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13th ieee international symposium on object/component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Basanta-Val, P. Garcia-Valls, M. Estevez-Ayres, I. Univ Carlos III Madrid DREQUIEM Lab Madrid Spain

Many real-time systems use preemptive priority-based scheduling in their internals to guarantee certain real-time performance. this includes technologies that range from the real-time Specification for Java (RTSJ) to middleware like real-time Common object Request Broker Architecture (RT-CORBA), which offers additional models and policies that blend client and server information. this decision eases the integration of real-time admission tests and dispatching policies in these types of infrastructures. In this paper, we analyze different trade-offs that emerge from the definition of different propagation models for distributed real-time Java. the paper covers technological integration aspects as impact on interfaces and other practical issues mainly related to the performance that this model offers to a real-time application and non-functional overhead. the contribution described in the paper may help in the development of the distributed Specification for Java (DRTSJ). Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： RTSJ DRSTJ RT-JRMP RT-RMI

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component-based hazard analysis for mechatronic systems

Component-based hazard analysis for mechatronic systems

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2011 14th ieee international symposium on object/component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops, ISORCW 2011

作者： Priesterjahn, Claudia Sondermann-Wölke, Christoph Tichy, Matthias Hölscher, Christian Software Engineering Group Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany Mechatronics and Dynamics University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany Organic Computing University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany Design and Drive Technology University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543772

One cannot image today's life without mechatronic systems, which have to be developed in a joint effort by teams of mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, control engineers and software engineers. Often these systems are applied in safety critical environments like in cars or aircrafts. this requires systems that function correctly and do not cause hazardous situations. However, random errors due to wear or external influences cannot be completely excluded. Consequently, we have to perform a hazard analysis for the system. Further, the union of four disciplines in one system requires the development and analysis of the system as a whole. We present a component-based hazard analysis that considers the entire mechatronic system including hardware, i.e. mechanical and electrical components, and software components. Our approach considers the physical properties of different types of flow in mechatronic systems. We have identified reusable patterns for the failure behavior which can be generated automatically. this reduces the effort for the developer. As cycles, e.g. control cycles, are an internal part of every mechatronic system our approach is able to handle cycles. the presented approach has been applied to a real-life case study. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Engineers

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Maximizing service uptime of smartphone-based distributed real-time and embedded systems

Maximizing service uptime of smartphone-based distributed re...

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ieee international symposium on object, component, Service-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Shah, Anushi An, Kyoungho Gokhale, Aniruddha White, Jules Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA 24061 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543680

Smart phones are starting to find use in mission critical applications, such as search-and-rescue operations, wherein the mission capabilities are realized by deploying a collaborating set of services across a group of smart phones involved in the mission. Since these missions are deployed in environments where replenishing resources, such as smart phone batteries, is hard, it is necessary to maximize the lifespan of the mission while also maintaining its real-time quality of service (QoS) requirements. To address these requirements, this paper presents a deployment framework called Smart Deploy, which integrates bin packing heuristics with evolutionary algorithms to produce near-optimal deployment solutions that are computationally inexpensive to compute for maximizing the lifespan of smart phone-based mission critical applications. the paper evaluates the merits of deployments produced by Smart Deploy for a search-and-rescue mission comprising a heterogeneous mix of smart phones by integrating a worst-fit bin packing heuristic with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. Results of our experiments indicate that the missions deployed using Smart Deploy have a lifespan that is 20% to 162% greater than those deployed using just the bin packing heuristic or evolutionary algorithms. Although Smart Deploy is slightly slower than the other algorithms, the slower speed is acceptable for offline computations of deployment. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Heuristic algorithms

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A component model for hard real-time systems: CCM with ARINC-653

A component model for hard real-time systems: CCM with ARINC...

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13th ieee international symposium on object/component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing (ISORC)

作者： Dubey, Abhishek Karsai, Gabor Mahadevan, Nagabhushan Vanderbilt Univ Inst Software Integrated Syst Nashville TN 37212 USA

the size and complexity of software in safety-critical systems is increasing at a rapid pace. One technology that can be used to mitigate this complexity is component-based software development. However, in spite of the apparent benefits of a component-based approach to development, little work has been done in applying these concepts to hard real-time systems. this paper improves the state of the art by making three contributions: (1) we present a component model for hard real-time systems and define the semantics of different types of component interactions;(2) we present an implementation of a middleware that supports this component model. this middleware combines an open-source CORBA component Model (CCM) implementation (MICO) with ARINC-653: a state-of-the-art real-time operating systems (RTOS) standard, (3) finally;we describe a modeling environment that enables design, analysis, and deployment of component assemblies. We conclude with a discussion of the lessons learned during this exercise. Our experiences point toward extending both the CCM as well as revising the ARINC-653. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： ARINC-653 real-time component model hard-real time systems

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Design space exploration of object caches with cross-profiling

Design space exploration of object caches with cross-profili...

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作者： Schoeberl, Martin Binder, Walter Villazón, Alex Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modeling Technical University of Denmark Denmark Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano Switzerland Universidad Privada Boliviana Bolivia

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543680

To avoid data cache trashing between heap-allocated data and other data areas, a distinct object cache has been proposed for embedded real-time Java processors. this object cache uses high associativity in order to statically track different object pointers for worst-case execution-time analysis. However, before implementing such an object cache, an empirical analysis of different organization forms is needed. We use a cross-profiling technique based on aspect-oriented programming in order to evaluate different object cache organizations with standard Java benchmarks. From the evaluation we conclude that field access exhibits some temporal locality, but almost no spatial locality. therefore, filling long cache lines on a miss just introduces a high miss penalty without increasing the hit rate enough to make up for the increased miss penalty. For an object cache, it is more efficient to fill individual words within the cache line on a miss. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： Aspect oriented programming

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the real-time Systems Compiler: migrating event-triggered systems to time-triggered systems

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SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2011年第12期41卷 1491-1515页

作者： Scheler, Fabian Schroeder-Preikschat, Wolfgang Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Comp Sci Distributed Syst & Operating Syst 4 Erlangen Germany

In this paper, we present a prototype of the real-time Systems Compiler (RTSC). the RTSC is a compiler-based tool that enables the migration from event-triggered to time-triggered real-time systems. this is achieved by replacing the real-time systems architecture of a given real-time system. the real-time systems architecture governs the structural properties of the white-box view of a real-time system: how are tasks attached to events and how are dependencies between different tasks implemented. the RTSC uses an abstraction called Atomic Basic Blocks (ABBs) to hide the real-time systems architecture and capture all relevant dependencies of an event-triggered system in a global ABB-graph. the RTSC automatically extracts that ABB-graph from an event-triggered real-time system given as source code, transforms that ABB-graph appropriately, and maps it to a statically computed schedule that could be executed by standard time-triggered real-time operating systems. Important temporal properties of the physical environment of the real-time system needed for that transformation are stored in a system model provided as additional input to the RTSC. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of our approach and the operation of our prototype by transforming an event-triggered control application into a time-triggered equivalent. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： real-time systems time-triggered systems event-triggered systems

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the real-time Systems Compiler: migrating event-triggered systems to time-triggered systems