Microsatellite enrichment from AFLP fragments by magnetic beads was introduced in this research. This method can obviate the tedious work of library construction which not only save time but also expense. The genomic ...
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Microsatellite enrichment from AFLP fragments by magnetic beads was introduced in this research. This method can obviate the tedious work of library construction which not only save time but also expense. The genomic DNA was converted into Pre-amplified AFLP fragments by using a few restriction enzymes combination and hybridized with biotin-labeled SSR probes. Then the hybrid mixture was used to incubated with magnetic beads coated with streptavidin. After washing to remove the non-SSR fragments, the eluted single-strand DNA which was cloned and sequenced was largely enriched for microsatellites. Primers can then be designed according to the sequence flanking the repeat motifs and used for polymorphism analysis. Fifty one primers had been developed from six Chinese indigenous goose breeds successfully. Thirty one of them were middle polymorphic better specific and did not link each other. The mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 6 goose breeds was 0.394-0.448. The highest was in the Shitou (0.448), and in the Yan was the lowest (0.394). The results showed that the 31 microsatellites had middle PIC. These 31 microsatellites could be used in the analysis of genetic diversity, construction of saturated maps, and in some cases, in marker-assisted selection. The whole experiment can be employed as a reliable option for any molecular laboratory to develop SSR markers.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) characterized by PCR-SSCP analysis in exon V of growth hormone (GH) gene for 180 goats from five goat breeds were investigated and their associations with milk yield of Xinong Sa...
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) characterized by PCR-SSCP analysis in exon V of growth hormone (GH) gene for 180 goats from five goat breeds were investigated and their associations with milk yield of Xinong Saanen dairy goats were searched. The results showed that four SSCP patterns were observed in goat. In reference to goat GH gene sequence (GenBank No.D00476) as a control, SSCP pattern sequences characterized 14 SNPs, among which 4 codon mutations changed no amino acid variations. The establishment of relationships between SSCP patterns and SNPs and milk performance from Xinong Saanen dairy goats was attempted by a general mixed linear model. Significant statistical relationship between 3 SSCP patterns and milk yields was observed (P<0.05), and significant association of 4 SNPs with milk production traits was preliminary to be found (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Hence, we drew a preliminary conclusion that 4 SNPs characterized by PCR-SSCP patterns for exon V of GH gene exerted significant effects on milk performance, could be considered as molecular marker in MAS.
A total of 720 individuals of 12 indigenous chicken populations, geographically localized in South China were genotyped for 30 microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic variation and genetic distance between popu...
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A total of 720 individuals of 12 indigenous chicken populations, geographically localized in South China were genotyped for 30 microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic variation and genetic distance between populations. The all microsatellites were found to be polymorphic. Heterozygosity and Wright's F-statistics (FIS, FST and FIT) were calculated to determine the genetic variation. Mean values of FIS, FST and FIT per locus were -.0484, 0.083 and -0.305, respectively. Of the 30 microsatellite loci, number of alleles per locus (Na) and effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) ranged from 4 to 11 and 2.157 to 8.019, respectively. The average expected heterozygosity (HE) was 0.669, while the average observed Heterozygosity (HO) was *** polymorphism information content (PIC) have values between 0.560 and 0.641. Using Nei's standard distance, genetic distance (DA) calculated ranged between 0.088 (Guanxi Sanhuang vs. Nandan Yao) and 0.495 (Huiyang Beard vs. Zhangzhou Game). The topology of phylogenetic trees constructed showed general patterns of relationship and genetic differentiation among the indigenous populations studied. The results provided evidence of the applicability of microsatellite to determining the genetic relatedness among different Chinese indigenous chicken populations and evaluating genetic variations.
The Pit-1 gene was studied as a candidate for genetic markers of growth traits in Chinese cattle in this study. The single-strand conformation polymorphism method was used to detecte polymorphism in the Pit-1 gene inc...
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The Pit-1 gene was studied as a candidate for genetic markers of growth traits in Chinese cattle in this study. The single-strand conformation polymorphism method was used to detecte polymorphism in the Pit-1 gene including intron 5. One single nucleotide polymorphism was found in intron 5 of Pit-1. The frequencies of alleles A/B in Nanyang cattle(NY), Qinchuan cattle(QC). Jiaxian Red cattle(JXR), Xizhen cattle(XZ), Luxi cattle(LX) and Holstein cow(H) populations were 0.444/0.556 , 0.477/0.523, 0.538/0.462, 0.421/0.579, 0.523/0.477, 0.475/0.525 respectively. Associations of the polymorphisms with growth traits in Nanyang cattle were analyzed using a general linear model procedure. The following parameters were greater in individuals with genotype AA than with genotype AB: body weight, average daily gain, body height, chest girth at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months(P<0.01). Body weight and body size also showed a trend of allele B > allele A in other age groups. Therefore, genotype BB maybe a dominant genotype and allele B may be a dominant allele. These results imply that allele B of Pit-1 gene likely positively affects growth traits.
As a multifunctional cytokine, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was detected in the utero-placental interface during early pregnancy in the pig, and believed to enhance trophoblast attachment to the endome...
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As a multifunctional cytokine, the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was detected in the utero-placental interface during early pregnancy in the pig, and believed to enhance trophoblast attachment to the endometrium. In this experiment, we selected TGF-β1 as the candidate gene affecting litter size in pigs. We detected the polymorphisms of this gene by PCR-SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism ) in Large white sows (n=567), four polymorphisms loci were found : C→T mutation at 33nt (GenBank NO: AF461809) in the intron 4, G→A mutation at 179nt (GenBank NO: AJ621785 )in the intron 6, C→T mutation at 1043nt (GenBank NO: AJ621785) in the intron 6, GG→AA linkage mutations at 2490nt and 2494nt respectively (GenBank NO: M23703)found in the 3' flanking region. We haplotyped these SNPs into two haplotypes: CGCAA (denote as P) and TATGG (denote as K). The effects of three haplotypic combinations of PP, PK and KK on litter sizes of first parity and second parity were estimated by Linear model, we found that for the first parity litters, the difference between KK and PK was 1.02 pigs per litter (P<0.05) for TNB, 0.67 pigs per litter but not significant (P>0. 1) for NBA, there were 0.49 pigs per litter and 0.37 pigs per litter but not significant difference between KK and PP for TNB and NBA respectively, a slightly difference of 0.53 pigs per litter between PP and PK were existed (0.05
Alleles of physiological candidate genes for reproductive traits, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) were assessed to determine the association with the total egg production (NE), a...
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Alleles of physiological candidate genes for reproductive traits, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) were assessed to determine the association with the total egg production (NE), average days of continual egg-laying (ADCE) and number of double-yolked eggs (DYE) in Chinese indigenous breed chicken (Wenchang). PCR-RFLP method was used for genotypes identification. The frequency of restriction enzyme C1/ C2 alleles in the population was 0.53 (C1) and 0.47 (C2) for IGF-1. For GHR-Intron 2 was 0.06 and 0.94 for (A1) and (A2), respectively, while GHR-Intron5 was 0.20 (B1) and 0.80 (B2). IGF-1 polymorphism has an additive effect on egg production trait. The IGF-1 PstI C2C2 genotype had greater number eggs (300d) at 89.03 compared to 82.61 for PstI C1C1 (P<0,05) and (400d) at 137.84 compared to 127.82 for PstI C1C1 (P<0.05). The IGF-1 C2C2 genotype had longer ADCE at 3.38 compared to 2.96 and 2.78 for PstI C1C1 and C1C2 , respectively (P<0.05). GHR polymorphism has additive effect on number of double-yolked eggs (DYE), The GHR HindⅢ A1A1 genotype had greater DYE at 1.00 compared to 0.30 for HindⅢ A2A2 (P<0.05). The current research supports the effects of GHR and IGF-1 genes on reproductive traits of chickens.
Source/description Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is one of five protein-coupled receptors binding melanocortins that is implicated in the control of ingestive behavior and energy homeostasis. Mutations have been desc...
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Source/description Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is one of five protein-coupled receptors binding melanocortins that is implicated in the control of ingestive behavior and energy homeostasis. Mutations have been described in the human and mouse MC4R genes which are associated with obesity. Moreover, a mutation in porcine MC4R is associated with economically important traits in the pig. The SNPs reported in bovine MC4R coding region were specific to breeds. In present experiment over 95% of the coding region of MC4R was screened to detect the SNPs in predominantly cattle breeds of *** conditions The 3 primers of PI(275-764), P2 (485-959) and P3 (804-1126) were designed based upon the bovine MC4R sequence (GenBank accession no. AF265221). The 15 μl polymerase chain reaction (PCR) contained 100 ng of genomic bovine DNA, 10 pmol of each primer, dNTPs (200 μM), Tris-HCl pH 8.8 (20 mM), (NH4)2SO4 (50 mM), MgC12 (1.5 mM), and 0.50 U Taq DNA polymerase (TaKaRa, Dalian, China).The cycling protocol was 4 min at 95℃, 35 cycles of 94℃ for 45 min, Annealing 55-63℃ for 45 s, 72 ℃ for 1 min, with a final extension at 72℃ for 4 min. Single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) Aliquots of 5μl of the PCR products were mixed with 5 μl of the denaturing solution (95% formamide, 25 mM EDTA, 0.025% xylene-cyanole and 0.025% bromophenol blue), heated for 10 min at 98℃ and chilled on ice. Denatured DNA was subjected to PAGE (80×73×0.75 mm) in TBE buffer (89 mM Tris-Borate;2 mM EDTA;pH 8.3) and constant voltage (200V) for 2.5 h. The gel was stained with silver nitrate as previous described *** nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) The PCR fragments from different SSCP patterns were cloned and sequenced. Only two SNPs 927C>T and 1069C>G (GenBank #AF265221) were detected in 509 unrelated cattle from five breeds. The mutations 647T>A, 727G>A, 747G>A were not detected in present populations. This confirmed that these SNPs were specific to breeds. Interestingly, the frequency (Table 1)
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