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A time Petri net approach for finding preruntime schedules in embedded hard real-time systems

A time Petri net approach for finding preruntime schedules i...

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international conference on Distributed computing systems Workshop

作者： R. Barreto S. Cavalcante P. Maciel Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Amazonas Brazil Centro de Informática (CIn) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil

there are two general approaches for scheduling tasks in real-time systems: runtime and preruntime scheduling. However, there are several situations where the runtime approach does not find a feasible schedule even when such a schedule exists. However, finding a feasible schedule is not trivial, because this problem is NP-hard in its general form. the proposed method finds a preruntime scheduling, when one exists, using state space exploration starting from a system formal model. Despite this technique being not new, at the best of our present knowledge, no one tried to use it for finding preruntime scheduling. the main problem with this approach is the space size, which can grow exponentially. this article shows how to minimize this problem. Additionally, the proposed algorithm is a depth-first search method on a labeled transition system derived from a time Petri net model. It is verified through real-world experimental results that the schedule is found examining a reduced number of states.

关键词： real time systems Processor scheduling State-space methods Runtime Scheduling algorithm Space exploration Search methods Computer applications Timing Distributed computing

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GeneralStore - a CASE-tool integration platform enabling model level coupling of heterogeneous designs for embedded electronic systems

GeneralStore - a CASE-tool integration platform enabling mod...

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international conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based systems

作者： C. Reichmann M. Kiihl P. Graf K.D. Muller-Glaser ITIV University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

the integration platform GeneralStore is a tool that assists an integrated development process starting with a model and ending with executable code. the software features coupling of subsystems from different modeling domains on model level. From the coupled model it generates a running prototype by code generation. In addition to object-oriented system modeling for software components in embedded systems, it supports time-discrete and time-continuous modeling concepts. the Unified Modeling Language (UML) metamodel is used for storing CASE data in a meta object facility (MOF) object repository whereas XML metadata interchange format (XMI) is used to interchange this data with UML-CASE-tools. the CASE-tool chain we present in this paper further supports concurrent engineering including versioning and configuration management. It provides adaptors for the tools MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow and ARTiSAN real-time studio, as well as an importer and exporter of UML/XMI. Utilizing the UML notation for an overall system design cycle, the focus of this paper lies on the coupling of heterogeneous subsystems and on a new code generation and coupling approach.

关键词： Object oriented modeling Mathematical model Unified modeling language Software prototyping Prototypes embedded software Software systems embedded system Computer aided software engineering XML

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An embedded real-time vision system for 24-hour indoor/outdoor car-counting applications

An embedded real-time vision system for 24-hour indoor/outdo...

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international conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Ming-Yee Chiu R. Depommier T. Spindler Setrix Inc. Princeton NJ USA Setrix AG Munich Germany

We describe an embedded vision system, which integrates a Web-cam quality CMOS imaging chip with a RISC processor, to perform real-time car-counting functions in the indoor and outdoor environment. the challenge of this application, especially for the outdoor environment, is to develop vision algorithms for day and night, and during the light-transition periods (i.e., dawn and dusk). the vision system also needs to accommodate a tremendous range of illumination change (from sunny summer to snowy winter). Finally, we report briefly the result of an outdoor system we deployed in Germany since June 2003. the entire system consists of a network of 13 embedded vision systems covering a parking facility over 1 square kilometer. the vision-network has been in daily use for the employee parking guidance.

关键词： real time systems Machine vision Cameras Bicycles Motorcycles Computer architecture Object detection CMOS process Reduced instruction set computing Lighting

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An energy-efficient route maintenance scheme for ad hoc networking systems

An energy-efficient route maintenance scheme for ad hoc netw...

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9th international conference on real-time and embedded computing systems and applications, RTCSA 2003

作者： Ou, DongXiu Lam, Kam-Yiu Dong, DeCun Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong Institute of Traffic Information Engineering Tong Ji University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9783540246862

Although in recent years many excellent works have been done on resolving the routing problem in ad hoc networking systems, the energy issue in route maintenance has been greatly ignored. Due to movement of mobile hosts, the energy consumption rate of a route may change with time. In this paper, we propose the distance-based route maintenance (DBRM) scheme in which a handoff mechanism is designed for switching the nodes in route maintenance to minimize the energy consumption rate. In addition, in DBRM, mobile hosts in a group may switch between different states of operations to conserve energy. In the simulation experiments, we have shown that the amount of energy conserved from using DBRM is significantly larger than both the IEEE standard 802.11 with fixed listen interval, and the power management scheme using GAF with random listen interval. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： IEEE Standards

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Motion capture from inertial sensing for untethered humanoid teleoperation

Motion capture from inertial sensing for untethered humanoid...

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IEEE-RAS international conference on Humanoid Robots

作者： N. Miller O.C. Jenkins M. Kallmann M.J. Mataric Department of Computer Science California State University Bakersfield CA USA Center of Robotics Embedded Systems Interaction Laboratory Los Angeles CA USA

We describe the design of a modular system for untethered real-time kinematic motion capture using sensors with inertial measuring units (IMU). Our system is comprised of a set of small and lightweight sensors. Each sensor provides its own global orientation (3 degrees of freedom) and is physically and computationally independent, requiring only external communication. Orientation information from sensors is communicated via wireless to host computer for processing. We present results of the real-time usage of our untethered motion capture system for teleoperating the NASA Robonaut. We also discuss potential applications for untethered motion capture with respect to humanoid robotics.

关键词： real time systems Sensor systems Kinematics Sensor phenomena and characterization Measurement units Motion measurement Physics computing Wireless sensor networks Wireless communication NASA

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the networked photo-enforcement and traffic monitoring system Unicam

The networked photo-enforcement and traffic monitoring syste...

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international conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based systems

作者： O. Fucik P. Zemcik P. Tupec L. Crha A. Herout Faculty of Information Technology Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic

the presented system (Unicam) offers a complex state-of-the-art machine vision equipment and technology to provide automated video image vehicle detection devices dedicated for traffic monitoring applications. the system provides real time video image capturing, digital signal processing, compression, storage, and transmission over communication interfaces. It uses proprietary artificial intelligence algorithms and special image processing modules to achieve highly accurate vehicles detection. According to the users' needs, the system can be used for detection of red-light violations at road intersections, speed measurement, traffic data collection, video recording, or surveillance. Yet another possible application of the system is surveys based on license plate recognition for transportation engineers, stolen car searching, or toll-tag data collection. the system functionality has been improved by coupling camera sensors with specialized real-time processing units and adding networking capability. Implementation of video detection algorithms, hardware design units, and networking features are also discussed.

关键词： Telecommunication traffic Vehicle detection Video compression real time systems Image storage Machine vision Computerized monitoring Condition monitoring Digital signal processing Image coding

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On computing maximum likelihood phylogeny using FPGA 14th

On computing maximum likelihood phylogeny using FPGA

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14th international conference on Field Programmable Logic and applications, FPL 2004

作者： Mak, Terrence S. T. Lam, K.P. Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)3540229892

Phylogenetic tree (or phylogeny) is a meaningful tree representation for the evolutionary history of different organisms that it has been shown useful in drug discovery, virus identification and functional genomic study [1]. the objective of this project is to develop efficient FPGA implementations for phylogenetic tree reconstruction algorithms. By taking advantage of hardware high-performance, we explore the possibilities of parallelization and system optimization to provide high-speed acceleration for the phylogeny inference. the Maximum Likelihood approach for inferring the phylogeny from molecular data has received much attention [2]. Although the optimal ML phylogenetic tree search problem is classified as NP-hard and it is difficult to find the optimal solution, the GAML algorithm (based on Genetic Algorithm and Maximum Likelihood) has been shown to find a good near-optimal solution in reasonable time [3]. In [4], we have shown that using HW/SW (Hardware/ Software) codesign for GAML implementation can provide significant speed-up when compared with software-only implementation. Our HW/SW system has good potential for handling large scale problems in real applications. In [5], an enhanced version of FPGA design with parallel and pipelined implementation for the likelihood evaluation is proposed. It has been shown 100 times faster than the single-CPU solution for the ML tree evaluation. To reduce precision loss attributed to truncation error in the FPGA, we are developing a dynamic floating-point alike structure based on the fixed-point architecture. We have also studied the implementation of phylogenetic tree reconstruction algorithm in the embedded platform (i.e. VirtexII-Pro Platform FPGA). Significant improvement in data transmission rate between hardware and software and higher clock frequency of FPGA have been realized [6]. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Improving real-time system configuration via a QoS-aware CORBA component model

Improving real-time system configuration via a QoS-aware COR...

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Annual Hawaii international conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

作者： Nanbor Wang C. Gill Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University Saint Louis MO USA

A fundamental tension exists in systems research and practice between (1) hiding extraneous details to simplify the system programming model, and (2) revealing crucial details to allow better customization to particular application requirements, data characteristics, or other constraints. For many modern systems, such as distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems and multimedia applications, this tension is even stronger: the correctness of the system depends not only on functional behavior (e.g., correctness of interfaces and the algorithms behind them) but also on quality of service (QoS) properties such as CPU speeds, frame rates, and end-to-end timeliness requirements. Satisfying both the functional and QoS requirements of modern applications running in various run-time environments requires programming models that can allow selective visibility and reconfigurability of key details in both the application and the services it uses. Although prior research and practice has focused on decoupling system properties from the application logic to facilitate modification at different points in the system life-cycle, some system properties cross-cut both (1) multiple layers (application and supporting infrastructure) and (2) multiple configuration phases in the system lifecycle. To date, there has been little support for configuring such cross-cutting concerns in a systematic and standardized way across different kinds of applications. this has resulted historically in laborious and ad hoc hand-customization of systems to meet real-world constraints, especially for DRE systems. However, the convergence of model-integrated computing with component-oriented middleware in the DRE middleware research community offers a new opportunity for automated coordination of system modifications at different layers and at different points in the system lifecycle, to meet application requirements end-to-end. We are extending the component-integrated ACE ORB (CIAO), to provide a un

关键词： real time systems Quality of service Middleware Multimedia systems Runtime environment Functional programming Reconfigurable logic Logic programming Convergence Aerospace electronics

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A learnable self-feedback ratio-memory cellular nonlinear network (SRMCNN) for associative memory applications

A learnable self-feedback ratio-memory cellular nonlinear ne...

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IEEE international conference on Electronics, Circuits and systems (ICECS)

作者： Jui-Lin Lai Chung Yu Wu Nanoelectronics and Giga-Scale Systems Laboratory Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics National Chiao Tung University Taiwan Department of Electronics Engineering National United University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780387155

A self-feedback ratio-memory cellular nonlinear network (SRMCNN) with the B template and modified Hebbian learning algorithm to learn and recognize image patterns is proposed and analyzed. In this SRMCNN, the coefficients of space-variant B templates are determined from the exemplar patterns during the learning period. the weights are the ratio of the absolute summation of its neighborhood weights in the B templates stored in the associative memory. the SRMCNN can recognize the learned patterns with distinct white-black noise and output the correct patterns. Matlab and HSPICE software have simulated the operation of the proposed SRMCNN. It is shown that the 18/spl times/18 SRMCNN can successfully learn and recognize 8 incompletely noisy patterns. As compared to other learnable CNN as associative memories, the proposed SRMCNN could improve pattern learning and recognition capability. the architecture can be implemented in nano-CMOS technology for a giga-scale learning system in real-time applications.

关键词： Cellular networks Associative memory Pattern recognition Hebbian theory Image recognition Image analysis Pattern analysis Algorithm design and analysis Cellular neural networks Computer architecture

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Ubiquitous sensors based human behavior modeling and recognition using a spatio-temporal representation of user states

Ubiquitous sensors based human behavior modeling and recogni...

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international conference on Advanced Information Networking and applications (AINA)

作者： Y. Isoda S. Kurakake H. Nakano Multimedia Laboratories NTT DoCoMo Inc. Japan

there has been much research on user activity assistance applications using the location of users and objects as context. However people's activities are described in terms of time sequence aspect in addition to location aspect. therefore, it is important for enhanced user activity support systems to consider the user's context in terms of spatio-temporal constraints. In this paper, we propose a user activity assistance system that employs a state sequence description scheme to describe the user's contexts. In this scheme, each state is described as a spatio-temporal relationship between the user and objects in the real world. Typical sets of states are stored as models of tasks performed by a user. To try out this system, we have developed an experimental house containing various embedded sensors and RFID-tagged objects. Each state is detected by a decision tree constructed by a C4.5 algorithm using the output of the sensors and the RFID tags. the user's context is obtained by matching the detected state series to a task model. Having evaluated the performance of the proposed system in this experimental house, we conclude that our system is an effective way of acquiring the user's spatio-temporal context.

关键词： Humans Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems RFID tags Laboratories Decision trees Context modeling Ubiquitous computing Pervasive computing Context-aware services

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