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2015 IEEE 17th international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： Wen, Liang Jiang, Wei Jiang, Ke Zhang, Xia Pan, Xiong Zhou, Keran Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Sch Informat & Software Engn Chengdu Sichuan Peoples R China Linkoping Univ Dept Comp & Informat Sci Linkoping Sweden Univ Texas Dallas Dept Comp Sci Richardson TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989379

this paper presents an approach to the synthesis of secure real-time applications mapped on distributed embedded systems, which focuses on preventing fault injection attacks. We utilize symmetric cryptographic service to protect confidentiality, and deploy fault detection within confidential algorithm to resist fault injection attacks. Several fault detection schemes are identified, and their fault coverage rates and time overheads are derived and measured, respectively. Our synthesis approach makes efforts to determine the best fault detection schemes for the encryption/decryption of messages, such that the overall security strength of resisting fault injection attack is minimized, and the deadline constraint of the real-time applications is guaranteed. Since addressing the problem is still a NP-hard problem, we propose an efficient algorithm based on Fruit fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA), which can achieve better results by lower time overheads, compared with simulated annealing algorithm. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our approach.

关键词： Fault coverage Fault detection Fault injection attack System-level design

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Node re-ordering as a means of anomaly detection in time-evolving graphs 1

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15th European conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases, ECML PKDD 2016

作者： Rashidi, Lida Kan, Andrey Bailey, James Chan, Jeffrey Leckie, Christopher Liu, Wei Rajasegarar, Sutharshan Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri Data61 Victoria Research Laboratory Melbourne Australia Department of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia Department of Computer Science and Information Technology RMIT University Melbourne Australia Department of Engineering and IT University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia School of Information Technology Deakin University Geelong Australia

ISBN: (数字)9783319462271

ISBN: (纸本)9783319462264

Anomaly detection is a vital task for maintaining and improving any dynamic system. In this paper, we address the problem of anomaly detection in time-evolving graphs, where graphs are a natural representation for data in many types of applications. A key challenge in this context is how to process large volumes of streaming graphs. We propose a pre-processing step before running any further analysis on the data, where we permute the rows and columns of the adjacency matrix. this pre-processing step expedites graph mining techniques such as anomaly detection, PageRank, or graph coloring. In this paper, we focus on detecting anomalies in a sequence of graphs based on rank correlations of the reordered nodes. the merits of our approach lie in its simplicity and resilience to challenges such as unsupervised input, large volumes and high velocities of data. We evaluate the scalability and accuracy of our method on real graphs, where our method facilitates graph processing while producing more deterministic orderings. We show that the proposed approach is capable of revealing anomalies in a more efficient manner based on node rankings. Furthermore, our method can produce visual representations of graphs that are useful for graph compression. © Springer international Publishing AG 2016.

关键词： Graph theory

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Ray-tracing domain decomposition methods for real-time simulation on multi-core and multi-processor systems

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2016年第16期28卷 4352-4364页

作者： Magoules, Frederic Gbikpi-Benissan, Guillaume Callet, Patrick Technol Res Inst SystemX 8 Ave Vauve F-91120 Palaiseau France CentraleSupelec F-92295 Chatenay Malabry France

this paper describes the use of domain decomposition methods for accelerating wave physics simulation. Numerical wave-based methods provide more accurate simulation than geometrical methods, but at a higher computation cost as well. In the context of virtual reality, the quality of the results is estimated according to human perception, what makes geometrical methods an interesting approach for achieving real-time physically-based rendering. Here, we investigate a geometrical method based on both beams and rays tracing, which we enhance by two levels of parallel processing. Techniques from domain decomposition methods are coupled with classical parallel computing on both shared and distributed memory. Both optic and acoustic renderings are experimented to evaluate the acceleration impact of the domain decomposition scheme. Speedup measurements clearly show the efficiency of using domain decomposition methods for real-time simulation of wave physics. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： ray-tracing beam-tracing parallel computing domain decomposition method wave propagation acoustic optic

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Adaptive computing in real-time applications 13

Adaptive Computing in Real-Time Applications

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13th IEEE international NEW Circuits and systems conference

作者： Janssen, Benedikt Schwiegelshohn, Fynn Huebner, Michael Ruhr Univ Bochum Embedded Syst Informat Technol Bochum Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479988938

Self-adaptive systems aim to satisfy system constraints in an environment with sudden parameter changes. Moreover, they enable new possibilities to cope with dynamic run-time requests. their self-adapting capabilities lead to a highly dynamic system behavior which leads to development and run-time overheads. Additional real-time constraints increase the design space complexity further. the challenge is to reduce the complexity of application and system design. Recently, self-adaptive systems have been discovered for applications in emerging domains, such as the Internet of things or Cyber-Physical systems. Here, real-time support is often required for the respective systems. this paper surveys approaches to handle task scheduling/mapping, as well as resource management in these systems.

关键词： Scheduling

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A smart low-consumption IoT framework for location tracking and its real application

A smart low-consumption IoT framework for location tracking ...

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international conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication

作者： Hao Tang Jian Shi Kai Lei Shenzhen Key Lab for Cloud Computing Technology & Applications (SPCCTA) Graduate School Shenzhen Guangdong China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509019984

Location-based services are increasingly popular. Smart devices embedded with GPS receiver are widely used in vehicle tracking, law enforcement and person monitoring. To provide real-time data collecting and analyzing, a backend server is necessary. A mobile app can work as a user client for accessing location data and remote control. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a system providing real-time positioning and tracking service. Our system consists of three parts: tracking device, backend server and mobile app. Our tracking device integrates GPS module, GSM/GPRS module and TCP/IP stack, capable of generating location data, establishing TCP connection and receiving SMS. Location data are transmitted over TCP connection from device to our backend server. the server is responsible for collecting and storing data. the server also provides an HTTP-based RESTful API for mobile app and web service. A mobile app is built for displaying data and controlling device remotely. Data accessing is via calling REST API and remote control is sent to device by SMS. Our device is compact in volume, accurate in positioning, and long in battery life. Our device has been integrated in a walking stick as a real-world product.

关键词： Servers Mobile communication Global Positioning System Legged locomotion Computer architecture real-time systems Ground penetrating radar

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IOMPU: Spatial Separation for Hardware-Based I/O Virtualization for Mixed-Criticality embedded real-time systems Using Non-Transparent Bridges 17

IOMPU: Spatial Separation for Hardware-Based I/O Virtualizat...

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2015 IEEE 17th international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： Muench, Daniel Paulitsch, Michael Herkersdorf, Andreas Airbus Grp Innovat Munich Germany Thales Austria GmbH Thales Grp Vienna Austria Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989379

Safety-critical systems and in particular mixed-criticality systems require spatial and temporal separation for their hosted applications and functionalities. Additional constraints are using Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) components, portability and determinism. these items are required for economic success for products with low piece numbers and long life-cycles like aircraft. Available embedded processors lack means for spatial separation of Input/Output (I/O) components like an Input/Output Memory Management Unit (IOMMU). the objective of this paper is to provide spatial separation for I/O in COTS mixed-criticality embedded real-time systems like avionics with minimum possible impact on performance (transfer time, transfer rate, Central Processing Unit (CPU) usage). the three main contributions of this paper are: (1) the presented Input/Output Memory Protection Unit (IOMPU) enables to upgrade spatial separation for I/O to a system by using COTS components and Non-Transparent Bridge (NTB) technology. In addition, the IOMPU concept is compatible with existing temporal separation solutions. (2) the paper shows a prototype implementation and a potential use case in context of hardware-based I/O virtualization. (3) the evaluation in this paper demonstrates that the IOMPU concept is practically applicable. the performance overhead (transfer time, transfer rate) is below 0.88%, which is almost negligible, particularly compared to state-of-the-art software-based solutions.

关键词： embedded systems storage management COTS component COTS mixed-criticality embedded real-time system CPU I/O component IOMPU NTB technology central processing unit commercial off-the-shelf component embedded processor hardware-based I/O virtualization input/output component input/output memory management unit mixed-criticality embedded real-time system nontransparent bridge safety-critical system Bridges Memory management Program processors real-time systems System-on-chip Virtualization IOMMU mixed-criticality systems non-transparent bridge (NTB) real-time embedded systems spatial separation

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Formal Synthesis of Optimal RTOS 17

Formal Synthesis of Optimal RTOS

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2015 IEEE 17th international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： Kabland, Toussaint Gautier Tigori Bechennec, Jean-Luc Roux, Olivier Henri IRCCyN CNRS UMR 6597 1Rue Noe BP92101 F-44321 Nantes 3 France

ISBN: (纸本)9781479989379

the adaptation of an operating system to an application is often needed to optimize the embedded code. Adaptation consists in removing the unneeded operating systems services and the dead code according to applications requirements. the resulting stripped operating system is smaller, safer and has better performance. this adaptation is usually done by hand for each application. As a result some dead code may remain unnoticed. the verification and the certification of the adapted operating system is difficult too: for each adaptation to an application, the certification must be redone and for the verification, a new model has to be designed with the well known gap problem between the model and the actual software. In this paper, we present a new approach based on formal methods to synthesize an Application-Specific real-time Operating System. Instead of removing services from the source code of an existing operating system, a formal model is used. All the functions of the operating system with the full control flow and control variables are modeled. According to an application model, unneeded services and part of control flow are removed from the model by using a reachability analysis. this guarantees no dead code remains. Moreover some properties may be checked on the pruned model to ensure the application behaves as expected. At last, the corresponding source code is generated from the model.

关键词： certification formal verification operating systems (computers) reachability analysis source code (software) application model application-specific real-time operating system control flow control variables embedded code formal synthesis method operating system certification operating system verification optimal RTOS source code stripped operating system Adaptation models Automata Cost accounting Memory management Object oriented modeling Operating systems real-time systems Formal Methods real-time Operating systems Synthesis reachability analysis Operating systems Source code real time operating system Object oriented modeling cost accounting certification Store management Formal verification real-time systems Automata embedded encoding synthesis

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real-time Data Reduction at the Network Edge of Internet-of-things systems 11

Real-Time Data Reduction at the Network Edge of Internet-of-...

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11th international conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM)

作者： Papageorgiou, Apostolos Cheng, Bin Kovacs, Ernoe NEC Labs Europe Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783901882777

the expected huge increase in the number of IoT data sources (sensors, embedded systems, personal devices etc.) will give rise to network-edge computing, i.e., data pre-processing, local storage, and filtering close to the data sources. Specifically, data reduction at the network edge (e.g., on an IoT gateway device or a mini-server deployed locally at an IoT area network) can prevent I/O bottlenecks, as well as dramatically reduce storage, bandwidth, and energy costs. However, current solutions face two main obstacles towards achieving this benefits of network-edge computing. Firstly, the most efficient algorithms for data reduction of time series (which is one of the prevailing kinds of data in IoT) are developed to work a posteriori upon big datasets and they cannot take decisions per incoming data item. Secondly, the state of the art lacks systems that can apply any of many different possible data reduction methods without adding significant delays or heavyweight re-configurations. this paper presents a solution that automates the switching between different data handling algorithms at the network edge, including an analysis of adjusted data reduction methods, as well as three flavors of a new algorithm that is capable of performing real-time reduction of incoming time series items based on the concept of Perceptually Important Points. the potential benefits are evaluated upon real datasets from street, household, and robot sensors, showing that our solution achieves accuracies between 76,1 % and 93,8 % despite forwarding only 1/3 of the data items, without adding significant forwarding delays.

关键词： Data reduction

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real-time parallel implementation of road traffic radar video processing algorithms on a parallel architecture based on DSP and ARM processors 15

Real-time parallel implementation of road traffic radar vide...

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15th international conference on Intelligent systems Design and applications (ISDA)

作者： Klilou, Abdessamad Bourzeix, Francois Bourja, Omar Zennayi, Yahya Mabrouk, Lhoussein Belkouch, Said Moroccan Fdn Adv Sci Innovat & Res MAScIR Embedded Syst Dept Rabat Morocco Univ Cadi Ayyad Ecole Natl Sci Appl Marrakech Morocco

ISBN: (纸本)9781467387095

Machine vision algorithms require high-computing power. A high performance parallel system has been proposed in this paper by implementing a road traffic radar video processing chain in real-time on a new embedded architecture. the proposed machine consists of the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 66AK2H12 from Texas Instruments (TI). the goal of this paper is the estimation of the vehicles number, speeds and classification through an optimal exploitation of the parallel architecture based on DSP and ARM cores and high speed buses used in the video acquisition and processing.

关键词： road traffic radar video processing real-time processing parallel architecture

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An Improved Dynamic Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm Based on a Variant Quantum time 11

An Improved Dynamic Round Robin Scheduling Algorithm Based o...

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11th international Computer Engineering conference (ICENCO)

作者： Alsheikhy, Ahmed Ammar, Reda Elfouly, Raafat Univ Connecticut Dept Comp Sci & Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA Cairo Univ Fac Engn Dept Comp Engn Giza Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781509002757

In real-time embedded systems, scheduling policy is considered one of the main factors that affect their performance. It helps to choose which task should be selected first from ready queue to run. Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is widely used and its performance highly depends on a Quantum size Qt, which is a predefined amount of time assigned by CPU to every task to be executed. However, the performance degrades with respect to an average waiting time (A WT), an average TurnAround time (ATT) and a number of Context Switches (NCS). this paper presents a new improved dynamic Round Robin scheduling algorithm to reduce the average waiting time, turnaround time and the number of context switches in order to improve the system overall performance. It also presents a comparative analysis between several existing Round Robin algorithms based on the average time for waiting and turn-around and number of context switches.

关键词： Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithms quantum time average waiting time system performance turnaround time context switch real-time embedded systems

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