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Timing analysis of small aircraft transportation system (SATS)

Timing analysis of small aircraft transportation system (SAT...

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18th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications, RTCSA 2012

作者： Cheng, Albert M.K. Niktab, Homa Walston, Michael Real-Time Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Houston TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330176

the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) protocol, developed at NASA, aims to increase air transportation access for smaller communities and improve the transportation of people, services, and goods by a more effective use of over 5,000 small public airports in the United States. By using model checking and I/O automata, a number of different groups have verified many of the operational properties of SATS. However, none of the published work considers the timing constraints of the protocol, delegating instead to the pilot the responsibility for providing appropriate delays and separation assurance among events. In this paper, we formally specify the delays and the deadlines for the landing component of the protocol for simultaneous approaches of several small aircraft. this helps increase pilot safety for landing in these small airports. Linear real-time Logic (LRTL), a subclass of real-time Logic, and its associated toolset are utilized to analyze and formally verify the timing constraints of the landing component of SATS. In addition, an algorithm for debugging a subset of LRTL models is proposed. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： Air transportation

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Admission control and channel allocation of multi-item requests for real-time data broadcast

Admission control and channel allocation of multi-item reque...

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18th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications, RTCSA 2012

作者： Lv, Jingsong Lee, Victor C.S. Li, Minming Chen, Enhong School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Institute Suzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330176

Owing to its potential to satisfy all outstanding requests for the same data item with a single response, on-demand data broadcast becomes a widely accepted approach to dynamic and scalable wireless information dissemination. In some emerging applications, such as road traffic navigation system, users prefer to request multiple dependent data items at a time. In addition, requests usually have deadline constraints for real-time applications. However, in existing works, clients will not know that their requests cannot be satisfied until the deadlines expire. In this paper, admission control is introduced to data broadcast systems such that clients can be informed in advance in the case that their requests have no hope to be satisfied so that earlier remedial actions can be taken. Furthermore, a matching based allocation scheme is proposed to maximize data sharing among requests in multi-channel architectures. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms have better performance and quality of service (QoS) than traditional algorithms. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： real time systems

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CSS: Conditional state-based scheduling for networked control systems

CSS: Conditional state-based scheduling for networked contro...

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18th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications, RTCSA 2012

作者： Chen, Xi Azim, Akramul Liu, Xue Fischmeister, Sebastian School of Computer Science McGill University Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330176

Modern industrial networked control systems(NCSs) tend to be complicated and have dynamic workload by holding a variety of applications via a shared network. the static network scheduling algorithms fit most NCSs due to their deterministic characteristics and timing guarantees, but they cannot handle dynamic workloads for lack of making on the-fly decisions. the conditional state-based scheduling adds the dynamism in the static scheduling algorithms by automata or more explicitly state chart like formalisms with conditional transitions. In this paper, we propose CSS scheme that applies the conditional state-based scheduling to dynamically schedule different applications in the industrial NCSs. CSS aims at the time-triggered network in the NCSs and uses time division multiple access (TDMA) method to let the applications access the network. To enhance the scalability of the NCSs, we design CSS as a decentralized scheme where each application in NCSs has a local scheduler to make its schedule decisions. Appropriate algorithms are applied to ensure the scheduling decisions made by the local schedulers are consistent and the desired system performance can be achieved. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to the static TDMA used in real-time networks. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： Scheduling

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Shared-page management for improving the temporal isolation of memory reservations in resource kernels

Shared-page management for improving the temporal isolation ...

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18th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications, RTCSA 2012

作者： Kim, Hyoseung Rajkumar, Ragunathan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330176

Memory reservation provides real-time applications with guaranteed memory access to a specified amount of physical memory. However, previous work on memory reservation primarily focused on private pages, and did not pay attention to shared pages, which are widely used in current operating systems. With previous schemes, a real-time application may experience unexpected timing delays from other applications through shared pages that are shared by another process, even though the application has enough free pages in its reservation. In this paper, we describe problems with shared pages in real-time applications, and propose a shared-page management mechanism to enhance the temporal isolation of memory reservations in resource kernels that use resource reservation. the proposed mechanism consists of two techniques, Shared-Page Conservation (SPC) and Shared-Page Eviction Lock (SPEL), each of which prevents timing penalties caused by the seemingly arbitrary eviction of shared pages. the mechanism can manage shared data for inter-process communication and shared libraries, as well as pages shared by the kernel's copy-on-write technique and file caches. We have implemented and evaluated our schemes on the Linux/RK platform, but it can be applied to other operating systems with paged virtual memory. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： Computer operating systems

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real-time Infinite Horizon Adaptive/Predictive Control for Smart Home HVAC applications

Real-Time Infinite Horizon Adaptive/Predictive Control for S...

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17th ieee international conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Short, Michael Univ Teesside Elect & Control Grp Middlesbrough Cleveland England

ISBN: (纸本)9781467347372;9781467347358

the potential benefits that adaptive and predictive control schemes can bring to building environment control applications such as HVAC have been well documented in recent years. One significant drawback of these schemes is that in many cases they require large computational burdens, especially in adaptive situations and when constraints are present. A secondary drawback is the large number of parameters that have to be potentially tuned. As high-bandwidth real-time embedded computing platforms and advanced levels of control knowledge may not be realistic expectations for many users, the applicability of advanced schemes is currently limited for most Smart home applications. In this paper, a prototype infinite-horizon 'plug-and-play' adaptive MPC scheme is presented for input-constrained HVAC applications. the scheme has been optimized for real-time implementation on small, low-cost embedded processors and requires little user preconfiguration. Preliminary hardware-in-the-loop based experimental results indicate good performance of the technique coupled with extremely low overheads.

关键词： HVAC adaptive control embedded systems home automation predictive control

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Low Power Schedule Algorithm for embedded Multimedia applications Basing on Imagine-L Processor

Low Power Schedule Algorithm for Embedded Multimedia Applica...

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14th ieee international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC) / ieee 9th international conference on embedded Software and systems (ICESS)

作者： Cao, Shan Li, Zhaolin Chen, Zhixiang Jiang, Guoyue Wei, Shaojun Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Inst Microelect Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Res Inst Informat Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769547497

the increasing high performance requirement of multimedia applications makes stream processors widely used for multimedia processing acceleration due to the powerful computation. Low power then becomes a critical challenge confronted by stream processors, especially in embedded and real-time situations. In this paper, a low power scheduling algorithm for embedded multimedia applications is proposed, and the H.264 encoding with intra-frame luma prediction is illustrated to demonstrate the schedule efficiency. As the fundamental of the scheduling algorithm, a multi-issued low power processor (Imagine-L) is first introduced which enables both DVFS, DPM techniques and multi-task parallelism. then, a scheme which contains task mapping, V/F scaling and shutdown assignment is proposed for low power schedule. Task dependency, record dependency, task computation intensity and shutdown break-even point are all considered in the proposed algorithm to reduce power dissipation. For experimentation a power model is built for Imagine-L processor. the H.264 encoding application is implemented by the proposed algorithm, where 66% power consumption is reduced compared with the Imagine processor.

关键词： H.264 Schedule Low power Multi-issue DVFS DPM

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Proceedings - 13th ACM/ieee international conference on Grid computing, Grid 2012

Proceedings - 13th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Grid...

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13th ACM/ieee international conference on Grid computing, Grid 2012

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548159

the proceedings contain 24 papers. the topics discussed include: a decentralized periodic replication strategy based on knapsack problem;a distributed cache for Hadoop distributed file system in real-time cloud services;a sequential cooperative game theoretic approach to storage-aware scheduling of multiple large-scale workflow applications in grids;allocating resources for workflows running under authorization control;an adaptive heuristic approach to service selection problems in dynamic distributed systems;automatic SLA matching and provider selection in grid and cloud computing markets;designing and deploying a scientific computing cloud platform;energy-aware scheduling algorithm with duplication on heterogeneous computing systems;minimizing cost of virtual machines for deadline-constrained MapReduce applications in the cloud;and OddCI-Ginga: a platform for high throughput computing using digital TV receivers.

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Supporting low-latency CPS using GPUs and direct I/O schemes

Supporting low-latency CPS using GPUs and direct I/O schemes

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18th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications, RTCSA 2012

作者： Aumiller, Jason Brandt, Scott Kato, Shinpei Rath, Nikolaus Department of Computer Science University of California Santa Cruz CA United States Department of Information Science Nagoya University Nagoya Japan Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330176

Graphics processing units (GPUs) are increasingly being used for general purpose parallel computing. they provide significant performance gains over multi-core CPU systems, and are an easily accessible alternative to supercomputers. the architecture of general purpose GPU systems(GPGPU), however, poses challenges in efficiently transferring data among the host and device(s). Although commodity many core devices such as NVIDIA GPUs provide more than one way to move data around, it is unclear which method is most effective given a particular application. this presents difficulty in supporting latency-sensitive cyber-physical systems (CPS). In this work we present a new approach to data transfer in a heterogeneous computing system that allows direct communication between GPUs and other I/O devices. In addition to adding this functionality our system also improves communication between the GPU and host. We analyze the current vendor provided data communication mechanisms and identify which methods work best for particular tasks with respect to throughput, and total time to completion. Our method allows a new class of real-time cyber-physical applications to be implemented on a GPGPU system. the results of the experiments presented here show that GPU tasks can be completed in 34 percent less time than current methods. Furthermore, effective data throughput is at least as good as the current best performers. this work is part of concurrent development of Gdev, an open-source project to provide Linux operating system support of many-core device resource management. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： real time systems

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ASIP-based Design and Implementation of RSA for embedded systems

ASIP-based Design and Implementation of RSA for Embedded Sys...

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14th ieee international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC) / ieee 9th international conference on embedded Software and systems (ICESS)

作者： Wang, Zhongbo Jia, Zhiping Ju, Lei Chen, Renhai Shandong Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol Shandong Prov Key Lab Software Engn Jinan Shandong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769547497

the RSA public-key cryptosystem is widely used to provide security protocols and services in the network communication. However, design and implementation of the RSA cryptosystem to meet the real-time requirements of embedded applications are challenging issues, due to the computation intensive characteristics of the RSA arithmetic operations and the limited resources in the embedded systems. Various implementation and optimization methods have been proposed for RSA algorithm. However, software execution of RSA on general-purpose processors usually suffers from slow execution speed;while application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) based approaches are lack of flexibility. In this work, we present a systematic design approach of application-specific instruction-set processor(ASIP) for the RSA cryptographic algorithm. We identify and optimize the custom instructions in the RSA algorithm, and extend the instruction set architecture (ISA) of a standard 32-bit RISC processor to accommodate them. We employ the Electronic System Level (ESL) methodology in the development of the proposed ASIP in the Xilinx Virtex5 LX110T FPGA platform. Compared to the original RISC ISA, our extended ASIP achieves approximate 2.69 times performance improvement with only 25.6% more resource required.

关键词： RSA ASIP ESL FPGA

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Memory-aware scheduling of multicore task sets for real-time systems

Memory-aware scheduling of multicore task sets for real-time...

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18th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications, RTCSA 2012

作者： Bak, Stanley Yao, Gang Pellizzoni, Rodolfo Caccamo, Marco University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL United States University of Waterloo Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781467330176

real-time scheduling of memory-intensive applications is a particularly difficult challenge. On a multi-core system, not only is the CPU scheduling an issue, but equally important is the management of mutual interference among tasks caused by simultaneous access to the shared main memory. To confront this problem, we explore real-time schedulers for task sets which adhere to the Predictable Execution Model (PREM). In each PREM-compliant task, execution is divided into phases which retrieve data from main memory, and phases which perform local computation using previously-cached data. In this work, we perform a simulation-based analysis with the goal of determining which schedulers are generally better at scheduling PREM-compliant task sets. We investigate several memory intensive real-time benchmarks from the EEMBC benchmark suite, in order to drive our task set generation parameters. We elaborate on a PREM-complaint task set simulator which we designed specifically to be able to simulate PREM-compliant tasks. the overall best scheduling policy we found, which we call M-LAX, schedules access to memory in a no preemptive fashion according to a least-laxity-first policy. M-LAX outperforms an EDF-based approach, a previously-analyzed TDMA arbitration scheme, and the unscheduled case where tasks interfere when accessing memory. © 2012 ieee.

关键词： Scheduling

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