Deontic logicprogramming (DLP) is a framework combining deontic logic and non-monotonic logicprogramming, and it is useful to represent and reason about normative systems. In this paper we propose an implementation ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450319935
Deontic logicprogramming (DLP) is a framework combining deontic logic and non-monotonic logicprogramming, and it is useful to represent and reason about normative systems. In this paper we propose an implementation for reasoning in DLP that combines, in a modular way, a reasoner for deontic logic with a reasoner for stable model semantics.
Our work is driven by the hypothesis that for a program to answer questions, explain the answers, and engage in a dialog just like a human does, it must have an explicit representation of knowledge. Such explicit repr...
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Our work is driven by the hypothesis that for a program to answer questions, explain the answers, and engage in a dialog just like a human does, it must have an explicit representation of knowledge. Such explicit representations occur naturally in many situations such as engineering designs created by engineers, a software requirement created in unified modeling language or a process flow diagram for a manufacturing process. Automated approaches based on natural language processing have progressed on tasks such as named entity recognition, fact extraction and relation learning. Use of automated methods can be problematic in situations where the conceptual distinctions used by humans for reasoning are not directly expressed in natural language or when the representation must be used to drive a high fidelity simulation. In this paper, we report on our effort to systematically curate a knowledge base for substantial fraction of text in a biology textbook [26]. While this experience and the process is interesting on its own, three aspects can be especially instructive for future development of knowledge bases by both manual and automatic methods: (1) Consider imposing a simplifying abstract structure on natural language sentences so that the surface form is closer to the target logical form to be extracted. (2) Adopt an upper ontology that is strongly motivated and influenced by natural language. (3) Develop a set of guidelines that captures how the conceptual distinctions in the ontology may be realized in natural language. Since the representation created by this process has been quite effective for answering questions and producing explanations, it gives a concrete target for what information should be extracted by the automated methods.
A Lightweight, Versatile Gateway Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks enable the Internet of things through their many applications, and as such require multiple, flexible gateway platforms. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479926015
A Lightweight, Versatile Gateway Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks enable the Internet of things through their many applications, and as such require multiple, flexible gateway platforms. Gateways in Wireless Sensor Networks are bulky, difficult to use devices requiring special deployment and extra programming effort. We designed a lightweight, extremely portable, dual-processor USB device with an optional external antenna. Our design proves to be versatile both on the USB side, where it can appear as a serial connection or a wireless network interface, and on the RF side, where it matches the hardware of our wireless sensor platform, and therefore shares much of its codebase. the wireless USB device can be used standalone with any PC, and for extra portability it can be attached to a small Linux device (such as RaspberryPi), making it suitable for any wireless sensor network application, both indoor and outdoor.
During the last seven years several Argentinian national universities have offered (as part of their academic studies and programs) different undergraduate degrees under the denomination of technical degrees. the pers...
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During the last seven years several Argentinian national universities have offered (as part of their academic studies and programs) different undergraduate degrees under the denomination of technical degrees. the personal characteristics of their students are radically different from the traditional academic offer. Students learn by practicing and they comprehend information best by actively doing something withthe information. We ran an experiment with students of a technical degree of web development in a course of programming Introduction using Python. Preliminary findings revealed that their learning styles are mainly active and visual, and learners who are more verbal or have stronger concrete experience obtained higher scores in their tests. they perceive that inductive tasks are easier than deductive and abductive tasks. We also found that those subjects who are more efficient in solving formal inference tasks obtained higher qualifications in their exams. the findings can be useful not only for didactic transposition in teaching courses which take into account the balance of the students' preference but also to develop new instructional methods and software which focus on the cognitive preferences and cognitive process of technicians.
We have realized MCA framework (for Mobile Computing Architecture), allowing the resolution of cases of numerical calculation in a heterogeneous distributed environment. Its features are adaptability and reactivity. T...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781629932101
We have realized MCA framework (for Mobile Computing Architecture), allowing the resolution of cases of numerical calculation in a heterogeneous distributed environment. Its features are adaptability and reactivity. the first facet is to achieve the end of the calculation even if computing resources are not reliable. the second facet means that depending on context, mobile agent can move part of calculation on to other computing resources. Finally, we have mixed mobility and virtual machine use. So, our solution allows developers to use computation codes written with a different programming language (C++, C). Our results validate our approach and provide a showcase for new evaluations.
Cascading processes on a network have been studied in a variety of disciplines, including computer science, biology, sociology, and economics. Much existing work in this area is based on pre-existing models. However, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450319935
Cascading processes on a network have been studied in a variety of disciplines, including computer science, biology, sociology, and economics. Much existing work in this area is based on pre-existing models. However, recent examinations of social networks - both analysis of large data sets and experimental - have indicated that there may be additional factors to consider that are not taken into account by these models. In this paper we introduce MANCaLog, a logical framework designed to describe cascades in complex networks that meets seven desiderata we selected based on a thorough review of the relevant literature. First, the frame- work must consider multiply labeled and weighted nodes and edges. this aspect is due to the fact that cascades in real-world networks do not only seem to depend on topological properties (i.e., an individual adopts a behavior after a certain number of his friends do) but also due to characteristics of that individual as well. Second, time should be explicitly represented, and (third) it should be non-Markovian, meaning that a node may choose to adopt or not adopt a behavior based on any previous time point (not simply the last one). Fourth, there must be some representation of uncertainty. Fifth, we must allow for competing cascades as has been previously done in the classic work of.
this paper describes a proposal which extends Allen's interval algebra by adapting the formalism for dealing with binary relations involving time periods with uncertain boundaries. the extended formalism has been ...
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Markov logic is a knowledge-representation language that allows one to specify large graphical models. However, the resulting large graphical models can make inference for Markov logic a computationally challenging pr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467346498;9780769549057
Markov logic is a knowledge-representation language that allows one to specify large graphical models. However, the resulting large graphical models can make inference for Markov logic a computationally challenging problem. Recently, dual decomposition (DD) has become a popular approach for scalable inference on graphical models. We study how to apply DD to scale up inference in Markov logic. A standard approach for DD first partitions a graphical model into multiple tree-structured subproblems. We apply this approach to Markov logic and show that DD can outperform prior inference approaches. Nevertheless, we observe that the standard approach for DD is suboptimal as it does not exploit the rich structure often present in the Markov logic program. thus, we describe a novel decomposition strategy that partitions a Markov logic program into parts based on its structure. A crucial advantage of our approach is that we can use specialized algorithms for portions of the input problem some of which have been studied for decades, e. g., coreference resolution. Empirically, we show that our program-level decomposition approach outperforms both non-decomposition and graphical model-based decomposition approaches to Markov logic inference on several data-mining tasks.
this study reports experimentally a novel sub-10V 4-bit/cell nanowire silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory cell for use in nonvolatile NAND Flash memories. Applying metallic Schottky barrier source/drain...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467322003
this study reports experimentally a novel sub-10V 4-bit/cell nanowire silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory cell for use in nonvolatile NAND Flash memories. Applying metallic Schottky barrier source/drain in the silicon gate-all-around nanowire SONOS cells enables the multi-level 4-bit/cell SONOS memory to operate at sub-10V gate voltages using efficient electron programming and hole erasing through Fowler-Nordheim mode tunneling. Examples of 2-bit/cell, 3-bit/cell, and 4-bit/cell applications in this Schottky barrier nanowire SONOS memory cell are demonstrated with multi-level electron programming. Reliability characterization confirms these multi-bit cells to operate well after 10K cycling endurance and 125 degrees C high temperature retention stress.
In this paper we focus on logicprogramming based approach to plan recognition in intrusion detection systems. the goal of an intruder is to attack a computer or a network system for malicious reasons and the goal of ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467327091
In this paper we focus on logicprogramming based approach to plan recognition in intrusion detection systems. the goal of an intruder is to attack a computer or a network system for malicious reasons and the goal of the intrusion detection system is to detect the actions of the intruder and warn the network administrator of an impending attack. We show how an intrusion detection system can recognize the plans of the intruder by modeling the domain as a logic program and then reducing the plan recognition problem to computing models of the logic program. this methodology has been used widely for several planning problems and fits very naturally for plan recognition problems. We give an example scenario and show how to model it. Our results are quite satisfactory and we believe that our approach can lead to a generalized solution to plan recognition.
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