and immunostaining method was performed to observe the Aβ deposits and neurogenesis in the 5XFAD mouse brain. In addition, Aβ level in the brain was measured by ELISA. Results(1) DMS effectively enhanced spatial learning and memory performance, improved the short-term memory and recognition memory in 5XFAD mice, yet DMS has no effect on the locomotor activity among the groups in the open field test.(2) Aβ deposition and production were also significantly mitigated in the cortex and hippocampus of 5XFAD mice by DMS treatment. In accordance with the result, ELISA analysis also revealed attenuated Aβ, both in Aβ40 and in Aβ42 levels in the brain of 5XFAD mice treated with DMS compared to the control 5XFAD mice.(3) DMS treatment also promoted the adult hippocampal

关键词： Alzheimer's disease 5XFAD mice Amyloid β cognitive impairment

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