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CD34 stained microvascular density of pituitary adenoma for evaluation of its invasiveness:a systematic meta-analysis

CD34 stained microvascular density of pituitary adenoma for ...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Xiangyi Kong Jian Guan Yi Yang Yongning Li Wenbin Ma Jun Gao Renzhi Wang Department of Neurosurgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Background CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein, first identified on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. CD34 is well known as an endothelial marker, and it gives positive staining in physiologic and pathologic vessels. CD34 is also considered an optimum marker for microvascular density studies because of its good immunoreactivity. Its roles in the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of neoplasms have recently been discussed more and more. However, the implications and utilities of CD34 in predicting the invasiveness and prognosis of pituitary adenomas(PAs) were rarely reported and are still unclear and controversial. Thus, it is essential to carry out a meta-analysis to draw a convincing conclusion. Methods A literature search was carried out using Pub Med, Google Scholar, Medline, Cnki, and Wanfang databases up to April 2015. Comprehensive inclusionand exclusion criteria were made. Two reviewers independently selected eligible studies. Data was collected using a purpose-designed form including PA's invasive features, etc. Quality assessment was conducted for eligible studies by reading and scoring each publication according to the quality scale for biologically prognostic factors established by the European Lung Cancer Working Party(ELCWP). Differences were expressed as standard mean differences(SMDs) with 95% CIs. Galbr figure, Cochran's Q-test and I2 test were all performed to judge the heterogeneity between included studies. To examine the stability of the pooled results, a sensitivity analysis was performed by the one-at-a-time method. Potential publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of Contour-enhanced funnel plot. Results In this meta-analysis, 10 eligible studies involved 525 patients. The mean global quality score of the studies was 80.20%. All studies are of continuous data. Galbr figure revealed high heterogeneity(Q=210.53, d.f.=9, I2=95.7%). Using a random effect model, pooled SMD revealed a significant association between CD34 e

关键词： CD34 microvascular density pituitary adenoma invasiveness meta-analysis

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Anti-inflammatory effects of BHBA in both in vivo and in vitro Parkinson's disease models are mediated by GPR109A-dependent mechanisms

Anti-inflammatory effects of BHBA in both in vivo and in vit...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Shou-peng Fu Bing-xu Huang Ya-long Zeng Su-nan Li Qing-kang Lv Shi-yao Xu Dong-xue Yang Wei Wang Ju-xiong Liu College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University

Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease(PD). Excessively activated microglia produce several pro-inflammatory enzymes(iN OS and COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), leading to damage to surrounding neurons and eventually inducing neurodegeneration. Therefore, inhibition of microglial overactivation may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent further progression of PD. As an important intermediate of amino acid and fatty acid catabolism, β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA) is similar to glucose in that it can be used by the brain to provide energy, particularly for suckling newborns. In addition, BHBA has been shown to protect dopaminergic neurons in previous studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Accumulating data have demonstrated a strong anti-inflammatory activity of BHBA in macrophages and monocytes. So, we hypothesized that BHBA has the potential to act directly on microglia to inhibit proinflammatory proteins that may contribute to its neuroprotective effects in vivo. Thus, in this study, we further investigated this mechanism in LPS-induced in vivo and in vitro PD models. The results showed that BHBA significantly reduced LPS-induced protein and m RNA expression levels of i NOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Blocking of GPR109 A by PTX or si RNA resulted in a loss of this anti-inflammatory effect in BV-2 cells and primary microglial cells. Western blot analysis showed that BHBA reduced LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α and translocation of NF-κB, while no effect was observed on MAPKs phosphorylation in BV-2 cells;reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB in primary microglial cells, and this effect was blocked by GPR109A-si RNA. All results imply that BHBA significantly reduces LPS-induced inflammation by inhibition of the GPR109A/NF-κBsignaling pathway. In this study, we investigated whether BHBA is neuroprotective to inflammation-media

关键词： BHBA GPR109A neuroinflammation Parkinson's disease

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Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in neurons of trigeminal ganglion contributes to pain induced by acute pulpitis in rats

Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in neurons of trigeminal gang...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Jia-Ji Lin Wen-Ke Cai Yi Du Rong Kuang Ting Chang Zhuo Zhang Yong-Xiang Yang Chao Sun Zhu-Yi Li Fang Kuang Department of Neurobiology Institute of Neurosciences of PLAThe Fourth Military Medical University Department of Neurology Tangdu HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical University Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region Department of Endodontics Stomatological Hospital of Jinan City State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology Department of Operative Dentistry and EndodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University

Pain caused by acute pulpitis(AP) is a common symptom in clinical settings. However, its underlying mechanisms have largely remained unknown. Using AP model, we demonstrated that dental injury caused severe pulp inflammation with up-regulated serum IL-1β. Assessment from head-withdrawal reflex thresholds(HWTs) and open-field test demonstrated pain sensation at 1 day. A consistent up-regulation of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) in the trigeminal ganglion(TG) ipsilateral to the injured pulp was found, and downstream signaling components of TLR4, including MyD 88, TRIF and NF-?B, and cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β were also increased. Retrograde labeling indicated that most TLR4 positve neuron in the TG innnervated the pulp and TLR4 immunoreactivity was mainly in the medium and small neurons. Double labeling showed that the TLR4 expressing neurons in the ipsilateral TG were TRPV1 and CGRP positive, but IB4 negative. Furthermore, blocking TLR4 by eritoran(TLR4 antagonist) in TGs of the AP model significantly down-regulated MyD 88, TRIF, NF-?B, TNF-α and IL-1β production besides improving pain behavior. Our findings suggest that TLR4 signaling in TG cells, particularly the peptidergic TRPV1 neurons, plays a key role in AP-induced pain, and indicate that TLR4 signal could be a potiential therapeutic target for orofacial pain.

关键词： Toll-like receptor 4,acute pulpitis orofacial pain pain sensation trigeminal ganglion tumor necrosis factor-α interleukin 1β

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Regulatory mechanism of glutamate transporters expression by ubiquitin ligase E3 Nedd4-2 in Parkinson's disease model

Regulatory mechanism of glutamate transporters expression by...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Shaogang Qu Yunlong Zhang Xiaojuan Wu Xiaoliang He Xiuping Zhang Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical University Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical University

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of abnormal glutamate transporter expression and function in Parkinson's disease(PD) and find new targets for treating PD. Methods We created the PD mice models by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. To assess the created PD models by animal behavioral tests and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. In the three days after MPTP injection, one day and three days after the created PD mice models, we examined the protein and m RNA expressions of GLT-1, GLAST and Nedd4-2 and we also examined the synaptic glutamate uptake activity. We examined the expression of GLT-1, GLAST and Nedd4-2 after MPP+ treating astrocytes for 24 or 48 h. Then we examined the interaction between Nedd4-2 and EAATs and ubiquitination of EAATs in MPP+-treated astrocytes and in PD mice by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we synthesized the small interfering RNA(si RNA) sequences against Nedd4-2 and we examined the expression of GLT-1 in total and membrane protein level and glutamate uptake after the transfection of si Nedd4-2 in MPP+-treated astrocytes. Results Behavioral tests and immunohistochemical results confirm the created PD model. We found the decreased expression of GLT-1 protein expression in midbrain and striatum, decreased expression of GLAST in striatum, and furthermore, the reduced expression of GLT-1 and GLAST m RNA expression in striatum and cerebral cortex. The GLT-1 m RNA expression was decreased in striatum in the three days after MPTP injection and one day after the created PD mice models. The synaptic glutamate uptake activity was decreased in the midbrain and striatum in one day after the created PD mice models. Besides, the synaptic glutamate uptake activity was decreased in the midbrain, striatum and cerebral cortex in three days after the created PD mice models. GLT-1 expression was decreased after MPP+ treated astrocytes for 48 h and the glutamate uptake was reduced after MPP+ treated astrocytes for

关键词： Parkinson's disease ubiquitination Nedd4-2 glutamate transporter

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Interaction between beta subunits and extracellular mat rix modulating sodium channels-involved mirror image pain

Interaction between beta subunits and extracellular mat rix ...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Xia Liu Xiao-Xia Zhao Hong-Ni Zhu Yan-Yan Wu Xiang-Xiang Chen Lei Xi Cheng-Hui Cao Sui-Bin Ma Ke-Ke Ren Xu Wang Qing-Hu Yang Zhi-Hong Sun Zhan-Tao Bai College of Life Sciences Yanan University Shaanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Red Dates

Voltage-gated sodium(Nav) channels play key roles in induction, transmission, transduction of pathological pain. Nav channels are composed of a pore-forming α subunit and associated β subunits. Each of β subunit(β1-β4) is a single membrane-spanning glycoprotein with one Ig-like motif in their extracellular domains, which may bind to Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans(CSPGs). Thus, β subunits appear to function as cell adhesion molecules, and CSPGs may be the important regulator of localization and function of α subunit. Based on our well-established mirror image pain model induced by sodium channel specific scorpion peptidergic activator, here, we found that after pretreated with Chondroitinase, rat spontaneous pain behaviors, bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity and unilateral thermal hypersensitivity, were reduced significantly. The quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and other techniques showed that Tenascins(major components of CSPGs in nervous system) and β subunits co-localized together in neurons, and increased synergistically underlying mirror image pain;and vice versa, decreased when pretreated with Chondroitinase. The results indicated that the interaction of CSPGs and β subunits would be an endogenous modulation of sodium channel-involved in mirror image pain, and thus provide some novel strategies for pain therapy and especially advantageous for analgesic development.

关键词： Voltage-gated sodium channels Beta subunits Mirror image pain Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans

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Somatostatin 2a receptors are not expressed on functionally identified respiratory neurons in the ventral respiratory column

Somatostatin 2a receptors are not expressed on functionally ...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Sheng Le Anita Turner Lindsay Parker Peter Burke Natasha Kumar Ann Goodchild Simon McMullan Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Macquarie University Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia

Exogenous somatostatin(SST) has profound inhibitory effects on the ventrolateral medullary(VLM) networks responsible for respiratory rhythm generation. Somatostatin 2a receptors(sst2a) are expressed in the pre-B?tzinger Complex, and have therefore been proposed as a feasible neurochemical marker of respiratory neurons. However, no data regarding to overall pattern of sst2 a expression in the VLM are available. Here we comprehensively describe the distribution of sst2 a with respect to classical markers of respiratory(glycine transporter 2 m RNA, neurokinin 1 receptor(NK1R)) or cardiovascular(Phox2b, tyrosine hydroxylase: TH) function in respiratory subnuclei of the ventrolateral medulla and on functionally identified respiratory neurons. Extracellular recordings were made from respiratory-locked neurons in the B?tzinger Complex, pre-B?tzinger Complex, and rostral ventral respiratory group in urethane-anaesthetised, vagotomised and artificially ventilated rats. After functional classification neurons were juxtacellularly labelled with fluorescent dextran or neurobiotin;recovered neurons were processed for sst2 a immunoreactivity. Overall, sst2 a immunoreactive neurons were found in a column that started at the ventral aspect of the facial nucleus and extended caudally for several millimetres. sst2 a expression strongly co-localized with TH and Phox2 b in the rostral VLM C1 region. However, sst2 a immunoreactivity was virtually absent in the Btzinger Complex, with no co-localisation of sst2 a on glycingergic neurons. In the pre-Btzinger Complex we saw NK1 R colocalisation in 54 ± 5% of sst2a-positive neurons(n = 4 rats), but many NK1 R positive neurons were also sst2a-negative. 52 functionally identified respiratory interneurons were recovered, including 11 pre-inspiratory pre-Btzinger Complex neurons. Regardless of discharge pattern, none were sst2a-immunoreactive. Our evidence suggests that sst2 a is not strongly associated with classical markers of respiratory f

关键词： Somatostatin 2a receptors are not expressed on functionally identified respiratory neurons in the ventral respiratory column

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The knockdown of Regnase-1 in microglia exacerbates inflammation and neuronal injury mediated by HMGB1

The knockdown of Regnase-1 in microglia exacerbates inflamma...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Xiao-XI Liu Chen Wang Shao-Fei Huang Liang Zhou Yong Gu Department of Neurology Southern HospitalSouthern Medical University Department of Neurology the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University

Background: Neuroinflammtion plays a key role in pathologic processes of a wide number of central nervous system(CNS) disorders including neurodegenerative diseases and non-degenerative neuroinflammatory diseases. High-mobility group protein B1(HMGB1), a crucial member of danger-associated molecular patterns, could mediate delayed damaging processes by initiating intense secondary neuroinflammation through activating microglia. Regulatory RNase 1(Regnase-1) has a significant effect on anti-inflammation by decaying a set of proinflammatory cytokine-encoding m RNAs. However, the role of Regnase-1 in HMGB1-mediated neuroinflammation has not been examined. Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the role of Regnase-1 in the regulation of inflammatory injury mediated by HMGB1 in the CNS. Methods: HMGB1 was added to microglia culture medium or injected to rats lateral ventricle. Expressions of Regnase-1 and proinflammatory factors were observed by quantitative real-time PCR orwestern blot. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to examine the Regnase-1 expression in microglia of rat brain cryo-sections. Regnase-1 was then knocked-down by specific si RNA to investigate its role in modulating the expression of inflammatory factors and the effect of neuronal injury. The cell viability and cytotoxicity of SH-SY5 Y cells treated with conditional medium collected from Regnase-1-knocked-down microglia under HMGB1 stimulus were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: HMGB1 could significantly induce Regnase-1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Regnase-1 was co-localized with microglia in rat brain sections. The silence of Regnase-1 in microglia increased HMGB1-mediated expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and promoted inflammation-induced cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Our study identifies Regnase-1 expresses in microglia under neuroinflammation mediated by HMGB1 and protects against inflammation-induced cytotoxicity in the CNS.

关键词： HMGB1 Regnase-1 microlia neuroinflammation

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Circadian variations of resting-state regional cerebral blood flow in humans

Circadian variations of resting-state regional cerebral bloo...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Ming Song Bing Hou Chao Wang Li-Qing Shan Jin Li Hui Cai Tian-Zi Jiang Brainnetomr Center Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Neuro Information of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China The Queensland Brain Institute the University of Queensland

Objective Human brain functions vary with the time of day. As an important monitor of brain function, regional cerebral blood flow(CBF) has been important part of basic and clinical neuroscience researches. A growing body of evidence suggests that CBF should be considerable regional variability and the CBF in several brain regions show significant lateral asymmetry. However, it is unclear whether these CBF variability and lateral asymmetry vary with the time of day. Methods Three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling(3D PCASL) were used to non-invasively and quantifiably measure resting-state CBF for more than thirty healthy adults successively in the afternoon(3pm, Time 1), evening(10pm, Time 2) and night(3am, Time 3). Next, the CBF images were divided into 18 regions of interests(ROIs)(9 in each hemisphere). The mean CBF value across the entire brain and in each ROI was calculated and statistical analyzed. Results(1) The CBF varied with the time of day. The average CBF across the entire brain was 51.35, 49.49, 46.23 ml/100 cc of brain tissue/min at Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3 respectively. And, there were significant CBF differences among the 3 time points(p<0.000). The average CBF at Time 2 and Time 3 were separately reduced by 3.6% and 9.9% compared with that at Time 1.(2) The laterality patterns of the circadian change of the CBF were different in different ROIs. The Cerebellum, Occipital lobe and Thalamus did not show significantly lateral, while Prefrontal lobe, Other parts of frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, Corpus striatum and Insula demonstrated significant laterality. And, the interaction was observed between the laterality and time for Prefrontal lobe. Conclusion It is important to be cognizant of circadian rhythm on measuring the CBF in health and disease.

关键词： cerebral blood flow circadian brain laterality

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Central serotonin type 2A receptor contribute to the inhibition of serotonin release from dorsal raphe nucleus projecting to the prelimbic cortex in chronic unpredictable stress induced depression rats

Central serotonin type 2A receptor contribute to the inhibit...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Zhao-Jun Xia Jie Chen Bin Wang Wan-Kun Gong Jun-Tong Wu Feng Wang Meng-Ya Wang Hong-Ping Huang Department of physiology and neurobiology Wannan medical college Department of Forensic medicine Wannan medical college

Central serotonin type 2A receptors(5-HT2A) are known expressed as postsynaptic receptors which abundant within prefrontal cortex. 5-HT2 A receptors play a particularly important role in mediating serotonin's action during stress. The precise action of this receptor on serotonin release remains unclear. The present study is to explore how 5-HT2 A receptors mediated serotonin release via dorsal raphe nucleus projecting to the prelimbic cortex. Male Sprague-Dawley rats(180～200g) were randomly separated into control group and model group. Model group rats were established by a seriers of chronic unpredictable stress(CUS). Behavioral indexes in open field test and sucrose preference test were measured to confirm the presence of depression. Furthermore, constant amperometric method with carbon fiber electrode was used to detect neurotransmitter release in prelimbic cortex induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus in anesthetized rats. The systemic administration of 5-HT2 A receptor antagonist, ketanserin(i.p.2 mg/kg), augmented the local release of 5-HT in prelimbic cortex. On the other hands, the central application of the 5-HT2A/2C agonist DOI(i.c.v.20 μg) half decreased the local release of 5-HT. These findings suggest that the extracellular 5-HT level in the prelimbic cortex induced by electrical-stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus was inhibited by 5-HT2 A receptors activation, and was enhanced by 5-HT2 A receptors antagonist.

关键词： serotonin type 2A receptor dorsal raphe nucleus chronic unpredictable stress amperometry depression rats

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Adapting and sensitizing ganglion cells show opposite changes in correlated activity during response to constant contrast stimulation

Adapting and sensitizing ganglion cells show opposite change...

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第六届亚太神经科学联合会学术会议暨中国神经科学学会第十一届全国学术会议

作者： Ru-Jia Yan Hai-Qing Gong Shi-Gang He Pei-Ji Liang School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Objective Visual system continually adjusts its sensitivity to the changing environments to encode the visual input efficiently. Two types of sensitivity adjustments have been observed in retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) to contrast transition: adaptation and sensitization. Concerted activity between adjacent RGCs plays an important role in visual information coding. The correlation strength between adjacent adapting neurons decreased during response to a sustained high contrast stimulus. However the changes of concerted activity for sensitizing RGCs during response remain unclear. The present study is to explore the changes in correlation strengths between adapting and sensitizing neuron pairs during their responses to constant contrast stimulation, as well as the changes of overlapping receptive fields. Methods Mouse(C57BL/6 wild-type, 2- 3 months of age) retinal ganglion cells' firing activities were recorded using multi-electrode arrays. Visual stimulus was generated from a computer monitor and projected onto the retina via a lens focus system. All stimuli were gray-scale images with pixel values between 0(black, 0 nW /cm2) and 256(white, 20.8 nW /cm2). Checkerboard Gaussian white noise flickering was employed as a constant contrast stimulus, which was with frame refresh rate of 20 Hz and duration of 300 s. Every frame consisted of 16 × 16(row × column) sub-squares, each of which covering an area of 56 × 56 μm2 on the retina. Results To quantitatively study the changes of correlation strengths over time, the neuronal response to 300-s stimulus was divided into three periods: 0-100 s, 100-200 s, 200-300 s, and the correlation strengths were calculated for each period between adapting neuron pairs and sensitizing neuron pairs. For adapting neuron pairs, the correlation strengths tended to increase over timewhereas the correlation strengths between sensitizing neuron pairs tended to decrease over time. The changes of overlapping receptive fields between adapting and se

关键词： Retinal ganglion cell adaptation sensitization correlated activity

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