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16th ieee international conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)

作者： Jin, Hyun-Wook Han, Sanghyun Konkuk Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Seoul 143701 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781457700187

In embedded systems, such as aerospace crafts and automobiles, it is desirable to run several real-time applications of different criticality on a single computing board by exploiting temporal partitioning. the applications, however, are usually developed by different organizations independently. thus providing a seamless way to integrate separate applications on a control board guaranteeing real-time requirements and criticality is a very important issue. In this paper, we suggest a partition model with a mechanism that can decide each partition's period and execution time automatically preserving its criticality level. We show that the suggestion can i) prevent a task in a low-criticality partition preempting a task in a high-criticality partition (i.e., criticality inversion) and ii) provide high system throughput.(1)

关键词： embedded systems Equations Kernel Mathematical model real time systems Scheduling throughput aerospace craft aircraft automobile automobiles control board embedded system embedded systems global scheduling high-criticality partition low-criticality partit

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Implementation of Transparent Network Subsystem for PC Manageability

Implementation of Transparent Network Subsystem for PC Manag...

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1st international Workshop on Cyber-Physical systems, Networks, and applications (CPSNA) held during 17th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Nimura, Kazuaki Ito, Hidenobu Nakamura, Yousuke Guo, Zhaogong Yasaki, Kouich Miura, Takafumi Fujitsu Labs Ltd Nakahara Ku 1-1Kamikodanaka 4 Chome Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan Fujitsu Ltd Nakahara Ku Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545028

By adding a subsystem that provides continuous network service to a host system such as a PC (Personal Computer), even while the host system is sleeping, it is possible to achieve efficient use of the system and energy reduction. Remote management is a typical example. Recently, to maintain network service anytime and anywhere, WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) technology such as 3G (3rd generation mobile telecommunications) has been employed. the design of the subsystem should be independent of the network device in terms of development cost because once modifications are made, they are dependent on a network device;this would lead to extra work being required to use the new network devices and retain the modification. Furthermore, modification to the logic or firmw are of a wireless network device may make re-certification necessary owing to rules and regulations for radio devices. therefore, realization of a method that does not require any modification to wireless network devices, network drivers, and connection software is considered ideal;however, it has not been achieved thus far. In this paper, we propose a unique architecture for a subsystem that overcomes this design issue by introducing two elements to achieve host unaware network service: pseudo-response and bridge functionality for communicating through the subsystem. In general, a highly independent design contributes to processing overhead and tends to degrade performance. Hence, we prototype the subsystem on an ARM7 board and evaluate it using actual 3G network and cloud services. the results show that the proposed technique works transparently, even when the host system uses the network, and the required CPU (Central Processing Unit) frequency is more than 70 MHz. Furthermore, it is confirmed that power reduction of around 60% can be achieved while downloading.

关键词： Device Network SUB-SYSTEM Host systems wireless WAN transparent network Personal computers Extra Work Firmware Energy conservation

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An energy-efficient scheduling algorithm for sporadic real-time tasks in multiprocessor systems

An energy-efficient scheduling algorithm for sporadic real-t...

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13th ieee international Workshop on FTDCS 2011, the 8th international conference on ATC 2011, the 8th international conference on UIC 2011 and the 13th ieee international conference on HPCC 2011

作者： Zhang, Dong-Song Chen, Fang-Yuan Li, Hong-Hua Jin, Shi-Yao Guo, De-Ke National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China School of Computing Science Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada National Laboratory for Information System Engineering School of Information Systems and Management National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545387

As the energy consumption of embedded multiprocessor systems becomes increasingly prominent, the real-time energy-efficient scheduling in multiprocessor systems becomes an urgent problem to reduce the system energy consumption while meeting real-time constraints. For a multiprocessor with independent DVFS and DPM at each processor, this paper proposes an energy-efficient real-time scheduling algorithm named LRE-DVFS-EACH, based on LRE-TL which is an optimal real-time scheduling algorithm for sporadic tasks. LRE-DVFS-EACH utilizes the concept of TL plane and the idea of fluid scheduling to dynamically scale the voltage and frequency of processors at the initial time of each TL plane as well as the release time of a sporadic task in each TL plane. Consequently, LRE-DVFS-EACH can obtain a reasonable tradeoff between the real-time constraints and the energy saving. LRE-DVFS-EACH is also adaptive to the change of workload caused by the dynamic release of sporadic tasks, which can obtain more energy savings. the experimental results show that compared with existing algorithms, LRE-DVFS-EACH can not only guarantee the optimal feasibility of sporadic tasks, but also achieve more energy savings in all cases, especially in the case of high workloads. © 2011 ieee.

关键词： real time systems

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SAGA: Tracking and Visualization of Building Energy

SAGA: Tracking and Visualization of Building Energy

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作者： Buevich, Maxim Rowe, Anthony Rajkumar, Raj Carnegie Mellon Univ Elect & Comp Engn Dept Pittsburgh PA 15217 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769545028

In this paper, we present SAGA, a system for building energy management that provides robust multi-hop wireless sensing, actuation, device management, plotting of historical data and a server backend API to support remote access. Information collected from sensor nodes is stored locally for quick retrieval even if outside network connectivity is lost or unavailable. When network connectivity is available, data is pushed using the eXtensible Message Passing Protocol (XMPP). this enables external server-side archiving of historical events and additional processing as well as secure bi-directional communication from gateways behind firewalls or with dynamic IP address like those found in broadband connected homes. SAGA provides a web interface that allows devices to be easily configured with aliases and grouped together based on sensor type. Individual and groups of sensors can be plotted to show relative comparisons of different sensor values. For example, selecting to plot a group of energy metering devices shows the overall distribution of energy consumption per-device. A local multi-resolution storage system provides optimized access to recent high-resolution data along with quick retrieval of pre-computed long-term averages. SAGA has been deployed in three homes around the Pittsburgh area, collecting data for more than two years.

关键词： Buildings IP networks Internet Logic gates Peer to peer computing Protocols SAGA Sensors Web interface Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks actuation application program interfaces bidirectional communication security building energy management building energy tracking building energy visualization building management systems device management dynamic IP address energy consumption energy consumption energy control energy management systems energy metering devices energy monitoring extensible message passing protocol external server-side archiving firewall gateway historical data plotting historical events local multiresolution storage system message passing network connectivity network servers power meters protocols remote access robust multihop wireless sensing sensor type server backend API telecommunication security tracking wireless sensor networks wireless sensor networks

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real-time Low-Cost Industrial Acquisition System

Real-Time Low-Cost Industrial Acquisition System

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9th ieee international conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Silva, V. Malheiro, T. Mendes, J. A. Cabral, J. Tavares, A. Univ Minho Ctr Algoritmi P-4719 Braga Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781457704345

Industrial systems monitor and control is, in the majority of the cases, implemented using real-time acquisition systems. Since the real-world is analog, there is a growing demand for faster, high resolution, real-time and reliable acquisition systems at very low cost. this paper presents an embedded system designed to tackle the previously listed requirements, thus being able to be used in most of today's industrial systems requiring real-time data acquisition. the prototype developed, requires the co-design of hardware and software, the main difference and the main advantage offered is the added features and functionalities offered by the hardware platform used, such as USB connection (with the required real-time throughput), mass storage capability, database support and Ethernet connection. these features are supported by a Linux OS (uClinux). the embedded system developed is capable of acquiring eight analog channels simultaneously at 250kps for each channel with a 16-bit resolution, taking full advantage of the analog to digital converter (MAX11046). In order to do so several tailored drivers were programmed and added to the Linux kernel. Such a system can be used in many applications requiring real-time acquisition systems (medical, automotive, space exploration, etc).

关键词： Data acquisition embedded systems Ethernet connection Hardware Linux Linux OS Monitoring real time systems USB connection Universal Serial Bus computerised monitoring control engineering computing data acquisition database support embedded system embedded systems industrial control industrial system control industrial system monitoring manufacturing systems production engineering computing prototype development prototypes realtime low cost industrial data acquisition systems uClinux

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Model-driven runtime resource predictions for advanced mechatronic systems with dynamic data structures

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COMPUTER systems SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2011年第6期26卷 505-518页

作者： Henkler, Stefan Oberthuer, Simon Giese, Holger Seibel, Andreas OFFIS Oldenburg EE Architecture Anal & Design Software Engn Grp D-26121 Oldeburg Germany Univ Paderborn Heinz Nixdorf Inst Syst Res Grp D-33098 Paderborn Germany Univ Potsdam Hasso Plattner Insitute Syst Anal & Modeling Grp D-14482 Potsdam Germany

the next generation of advanced mechatronic systems is expected to enhance their functionality and improve their performance by context-dependent behavior. therefore, these systems require to represent information about their complex environment and changing sets of collaboration partners internally. this requirement is in contrast to the usually assumed static structures of embedded systems. In this paper, we present a model-driven approach which overcomes this situation by supporting dynamic data structures while still guaranteeing that valid worst-case execution times can be derived. It supports a flexible resource manager which avoids to operate with the prohibitive coarse worst-case boundaries but instead supports to run applications in different profiles which guarantee different resource requirements and put unused resources in a profile at other applications' disposal. By supporting the proper estimation of worst case execution time (WCET) and worst case number of iteration (WCNI) at runtime, we can further support to create new profiles, add or remove them at runtime in order to minimize the over-approximation of the resource consumption resulting from the dynamic data structures required for the outlined class of advanced systems.

关键词： Model-Driven Engineering Safety Critical systems Dynamic Data Structures Flexible Resource Manager Runtime WCET Analysis

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Model-driven runtime resource predictions for advanced mechatronic systems with dynamic data structures

Model-driven runtime resource predictions for advanced mecha...

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13th ieee international Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented real-time Distributed computing (ISORC)

ISBN: (纸本)9780769540375

关键词： Model-Driven Engineering Safety Critical systems Dynamic Data Structures Flexible Resource Manager Runtime WCET Analysis

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Distributed Smart Cameras for Hard real-time Obstacle Detection in Control applications

Distributed Smart Cameras for Hard Real-Time Obstacle Detect...

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13th international conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision systems (ACIVS) / 5th ACM/ieee international conference on Distributed Smart Cameras (ICDSC)

作者： Guggi, Herwig Rinner, Bernhard Klagenfurt Univ Inst Networked & Embedded Syst Pervas Comp Grp Klagenfurt Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781457717079

this paper describes the integration of distributed image analysis in a smart camera network with a control application. the distributed smart cameras analyze the environment of the controlled object and transfer accurate position and orientation information of all detected obstacles to the controller within guaranteed time bounds. With this information the controller can optimize the trajectory of the load. We present two different approaches for estimating the bounding boxes for detected obstacles and compare their benefits and drawbacks.

关键词： Smart camera networks hard real-time obstacle detection

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timed event systems and automata

Timed event systems and automata

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13th IASTED international conference on Control and applications, CA 2011

作者： Fellah, Abdelaziz Department of Computer Science University of Sharjah Sharjah Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9780889868724

real-time systems often require qualitative and quantitative aspects of time. Consequently such systems must meet high dependability requirements in performing complex interactions in a continuous environment. In this paper, we consider array-connected and tree-connected of interacting real-time machines. We also study the expressiveness of one class of timed event transition systems, called time event alternating automata which are conceptually of particular significance to software model checking, real-time and embedded systems.

关键词： real time systems

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thermal-Aware Scheduling of Critical applications Using Job Migration and Power-Gating on Multi-Core Chips

Thermal-Aware Scheduling of Critical Applications Using Job ...

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Int Joint conference of 10th ieee Int Conf on Trust, Security and Privacy in computing and Communications (TrustCom) / 8th ieee Int Conf on embedded Software and systems (ICESS) / 6th Int Conf on Frontier of Computer Science and Technology (FCST)

作者： Yun, Buyoung Shin, Kang G. Wang, Shige Univ Michigan EECS Dept Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Gen Motors Global R&D Warren MI 48090 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769546001

Multi-core System-on-Chip (SoC) has become a popular execution platform for many embedded real-time systems. As CMOS transistors continue to shrink down to the nanoscale regime, it becomes more susceptible to various reliability threats mainly due to thermal hotspots. To improve the reliability of embedded real-time systems, dynamic thermal management (DTM) is required for mission/safetycritical applications running on a multi-core chip to avoid possible thermal hazards while meeting the applications' timing constraints. In this paper, we propose an efficient runtime thermalaware scheduler (TAS) using job-migration and power-gating techniques to avoid the thermal hotspots on a multi-core chip. Before runtime, the TAS distributes the periodic real-time tasks to cores using the tasks' execution profiles to balance the utilization of functional units on the chip. At runtime, the TAS periodically monitors the core temperatures and triggers one of the following pre-defined thermal management schemes depending on the level of the measured core temperature: (i) migrating jobs running on hot cores to other cooler cores to reduce the workloads on the hot cores, or (ii) turning off hot cores for a certain period of time to cool them down. All tasks' timing constraints are guaranteed during the job migrations and powering cores on/off. Our in-depth evaluation has shown that the proposed TAS can effectively minimize the thermal hotspots on a multi-core chip without violating any application timing constraint.

关键词： job-migration power-gating thermal-aware scheduling

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