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Extracting temporal properties from real-time systems by automatic tracing analysis

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9th international conference on real-time and embedded computing systems and applications

作者： Terrasa, A Bernat, G Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Sistemas Informat & Comp Valencia Spain Univ York Dept Comp Sci Real Time Syst Res Grp York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England

ISBN: (纸本)3540219749

Statically analyzing real-time systems normally involves a high degree of pessimism, but it is necessary in systems requiring 100% guarantee. However, lots of less critical systems would significantly benefit from combining such static analysis with empirical tests. Empirical tests are based on observing the system at run time and extracting information about its temporal behavior. In this sense, this paper presents a generic and extensible framework that permits the extraction of temporal properties of real-time systems by analyzing their run-time traces. the analysis is based on event-recognition finite state machines that compute the temporal properties with a computational cost of O(1) per observed event in most of the cases. the framework is instantiated in order to extract some typical temporal properties (such as computation time or response time of tasks), which can serve as a template to define new ones. Finally, the paper also shows how the framework can be implemented on a real system, exclusively using state-of-the-art technology;in particular, the Trace and real-time Extensions of the POSIX standard.

关键词： real time systems

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Linking multimedia presentations with their symbolic source documents: Algorithm and applications

Linking multimedia presentations with their symbolic source ...

引用

2003 Multimedia conference - Proceedings of the 11th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM'03

作者： Erol, Berna Hull, Jonathan J. Lee, Dar-Shyang RICOH Innovations Inc. California Research Center 2882 Sand Mill Road Menlo Park CA 94025

An algorithm is presented that automatically matches images of presentation slides to the symbolic source file (e.g., PowerPoint™ or Acrobat™) from which they were generated. the images are captured either by tapping the video output from a laptop connected to a projector or by taking a picture of what's displayed on the screen in a conference room. the matching algorithm extracts features from the image data, including OCR output, edges, projection profiles, and layout and determines the symbolic file that contains the most similar collection of features. this algorithm enables several unique applications for enhancing a meeting in real-time and accessing the audio and video that were recorded while a presentation was being given. these applications include the simultaneous translation of presentation slides during a meeting, linking video clips inside a PowerPoint file that show how each slide was described by the presenter, and retrieving presentation recordings using digital camera images as queries.

关键词： Multimedia systems

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Acquiring and incorporating state-dependent timing requirements 11

Acquiring and incorporating state-dependent timing requireme...

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11th IEEE international Requirement Engineering conference

作者： Shih, CS Liu, JWS Univ Illinois Dept Comp Sci Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769519806

Some real-time systems are designed to deliver services to objects that are controlled by external sources. their services must be delivered on a timely basis, and the system fails when some services are delivered too late. Such a System may fail if the timing requirements which it is designed to meet are erroneous. It may under-utilize resources and, consequently, be costly or unreliable if the requirements are too stringent. In general, the timing requirements of the system may change when the states of the objects monitored by the system change. Hence, one must identify how changes in object states call for changes in system requirements and how these changes should be incorporated in the design and implementation of the system. this paper first describes a methodology to determine timing requirements and to take into account of requirement changes at runtime. the method is based on several timing requirement determination schemes. Simulation data show that these schemes are effective for applications such as mobile IP hand-offs. the paper then discusses how to incorporate this methodology in the design of such systems and in the development process.

关键词： Computer science Condition monitoring Control systems Design methodology Job design real time systems Road accidents Runtime time factors Timing

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Database pointers:: A predictable way of manipulating hot data in hard real-time systems

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9th international conference on real-time and embedded computing systems and applications

作者： Nyström, D Tesanovic, A Norström, C Hansson, J Malardalen Univ Dept Comp Engn Eskilstuna Sweden Linkoping Univ Dept Comp Sci S-58183 Linkoping Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)3540219749

Traditionally, control systems use ad hoc techniques such as shared internal data structures, to store control data. However, due to the increasing data volume in control systems, these internal data structures become increasingly difficult to maintain. A real-time database management system can provide an efficient and uniform way to structure and access data. However the drawback with database management systems is the overhead added when accessing data. In this paper we introduce a new concept called database pointers, which provides fast and deterministic accesses to data in hard real-time database management systems compared to traditional database management systems. the concept is especially beneficial for hard real-time control systems where many control tasks each use few data elements at high frequencies. Database pointers can co-reside with a relational data model, and any updates made from the database pointer interface are immediately visible from the relational view. We show the efficiency with our approach by comparing it to tuple identifiers and relational processing.

关键词： Data structures

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Flexible real-time Block Transfer Protocols 16

Flexible Real-Time Block Transfer Protocols

引用

16th international conference on Parallel and Distributed computing systems, PDCS 2003

作者： Neilsen, Mitchell L. Department of Computing and Information Sciences Kansas State University 234 Nichols Hall ManhattanKS66506 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618398161

Controller Area Network (CAN) is a serial communications protocol for transmitting short control messages in a real-time embedded system [1]. For larger messages, several higher-level protocols have been proposed. these higher-level protocols generally assign the same fixed priority to all frames in a given message (block). this paper presents a more flexible class of block transfer protocols that allows individual frames within a block to be assigned different priorities. the feasibility of many message sets can be improved by using these new protocols. this paper also presents an algorithm to test the feasibility of any given message set and evaluates the improvement in performance based on the number of priority levels. © PDCS 2003. All rights reserved.

关键词： real time systems

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Supporting timeliness and accuracy in distributed real-time content-based video analysis

Supporting timeliness and accuracy in distributed real-time ...

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2003 Multimedia conference - Proceedings of the 11th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM'03

作者： Eide, Viktor S. Wold Eliassen, Frank Granmo, Ole-Christoffer Lysne, Olav University of Oslo P.O. Box 1080 Blindern N-0314 Oslo Norway Simula Research Laboratory P.O. Box 134 N-1325 Lysaker Norway Agder University College Grooseveien 36 N-4876 Grimstad Norway

real-time content-based access to live video data requires content analysis applications that are able to process the video data at least as fast as the video data is made available to the application and with an acceptable error rate. Statements as this express quality of service (QoS) requirements to the application. In order to provide some level of control of the QoS provided, the video content analysis application must be scalable and resource aware so that requirements of timeliness and accuracy can be met by allocating additional processing resources. In this paper we present a general architecture of video content analysis applications including a model for specifying requirements of timeliness and accuracy. the salient features of the architecture include its combination of probabilistic knowledge-based media content analysis with QoS and distributed resource management to handle QoS requirements, and its independent scalability at multiple logical levels of distribution. We also present experimental results with an algorithm for QoS-aware selection of configurations of feature extractor and classification algorithms that can be used to balance requirements of timeliness and accuracy against available processing resources. Experiments with an implementation of a real-time motion vector based object-tracking application, demonstrate the scalability of the architecture.

关键词： real time systems

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Introducing temporal analyzability late in the lifecycle of complex real-time systems

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9th international conference on real-time and embedded computing systems and applications

作者： Wall, A Andersson, J Neander, J Norström, C Lembke, M Malardalen Univ Dept Comp Engn Vasteras Sweden ABB Robot Vasteras Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)3540219749

Many industrial real-time systems have evolved over a long period of time and were initially so simple that it was possible to predict consequences of adding new functionality by common sense. However, as the system evolves the possibility to predict the consequences of changes become more and more difficult unless models and analysis method can be used. In this paper we describe our approach to re-introducing analyzability into a complex real-time control system at ABB Robotics. the system consists of about 2 500 000 lines of code. Traditional real-time models and analyses, e.g. fixed priority analysis, were not applicable on this large and complex real-time system since the models are too simple for describing the system's behavior accurately, and the analyses are too pessimistic. the proposed method is based on analytical models and discrete-event based simulation of the system behavior based on these models. the models describe execution times as statistical distributions which are measured and calculated in the existing system. Simulation will not only enable models with statistical execution times, but also correctness criterion other than meeting deadlines, e.g. non-empty communication queues. Having accurate system models enable analysis of the impact on the temporal behavior of, e.g. customizing or maintaining the software. the case study presented in the paper shows the feasibility of the method. the method presented is applicable to a large class of complex real-time systems.

关键词： real time control

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OVL assertion-checking of embedded software with dense-time semantics

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9th international conference on real-time and embedded computing systems and applications

作者： Wang, F Yu, F Natl Taiwan Univ Dept Elect Engn Taipei 10764 Taiwan Acad Sinica Inst Informat Sci Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)3540219749

OVL (Open Verification Library) is designed to become a standard assertion language of the EDA (Electronic Design Automation) industry and has been adopted by many companies. With OVL, verification process can blended seamlessly into the development cycles of complex systems. We investigate how to use OVL assertions for the verification of dense-time concurrent systems. We have designed a C-like language, called TC (timed C), for the description of real-time system with OVL assertions between code lines. We explain how to translate TC programs into optimized timed automata, how to translate OVL assertions into TCTL (timed Computation-Tree Logic) formulae, and how to analyze assertions when not satisfied. the idea is realized in our translator RG (RED Generator). In addition, we have developed several new verification techniques to take advantage of the information coming with OVL assertions for better verification performance. the new techniques have been incorporated in our high-performance TCTL model-checker RED 4.0. To demonstrate how our techniques can be used in industry projects, we report our experiments with the L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Layer Protocol) of Bluetooth specification.

关键词： assertions specification state-based event-driven model-checking verification

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Deterministic and statistical deadline guarantees for a mixed set of periodic and aperiodic tasks

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9th international conference on real-time and embedded computing systems and applications

作者： Ryu, M Hong, S Hanyang Univ Coll Informat & Commun Seoul 133791 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Seoul 151742 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)3540219749

Current hard real-time technologies are unable to support a new class of applications that have real-time constraints but with dynamic request arrivals and unpredictable resource requirements. We propose two new admission control approaches to address this problem. First, we present an efficient schedulability test;called utilization demand analysis, to handle periodic and aperiodic tasks with deterministic execution times. the utilization demand is defined as the processor utilization required for a mixed task set to meet deadlines with certainty, thus for deterministic deadline guarantees. We show that the utilization demand analysis eliminates the need for complicated schedulability analysis and enables on-line admission control. Second, we present a statistical admission control scheme using effective execution times to handle stochastic execution times. Effective execution times are determined from the deadline miss probability demanded by the application and stochastic properties of task execution tunes. Every task is associated with an effective execution time and is restricted to using processor time not exceeding its effective execution time. this scheme allows every task to meet its deadline with a specified probability without being interfered with, and greatly simplifies the admission control when combined with the utilization demand analysis.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Towards the compositional verification of real-time UML designs

Towards the compositional verification of real-time UML desi...

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9th European Software Engineering conference Held Jointly with 11th ACM SIGSOFT international Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering, ESEC/FSE-11

作者： Giese, Holger Tichy, Matthias Burmester, Sven Schäfer, Wilhelm Flake, Stephan Software Engineering Group University of Paderborn Warburger Str. 100 D-33098 Paderborn Germany Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Fuerstenallee 11 D-33102 Paderborn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1581137435

Current techniques for the verification of software as e.g. model checking are limited when it comes to the verification of complex distributed embedded real-time systems. Our approach addresses this problem and in particular the state explosion problem for the software controlling mechatronic systems, as we provide a domain specific formal semantic definition for a subset of the UML 2.0 component model and an integrated sequence of design steps. these steps prescribe how to compose complex software systems from domain-specific patterns which model a particular part of the system behavior in a well-defined context. the correctness of these patterns can be verified individually because they have only simple communication behavior and have only a fixed number of participating roles. the composition of these patterns to describe the complete component behavior and the overall system behavior is prescribed by a rigorous syntactic definition which guarantees that the verification of component and system behavior can exploit the results of the verification of individual patterns. © 2003 ACM.

关键词： embedded systems

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