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Automated Testing Framework for Embedded component Systems

Automated Testing Framework for Embedded Component Systems

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Hinata Tomimori Hiroshi Oyama Takuya Azumi Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University OKUMA Corporation

Embedded systems in equipment have recently become larger and more complex. To solve these problems and improve development efficiency, a component-Based Development (CBD) method could be used to divide the system into components. However, CBD presents challenges in system testing, such as an increase in the number of test objects and occurrence of failures in team development. To address these issues, a development method called Continuous Integration (CI) is sometimes used, which automatically performs building, and testing. this paper proposes a CI framework for automated testing that can be used for embedded components. In addition to automated testing, the proposed framework can perform line coverage measurement and display, Boundary Value Testing, and Equivalence Partitioning Testing. Furthermore, the evaluation of the proposed framework yielded the following contributions: Automated Workflow, Automated Code Generation, and Line Coverage Measurement

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mruby on TECS: component-Based Framework for Running Script Program

mruby on TECS: Component-Based Framework for Running Script ...

引用

international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Takuya Azumi Yuki Nagahara Hiroshi Oyama Nobuhiko Nishio Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University OKUMA Corporation College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University

Scripting languages are attractive for embedded system due to their high productivity. However, it is difficult to use scripting languages in a practical application because their performance and libraries for managing embedded devices are immature compared to the C programming language. this paper proposes a framework for effectively running an mruby script program on embedded systems based on the TOPPERS Embedded component System (TECS). TECS generates glue code for invocation from mruby programs to legacy code in C language. It also supports configuration of mruby. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

关键词： Bridges Libraries Embedded systems Ports (Computers) Arrays Productivity

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Maximizing Service Uptime of Smartphone-Based distributed real-time and Embedded Systems

Maximizing Service Uptime of Smartphone-Based Distributed Re...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Anushi Shah Kyoungho An Aniruddha Gokhale Jules White Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Smart phones are starting to find use in mission critical applications, such as search-and-rescue operations, wherein the mission capabilities are realized by deploying a collaborating set of services across a group of smart phones involved in the mission. Since these missions are deployed in environments where replenishing resources, such as smart phone batteries, is hard, it is necessary to maximize the lifespan of the mission while also maintaining its real-time quality of service (QoS) requirements. To address these requirements, this paper presents a deployment framework called Smart Deploy, which integrates bin packing heuristics with evolutionary algorithms to produce near-optimal deployment solutions that are computationally inexpensive to compute for maximizing the lifespan of smart phone-based mission critical applications. the paper evaluates the merits of deployments produced by Smart Deploy for a search-and-rescue mission comprising a heterogeneous mix of smart phones by integrating a worst-fit bin packing heuristic with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. Results of our experiments indicate that the missions deployed using Smart Deploy have a lifespan that is 20% to 162% greater than those deployed using just the bin packing heuristic or evolutionary algorithms. Although Smart Deploy is slightly slower than the other algorithms, the slower speed is acceptable for offline computations of deployment.

关键词： Software Smart phones Evolutionary computation Batteries Hardware Topology Heuristic algorithms

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Multi-objective Exploration of Compiler Optimizations for real-time Systems

Multi-objective Exploration of Compiler Optimizations for Re...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Paul Lokuciejewski Sascha Plazar Heiko Falk Peter Marwedel Lothar thiele Computer Science 12 Technical University Dortmund Dortmund Germany Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

With the growing complexity of embedded systems software, high code quality can only be achieved using a compiler. Sophisticated compilers provide a vast spectrum of various optimizations to improve code aggressively w. r. t. different objective functions, e. g., average-case execution time (ACET) or code size. Due to the complex interactions between the optimizations, the choice for a promising sequence of code transformations is not trivial. Compiler developers address this problem by proposing standard optimization levels, e. g., O3 or Os. However, previous studies have shown that these standard levels often miss optimization potential or might even result in performance degradation. In this paper, we propose the first adaptive WCET-aware compiler framework for an automatic search of compiler optimization sequences which yield highly optimized code. Besides the objective functions ACET and code size, we consider the worst-case execution time (WCET) which is a crucial parameter for real-time systems. To find suitable trade-offs between these objectives, stochastic evolutionary multi-objective algorithms identifying Pareto optimal solutions are exploited. A comparison based on statistical performance assessments is performed which helps to determine the most suitable multi-objective optimizer. the effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on real-life benchmarks showing that standard optimization levels can be significantly outperformed.

关键词： Optimizing compilers real time systems Embedded system Embedded software distributed computing Software systems Standards development Timing Aerospace electronics Computer science

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Understanding and Effectively Preventing the ABA Problem in Descriptor-Based Lock-Free Designs

Understanding and Effectively Preventing the ABA Problem in ...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Damian Dechev Peter Pirkelbauer Bjarne Stroustrup Scalable Computing R & D Department Sandia National Laboratories Livermore CA USA Department of Computer Science Texas A and M University College Station TX USA

An increasing number of modern real-time systems and the nowadays ubiquitous multicore architectures demand the application of programming techniques for reliable and efficient concurrent synchronization. Some recently developed Compare-And-Swap (CAS) based nonblocking techniques hold the promise of delivering practical and safer concurrency. the ABA problem is a fundamental problem to many CAS-based designs. Its significance has increased with the suggested use of CAS as a core atomic primitive for the implementation of portable lock-free algorithms. the ABA problem's occurrence is due to the intricate and complex interactions of the application's concurrent operations and, if not remedied, ABA can significantly corrupt the semantics of a nonblocking algorithm. the current state of the art leaves the elimination of the ABA hazards to the ingenuity of the software designer. In this work we provide the first systematic and detailed analysis of the ABA problem in lock-free Descriptor-based designs. We study the semantics of Descriptor-based lock-free data structures and propose a classification of their operations that helps us better understand the ABA problem and subsequently derive an effective ABA prevention scheme. Our ABA prevention approach outperforms by a large factor the use of the alternative CAS-based ABA prevention schemes. It offers speeds comparable to the use of the architecture-specific CAS2 instruction used for version counting. We demonstrate our ABA prevention scheme by integrating it into an advanced nonblocking data structure, a lock-free dynamically resizable array.

关键词： Hazards real time systems Concurrent computing Application software Content addressable storage Data structures distributed computing Computer science Software design Libraries

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Early Modeling of Linux-Based RTOS Platforms in a SystemC time-Approximate Co-simulation Environment

Early Modeling of Linux-Based RTOS Platforms in a SystemC Ti...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Hector Posadas Eugenio Villar Dominique Ragot Marcos Martinez Microelectronic Engineering GroupTEISA University of Cantabria Santander Spain Thales Communications Paris France DS2 Design of System on Silicon (DS2) Valencia Spain

the increase of computational power in embedded systems has allowed integrating together hard real-time tasks and rich applications. Complex SW infrastructures containing both RTOS and GPOS are required to handle this complexity. To optimally map system functionality to the hard-RT SW domain, to the general purpose SW domain or to HW peripherals, early performance evaluations at the first steps of the design process are required. Approximate timed co-simulation has been proposed as a fast solution for system modeling at early design steps. this co-simulation technique allows simulating systems at speed close to functional execution, while considering timing effects. As a consequence, system performance estimations can be obtained early, allowing efficient design space exploration and system refinement. To achieve fast simulation speed, the SW code is pre-annotated with time information. the annotated code is then natively executed, performing what is called native-based co-simulation. Previous native-based simulation environments are not prepared to model multi-OS systems, so the performance evaluation of the different SW domains is not possible. this paper proposes a new embedded system modeling solution considering dual RTOS/GPOS systems. A real Linux-based infrastructure has been modeled an integrated into a state-of-the-art co-simulation environment. the resulting solution is capable of modeling and evaluating all HW and SW system components providing the designer with valuable information for early system optimization and design space exploration.

关键词： real time systems Embedded system Linux Operating systems distributed computing Process design Timing System performance Space exploration Power system reliability

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Combining Model-Based Systems Engineering, Simulation and Domain Engineering in the Development of Industrial Automation Systems: Industrial Case Study

Combining Model-Based Systems Engineering, Simulation and Do...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Ismael Scheeren Carlos Eduardo Pereira General Electric do Brasil Ltda Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul UFRGS Porto Alegre Brazil

Due to increasing complexity, the design of Industrial Automation Systems are becoming more challenging. In that sense, efforts have been driven to develop Model-Based Systems Engineering tools and methods. Despite recent progress, there are still doubts in terms of the practical use and benefits. the main concerns are related to integration among tools and exchange of information between multidisciplinary artifacts. this paper compares Document-Centric Engineering (CAx tools) and Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) in light of Industrial Automation Systems using a real domain. therefore, a MBSE compliant method was developed and tested. Commercial tools such as the Eclipse platform and the ModelicaML language were used to perform abstract modeling while COMOS® from Siemens® was used to develop the multidisciplinary artifacts for project documentation. A Java application was developed to integrate component information between the selected environments. the OpenModelica Compiler was integrated to the platform to allow system and component behavior simulation. Tests have shown that the tools involved on this investigation still need further development concerning maturity and exchange of information from abstract models down to domain specific models. On the other hand, MBSE has proven to be an important tool to match different team approaches and concerns, improving team communication using conceptual-wide and abstract symbols. Connecting abstract ModelicaML models to a simulation environment using Modelica led to a better understanding of systems behavior prior to realization and provided an analysis environment for early detection of project errors and operational failures.

关键词： object oriented modeling Unified modeling language Computational modeling Automation Mathematical model

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real-time-component Based Software Architecture for QoS-adaptive Networked Multimedia Applications

Real-Time-Component Based Software Architecture for QoS-adap...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Juan A. Colmenares K.H. Kim Zhen Zhang Chadeok Lim Kee-Wook Rim Parallel Computing Laboratory CS Division University of California Berkeley USA DREAM Laboratory EECS Department University of California Irvine USA Electronics and Telecommnications Research Institute Daejeon South Korea Department of Computer Science Sunmoon University South Korea

Highly desirable types of networked multimedia applications should adapt to changes in the environmental conditions in which they operate, such as communication bandwidth, available memory, and battery lifetime, while providing the best possible quality of service (QoS). In this paper we present a software architecture that facilitates the development of adaptive networked multimedia applications which meet this requirement. the proposed software architecture is based on the time-triggered Message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme and it is implemented as a thin layer on top of the TMO Support Middleware (TMOSM). the new layer, called the QoS Adaptation Support Layer (QASL), includes monitoring and runtime reconfiguration facilities that allow us to easily incorporate QoS-adaptation capabilities into TMO-based multimedia applications. In addition, we introduce a novel, practical approach for establishing the QoS configurations that guide the adaptive behavior of a networked multimedia application. A QoS configuration contains a set of parameters that specify the quality-related characteristics of the media streams which a receiver expects from a sender. We also present a strategy used in QASL for selecting, from a given set of QoS configurations, an optimal configuration by reflecting currently observed environmental conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the QoS-adaptation mechanisms implemented in QASL is evaluated with the use of a heterogeneous network based multi-party videoconference application.

关键词： Software architecture Application software Quality of service Streaming media Bandwidth Batteries Adaptive systems Middleware Monitoring Runtime

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End-to-end Timing Modeling and Analysis of TSN in component-Based Vehicular Software

End-to-end Timing Modeling and Analysis of TSN in Component-...

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international symposium on object-oriented real-time distributed computing

作者： Bahar Houtan Mehmet Onur Aybek Mohammad Ashjaei Masoud Daneshtalab Mikael Sjödin John Lundbäck Saad Mubeen Mälardalen University Västerås Sweden Arcticus Systems Järfälla Sweden

In this paper, we present an end-to-end timing model to capture timing information from software architectures of distributed embedded systems that use network communication based on the time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards. Such a model is required as an input to perform end-to-end timing analysis of these systems. Furthermore, we present a methodology that aims at automated extraction of instances of the end-to-end timing model from component-based software architectures of the systems and the TSN network configurations. As a proof of concept, we implement the proposed end-to-end timing model and the extraction methodology in the Rubus component Model (RCM) and its tool chain Rubus-ICE that are used in the vehicle industry. We demonstrate the usability of the proposed model and methodology by modeling a vehicular industrial use case and performing its timing analysis.

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Locality-Aware Extension of pi-Calculus to Model Self-Organizing Behavior in Massively distributed Embedded Systems

Locality-Aware Extension of pi-Calculus to Model Self-Organi...

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ieee international symposium on object/component/Service-oriented real-time distributed computing Workshops (ISORCW)

作者： Dalimir Orfanus Peter Janacik Flávio Rech Wagner ABB Corporate Research Center Oslo Norway Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Paderborn Germany Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil

Massively distributed Embedded Systems (MDES) such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining increasing attention, since they enable a broad range of novel applications starting from monitoring oceans to exploring distant planets. WSNs consist of hundreds of nodes that have typically very limited recourses (computational, memory, energy, etc.) and are deployed in a dynamic environment, where they have to continuously adapt to new conditions. Due to the small-size requirement of the nodes, they are highly resource-constrained. Because of that, the amount of functionality that may be present in each node is limited. therefore, cooperation between nodes is needed in order to accomplish complex tasks. these facts turn the design of applications for WSNs into a challenge. A promising approach how to deal with it is to use the emergent self-organization metaphor. In this paper a new process algebra (PA) called "Locality-aware extension of π-Calculus" is presented. the algebra is one of several techniques included in a new design methodology for the design of self-organizing behavior in MDES. the method is based on π-Calculus and allows a highlevel description of interactions among processes. As the most important characteristic of self-organization is the restriction of interactions to neighboring elements (localized interactions), we extend the π-Calculus with locality awareness, a necessary abstraction to allow the modeling of self-organization in MDES. To get full locality awareness in π-Calculus, we extended it with concepts for modeling spatiality, probability and time. Moreover, new types of channels are included to cover various types of communication such as distribution, broadcast and aggregation. In order to validate this new PA, we successfully model a self-organizing clustering algorithm for WSNs.

关键词： Embedded system Wireless sensor networks Algebra Design methodology Process design Oceans Libraries real time systems distributed computing Conferences

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