Understanding and visualizing the uptake and biodistribution of pesticides inside living cells are great importance for enhancing targeting and changing application methods of *** we reported for the first time that g...
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Understanding and visualizing the uptake and biodistribution of pesticides inside living cells are great importance for enhancing targeting and changing application methods of *** we reported for the first time that gold nanorods (Au NRs) with size of 39.4 nm × 11.3 nm could be used as a fluorescent tracer to examine the biodistribution of a typical herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), in tobacco bright yellow 2 (BY-2)cells, by covalently bonding 2,4-D molecules with the Au *** conjugations (2,4-D-MP-Au NRs) between2,4-D and Au NRs was confirmed by using Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Additionally, two-photon luminescence (TPL) spectra were recorded in the time-course experiments after the switching-on of the laser light with an excitation wavelength of 800 nm in *** images from at least three randomly selected sites of BY-2 cells, including extracellular environment, cell wall, cytoplasm and nucleus, were acquired under identical experimental *** detector positions were highlighted by red *** a control experiment, no TPL signal was observed in any site of the cell that contained no Au *** addition, there is also no TPL signal in the extracellular environment in Fig.l(b) because the cells were rinsed by ***, in Fig.l(c)-(h), the bright dots of different sites inside the cells can be *** states that Au NRs can emit strong TPL when the fs laser waver wavelength is in resonance with their longitudinal surface plasmon ***, TPL can be distinguished from tissue autofluorescence based on the specific spectral patterns,which agrees with what was reported in previous publication [1].The preliminary results show that 2,4-D-MP-Au NRs have entered into the BY-2 cells after 12 ***, TPL can be used as a reliable tool for quantitatively imaging of Au NRs [2].Therefore, we also investigated the TPL intensity from 2,4-D-MP-Au NRs in the insets of Fi
One remarkable feature of insect cytochrome P450 genes is that the transcription level is induced by foreignchemicals or *** date, very little is known about the functions of P450 genes in thered flour beetle, Triboli...
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One remarkable feature of insect cytochrome P450 genes is that the transcription level is induced by foreignchemicals or *** date, very little is known about the functions of P450 genes in thered flour beetle, Tribolium *** this study, eight potential inducible P450 genes, which wereCYP4G7, CYP4Q4, CYP4BR3, CYP12H1, CYP6BK11, CYP9D4, CYP9Z5 and CYP345A1, respectively, were selected through bioinformatic *** transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that these P450 genes displayed different tissue and developmental stage expression *** RT-PCR revealed that CYP4G7 and CYP4BR3 were significantly induced by cypermethrin, permethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, while CYP4G7 and CYP345A1 were significantly induced by imidacloprid, indicating a gene and insecticide dependent *** order to determinethe conditions resulting in maximum levels of P450 gene induction by insecticides, several factors, including exposure amounts and durations, were *** data demonstrated that low sub-lethal concentration (i.e., one fourth of LC20) and short exposure (6 hours) showed identical induction compared to the condition of lethal concentration (LC20) and long exposure (24 hours).Current Study provided a directionon how to select inducible candidate genes and design experiments for the transcriptional profiling ofinsect detoxification genes upon response to insecticide exposure.
In an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activities, more than 40 new avermectin derivatives were synthesized and their biological activities were determined against Tetranychus Cinnabarinus, Aphi...
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In an effort to discover new molecules with good insecticidal activities, more than 40 new avermectin derivatives were synthesized and their biological activities were determined against Tetranychus Cinnabarinus, Aphis craccivora and Bursaphelenchus *** bioassays showed that most of the target compounds possessed good-to-excellent activities against three insect ***, the majority of the target compounds exhibited high selectivity against ***, some of which were much better in comparison with the commercial *** compounds 9j (LC50:0.005 μM) and 16d (LC50: 0.002aM) were 2.5-and 4.7-fold as high as the activity of avermectin (LC50:0.0131M), respectively, against ***, compounds 9b, 9d-f, 9h, 9j, 9I, 9n, 9p, 9r, 9v and 17d showed superior activities with LC50 values of 2.959-5.013 μM compared to that of 1 (LC50: 6.746 μM) against ***, the insecticidal activities of compounds 9f, 9g, 9h, and 9m against *** were 7~8 times better than that of avermectin, with LC50 values of 7.744, 5.634, 6.809, 7.939 and 52.234 μM, ***, QSAR analysis showed that the molecular shape, size, connectivity degree and electronic distribution of avermectin analogues had substantial effects on insecticidal *** preliminary results provided useful insight in guiding further modifications of avermectin in the development of potential new insecticides.
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