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5th Int. Workshop on Feature-Oriented Software Development, FOSD 2013 - Co-located with 12th Int. Conf. on generative programming: concepts and experiences, GPCE 2013 and the ACM SIGPLAN Conf. SPLASH 2013

作者： Schulze, Sandro Lochau, Malte Brunswig, Saskia TU Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321686

Software product lines (SPL) gain momentum as a mean for developing and managing a set of related software systems under one umbrella. While intensive research on design and implementation of SPLs exist, the consequences of continuous evolution over time such as a decay of design or implementation have been neglected so far. In this context, refactoring has been shown to be an appropriate mean for improving the structure of source code. In this paper, we provide support for fine-grained program refactoring of feature-oriented SPLs. Particularly, we extend existing, object-oriented refactorings by taking the additional dimension of variability into account. To this end, we present the tool VAmPiRE as a basic framework for such refactorings and explain our considerations during implementation, which has been mainly guided by the idea of decomposing refactorings for ease and understandability. Additionally, we provide a detailed discussion about problems and limitations we faced during the implementation and come up with future challenges that have to be tackled for reliable and automated refactoring of software product lines. Copyright 2013 ACM.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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experiences with a requirements-based programming approach to the development of a NASA autonomous ground control system

Experiences with a requirements-based programming approach t...

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Proceedings - 12th IEEE international conference and Workshops on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, ECS 2005

作者： Rash, James L. Hinchey, Michael G. Gračanin, Denis Rouff, Christopher A. Erickson, John NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Information Systems Division Greenbelt MD United States Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA SAIC Advanced Concepts Business Unit McLean VA 22102 Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin TX

ISBN: (纸本)0769523080

Requirements-to-Design-to-Code (R2D2C) is an approach to the engineering of computer-based systems that embodies the idea of requirements-based programming in system development. It goes further, however, in that the approach offers not only an underlying formalism, but full formal development from requirements capture through to the automatic generation of provably-correct code. As such, the approach has direct application to the development of systems requiring autonomic properties. We describe a prototype tool to support the method, and illustrate its applicability to the development of LOGOS, a NASA autonomous ground control system, which exhibits autonomic behavior. Finally, we briefly discuss other areas where the approach and prototype tool are being considered for application. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Control systems

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Facilitating the development of cross-platform software via automated code synthesis from web-based programming resources

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COMPUTER LANGUAGES SYSTEMS & STRUCTURES 2017年 48卷 3-19页

作者： Chadha, Sanchit Byalik, Antuan Tilevich, Eli Rozovskaya, Alla Virginia Tech Software Innovat Lab Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

When a mobile application is supported on multiple major platforms, its market penetration is maximized. Such cross-platform native applications essentially deliver the same core functionality, albeit within the conventions of each supported platform. Maintaining and evolving a cross-platform native application is tedious and error-prone, as each modification requires replicating the changes for each of the application's platform specific variants. Syntax-directed source-to-source translation proves inadequate to alleviate the problem, as native API access is always domain-specific. In this paper, we present a novel approach Native-2-Native-that uses program transformations performed on one platform to automatically synthesize equivalent code blocks to be used on another platform. When a programmer modifies the source version of an application, the changes are captured. Based on the changes, Native-2-Native identifies the semantic content of the source code block and formulates an appropriate query to search for the equivalent target code block using popular web-based programming resources. the discovered target code block is then presented to the programmer as an automatically synthesized target language source file for further fine-tuning and subsequent integration into the mobile application's target version. We evaluate the proposed method using common native resources, such as sensors, Network access, and canonical data structures. We show that our approach can correctly synthesize more than 74% of iOS code from the provided Android source Code and 91% of Android code from the provided iOS source code. the presented approach effectively automates the process of extracting the source code block's semantics and discovering existing target examples with the equivalent functionality, thus alleviating some of the most laborious and intellectually tiresome programming tasks in modern mobile development. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Recommendation systems Code synthesis Mobile computing Android IOS Java Swift

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Messir: A Text-First DSL-Based Approach for UML Requirements Engineering (Tool Demo) 11

Messir: A Text-First DSL-Based Approach for UML Requirements...

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11th ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE) part of SPLASH conference / 17th international conference on generative programming - concepts and experiences (GPCE)

作者： Ries, Benoit Capozucca, Alfredo Guelfi, Nicolas Univ Luxembourg Esch Sur Alzette Luxembourg

ISBN: (纸本)9781450360296

this tool paper presents the design and tool-support of Messir, an approach centered on textual domain-specific languages supported by our open-source UML requirements engineering tool, named Excalibur. the novelty of our approach is the actual integration in a single workbench (Excalibur) of textual DSLs richly covering the requirements and analysis phases, i.e. improved use-cases, environment, conceptual and operations models;and the read-only visualisation of the requirements with UML-compliant views;and the generation of scientific requirements analysis documents in LATEX;and the formal simulation of test cases requirements. We designed our Messir language, with a grammar-based approach generating a textual editor, using the XText framework as an Eclipse plugin. Messir DSL's static semantics is defined as a set of validation rules guiding end-users through the requirements analysis phase. Messir DSL's semantics is given as a semi-automatic translation to prolog code. We also generate, from the requirements model elements, read-only graphical views (using the Sirius eclipse plugin) as well as a complete requirements analysis document in LATEX. this approach and tool have been used as a requirements engineering educational tool in several bachelor and master semesters.

关键词： Integrated Workbench generative Approaches Model-Driven Engineering Domain-Specific Languages Requirements Engineering LATEX Prolog

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ACM international conference Proceeding Series

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series

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12th international conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, FDG 2017

ISBN: (纸本)9781450353199

the proceedings contain 79 papers. the topics discussed include: predicting future states in DotA 2 using value-split models of time series attribute data;synthesizing interpretable strategies for solving puzzle games;AI-assisted analysis of player strategy across level progressions in a puzzle game;procedural Zelda: a PCG environment for player experience research;graph grammar-based controllable generation of puzzles for a learning game about parallel programming;deriving tests from OpenWorld mechanics;program synthesis as a generative method;meaning without consequence: virtue ethics and inconsequential choices in games;difficulty influence on motivation over time in video games using survival analysis;understanding Mario: an evaluation of design metrics for platformers;Vixen: interactive visualization of gameplay experiences;SeekWhence a retrospective analysis tool for general game design;AI-based playtesting of contemporary board games;identifying and evaluating successful non-meta strategies in league of legends;getting the GISST: a toolkit for the creation, analysis and reference of game studies resources;the gender and race of pixels: an exploration of intersectional identity representation and construction within Minecraft and its community;and Metagames: on the ontology of games outside of games.

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Bilingual programming: A Study of Student Attitudes and experiences in the African context 24

Bilingual Programming: A Study of Student Attitudes and Expe...

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24th Koli Calling

作者： Tshukudu, Ethel Dodoo, Emma Hermans, Felienne Mudongo, Monkgogi San Jose State Univ San Jose CA 95192 USA Univ Michigan Engn Educ Res E Lansing MI USA Vrije Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Botswana Gaborone Botswana

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710384

Computer science education is expanding rapidly on a global scale, emphasizing the importance of addressing the barriers created by the dominance of English in programming languages to ensure accessible programming resources and support for non-English speakers. this study, employed a mixed methods approach to investigate the impact of bilingual programming in (Setswana and English) on Senior Secondary School students' attitudes and behaviors toward computer science, compared to an English-only approach. We recruited students from 18 Senior Secondary Schools to participate in Botswana's national outreach programming activity using Hedy, a gradual programming language. Students were randomly assigned to use either the bilingual or English-only version of the Hedy platform. We employed the validated Attitudes Towards Computing survey as a pre-and-post-test to assess changes in confidence, enjoyment, usefulness, motivation, and sense of belonging in computer science between the students' programming bilingually versus in English. We also examined behavior patterns in students who were programming bilingually versus in English and included open-ended questions to explore students' experiences with their coding in the native language. the results showed that students in the bilingual group attempted more exercises, suggesting higher engagement. they also demonstrated a better understanding and comfort level by using a wider range of programming concepts and native language variables. Qualitative feedback indicated that many students enjoyed coding in a bilingual environment, finding it easier to understand concepts. While all students showed improvements in confidence, enjoyment, and motivation after the programming activities, no significant differences were found between the bilingual and English-only groups in overall attitudes. However, students in the bilingual group reported significantly higher levels of comfort compared to those in the English-only group. these f

关键词： Bilingualism Culture Language programming Broadening Participation K-12

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Create Children's programming Teaching Aids with Chinese Characteristics: Provide a Method Framework to Assist Designers in Designing 8th

Create Children's Programming Teaching Aids with Chinese Cha...

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8th international conference on Learning and Collaboration Technologies (LCT) Held as Part of the 23rd international conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Zhu, Zhijuan Miao, Xinjun Qin, Yan Pan, Wenzhen Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mech Sci & Engn Wuhan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030778880;9783030778897

China is gradually deepening its education reform. Children's programming education in STEAM education has caused widespread concern, however, there is no corresponding method for teaching aids design. In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive review of literatures on the development and application of STEAM education in China and globally. After analyzing current situation of children's programming education in China, primary design principles of children's programming teaching aids are summarized. Service design theory was utilized during the research. Five elements of the children's programming curriculum system were summarized and design method of children's programming teaching aids were proposed with analyzing the common points of service design and children's programming courses. this research integrated service design concepts into children's programming education, summarized design methods of Chinese children's programming aids through the relationship of five elements including people, media, scenes, actions, and goals. In addition, this research proposed a new design framework named "Children - Technology - Traditional culture - Children". the results have positive value for improving the current homogenization of the Chinese programming market, and can promote the emergence of more children's programming teaching aids with Chinese characteristics.

关键词： Teaching aids design Chinese characteristics Service design Children programming STEAM

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the Students' Perspective on Computational thinking through Flipped Classroom in K-12 programming Course 24

The Students' Perspective on Computational Thinking through ...

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8th international conference on Education and Multimedia Technology, ICEMT 2024

作者： Choi, Wan Chong Chang, Chi In Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology United States Department of Psychology Golden Gate University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798400717611

programming integration into K-12 curricula has become increasingly important in the rapidly evolving educational landscape. Recognizing the need to develop computational thinking among young learners, this study investigated the impact of the flipped classroom approach on computational thinking in K-12 programming courses in Macao, focusing on primary school students' experiences with block-based programmable hardware. Employing a mixed methods research design, it combined quantitative and qualitative analyses to examine how flipped classroom activities-centered around student engagement with material through e-books, videos, and interactive classroom tasks-affected students' understanding and application of computational concepts, practices, and perspectives. Quantitative data were collected using the programming Computational thinking Scale (PCTS), and qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews. the results indicated significant improvements in students' computational concepts and practices, attributed to the advantages of self-study and a stratified approach to task complexity. However, advancements in computational perspectives were less pronounced, highlighting the need for more opportunities for students to refine their presentation skills. the study concluded that the flipped classroom approach, especially with tools like mBlock and Codey-Rocky, effectively nurtured computational thinking in primary school programming courses. It underscored the importance of innovative teaching methods in enhancing students' ability to apply programming concepts in problem-solving and suggested areas for further improvement in educational practices. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Students

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Starting from Scratch: Outcomes of Early Computer Science Learning experiences and Implications for What Comes Next 18

Starting from Scratch: Outcomes of Early Computer Science Le...

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14th ACM Annual international conference on international Computing Education Research (ICER)

作者： Weintrop, David Hansen, Alexandria K. Harlow, Danielle B. Franklin, Diana Univ Maryland College Pk MD 20742 USA UC Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA Univ Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450356282

Visual block-based programming environments (VBBPEs) such as Scratch and Alice are increasingly being used in introductory computer science lessons across elementary school grades. these environments, and the curricula that accompany them, are designed to be developmentally-appropriate and engaging for younger learners but may introduce challenges for future computer science educators. Using the final projects of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students who completed an introductory curriculum using a VBBPE, this paper focuses on patterns that show success within the context of VBBPEs but could pose potential challenges for teachers of follow-up computer science instruction. this paper focuses on three specific strategies observed in learners' projects: (1) wait blocks being used to manage program execution, (2) the use of event-based programming strategies to produce parallel outcomes, and (3) the coupling of taught concepts to curricular presentation. For each of these outcomes, we present data on how the course materials supported them, what learners achieved while enacting them, and the implications the strategy poses for future educators. We then discuss possible design and pedagogical responses. the contribution of this work is that it identifies early computer science learning strategies, contextualizes them within developmentally-appropriate environments, and discusses their implications with respect to future pedagogy. this paper advances our understanding of the role of VBBPEs in introductory computing and their place within the larger K-12 computer science trajectory.

关键词： Elementary Computer Science Education Introductory Computing Curricula Block-based programming Learning

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Look What I Can Do: Acquisition of programming Skills in the Context of Living Labs 41

Look What I Can Do: Acquisition of Programming Skills in the...

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41st IEEE/ACM international conference on Software Engineering - Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET)

作者： Seraj, Mazyar Grosse, Cornelia S. Autexier, Serge Drechsler, Rolf Univ Bremen Inst Comp Sci Bremen Germany DFKI GmbH Cyber Phys Syst Bremen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728110004

there is scientific knowledge about how to teach software programming, and the necessity to foster young learners' interest in computer science is broadly addressed. However, there is a lack of research on how to teach programming skills in a way that increases the learners' interest in the topic. We present a training session for young students, in order to support the acquisition of programming skills and, at the same time, a positive view towards computer science. the programming environment is based on a visual block-based application within a living lab. thus, the abstract concept of software programming is presented within a real context and tightly connected to real experiences. In this training, the learners were introduced to a living lab and to programming concepts in order to acquire basics of programming. Two user studies with 44 7th and 8th grade students were conducted, specifically, the students' interest in computer science and their acquisition of programming skills were assessed. Two instructional interventions to support knowledge acquisition, namely worked examples and instructional procedures, were compared. the results did not strongly support one of these instructional interventions, thus, both seem to be appropriate in order to help learners to acquire basic programming skills. In sum, the results show that the tight connection of the training session to a real-world scenario can foster programming skills. this paper contributes by showing the potential of using visual block-based programming in the context of living labs in order to enable students to begin with programming activities.

关键词： smart living lab visual block-based programming acquisition of programming skills training sessions software programming activities K-12 education

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