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检索条件"任意字段=13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications"

共 2023 条记录，以下是1451-1460 订阅

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Integrating Preemption threshold to Fixed Priority DVS Scheduling Algorithms

Integrating Preemption Threshold to Fixed Priority DVS Sched...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications

作者： Liu Yang Man Lin Laurence T. Yang Dept. of Math Stats and Computer Science St. Francis Xavier University Antigonish Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) is an effective technique to reduce the energy consumption of CMOS powered embedded systems through software control. However, applying fixed priority DVS algorithms introduces increased number of preemptions, which, in turn results in extra time delay and energy cost. Effectively reducing the number of preemptions is therefore required. In this paper, we propose to integrate preemption threshold to fixed priority DVS scheduling algorithms to reduce such negative impact. Two preemption-aware algorithms ccFPPT and FPPT-WDA are studied. Performance evaluations in terms of both energy consumption and the number of preemptions are conducted among different fixed priority DVS algorithms, with or without preemption threshold. the experimental results show that our algorithms with preemption threshold can save up to 60% number of preemptions and 20% energy consumption over existing DVS algorithms.

关键词： Voltage control Scheduling algorithm Energy consumption Dynamic voltage scaling embedded system embedded software Software systems Control systems Delay effects Costs

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Accurately Estimating Worst-Case Execution time for Multi-Core Processors with Shared Direct-Mapped Instruction Caches

Accurately Estimating Worst-Case Execution Time for Multi-Co...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications

作者： Wei Zhang Jun Yan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

In a multi-core processor, different cores typically share the last-level cache, and threads running on different cores may interfere with each other in accessing the shared cache. therefore, multi-core WCET (Worst-Case Execution time) analyzer must be able to safely and accurately estimate the worst-case inter-thread cache interferences, which is not supported by current WCET analysis techniques that mainly focus on analyzing uniprocessors. this paper proposes a novel approach to analyzing the worst-case cache interferences and bounding the WCET for threads running on multi-core processors with shared direct-mapped L2 instruction caches. We propose to use an Extended ILP (Integer Linear Programming) to model all the possible inter-thread cache conflicts, based on which we can accurately calculate the worst-case inter-thread cache interferences and derive the WCET. Compared to a recently proposed multi-core static analysis technique based on control flow information alone, this approach improves the tightness of WCET estimation by 13.7% on average.

关键词： Multicore processing Yarn real time systems Application software Interference Pollution measurement Timing Computer aided instruction Computer applications embedded computing

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Multi-Path Planning for Mobile Element to Prolong the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

Multi-Path Planning for Mobile Element to Prolong the Lifeti...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications

作者： Dakai Zhu Yifeng Guo Ali Saman Tosun University of Texas at San Antonio

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

Mobile elements, which can traverse the deployment area and convey the observed data from static sensor nodes to a base station, have been introduced for energy efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, most existing solutions only plan a single path for the mobile element, which may lead to quick energy depletion for the sensor nodes that are far away from the path. In this paper, for data collection in WSNs, we study the multi-path planning (MPP) problem for the mobile element to prolong the lifetime of WSNs. Observing the intractability of the problem, two MPP heuristic schemes, namely fixed-K and adaptive-K, are proposed. the central idea of these schemes is to plan multiple paths and have the mobile element follow them in turn to balance the energy consumption on individual sensor nodes, thus extending the lifetime of WSNs. the proposed schemes are evaluated through extensive simulations. the results show that, compared to that of the single path solution, the multi-path approaches can extend the lifetime of WSNs by up to four times. Moreover, the adaptive-K scheme treats the sensor nodes more fairly with less variation on their energy consumptions.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Base stations Energy efficiency Energy consumption Mobile computing Batteries real time systems Computer applications Computer networks embedded computing

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Event-based Location Dependent Data Services in Mobile WSNs

Event-based Location Dependent Data Services in Mobile WSNs

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications

作者： Liang Hong Yafeng Wu Sang H. Son Yansheng Lu School of Computer Wuhan University China Department of Computer Science University of Virginia College of Computer Sci. and Tech. Huazhong University of Science and Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

Mobile sensors are widely deployed in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to satisfy emerging application requirements. Specifically, processing location dependent queries in mobile WSNs is still a challenging problem due to sensor mobility. We present an Event-based Location Dependent Query (ELDQ) model that continuously aggregate data in specific areas around mobile sensors of interests to provide event-based location dependent data services to the users. ELDQs generalize several typical query types and are important in many applications. However, existing approaches are incapable of efficiently answering ELDQs. In this paper, we propose a set of techniques to process ELDQs while optimizing system performance. Cost analysis and simulation results indicate that our techniques greatly reduce the cost of processing ELDQs while achieving relatively high accuracy and short response time.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Event detection Aggregates Computer networks embedded computing Costs Application software Delay Robot sensing systems Air pollution

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A Portable and Efficient User Dispatching Mechanism for Multicore systems

A Portable and Efficient User Dispatching Mechanism for Mult...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Tang-Hsun Tu Chih-Wen Hsueh Rong-Guey Chang Embedded System and Wireless Network Laboratory Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan System Software Laboratory Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

In multicore environment, using multiple threads is a common useful approach to improve application performance. Nevertheless, even in many simple applications, the performance might degrade when the number of threads increases. Users usually impute this phenomenon to the overhead of creation or termination of threads. However, in our observation, the more significant effect is the dispatching of threads. We discuss the problems on using threads, and present a novel user dispatching mechanism (UDispatch) that provides controllability in user space to improve application performance. Since user threads cannot directly control system resources, a virtual device is adopted between user space and operating system for portability and efficiency instead of adding new system calls through kernel modification. We also experiment UDispatch through multithreading multimedia applications. the results show that a skipline application speeds up to 111.3% and 111.6% on a 4-core machine and an 8-core machine, respectively, and an optimized H.264/AVC decoder speeds up to 18.4% on a 4-core machine.

关键词： Dispatching Multicore processing Yarn Degradation Controllability Control systems Operating systems Kernel Multithreading Automatic voltage control

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Power-aware Scheduling for Multiple Feasible Interval Jobs

Power-aware Scheduling for Multiple Feasible Interval Jobs

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications

作者： Jian (Denny) Lin Albert M. K. Cheng Department of Computer Science University of Houston

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

time-critical jobs in many real-time applications have more than one feasible interval. Such jobs can be executed in any of their feasible intervals. Given a Multiple Feasible Interval (MFI) job set that is schedulable, energy can be saved by carefully selecting the executing interval for each job. In this paper, we explore the energy minimization problem for real-time systems in which jobs have multiple feasible intervals. the static and dynamic energy management schemes are both investigated to minimize the energy consumption while preserving the system's feasibility. Focusing on the EDF scheduling algorithm, we first study reducing the dynamic power consumption. We show that the static optimal speed assignment problem is NP-Hard and propose a Simulated Annealing (SA) based approach to solve it. then, we develop an on-line greedy algorithm to exploit the runtime slacks by "fetching" the eligible job from a hot spot to execute earlier, thus, reducing the dynamic energy consumption. In addition, a leakage-aware version is discussed to improve the overall energy efficiency as well. Simulation results show that all the proposed schemes can achieve significant improvements on energy efficiency while the system remains schedulable.

关键词： real time systems Energy consumption Processor scheduling Energy efficiency Global Positioning System Navigation Application software Scheduling algorithm Dynamic voltage scaling Voltage control

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Efficient Processing of real-time Multi-item Requests with Network Coding in On-demand Broadcast Environments

Efficient Processing of Real-Time Multi-item Requests with N...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Jun Chen Victor C. S. Lee Cheng Zhan School of Information Management Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

On-demand broadcast is an effective wireless data dissemination technique to enhance system scalability and capability to handle dynamic user access patterns. Traditional on-demand broadcast is under the assumption that only one data item can be retrieved by mobile clients in each time unit. However, the above constraint limits bandwidth utilization and throughput of broadcast systems. In this paper, we consider data broadcast with network coding in real-time on-demand broadcast environments. We analyze the coding problem in on-demand broadcast and transform it into the problem of finding the maximum clique in graph theory. Based on our analysis, a novel algorithm called ADC is proposed. ADC considers both request overlapping and request timing requirement in request scheduling and fully exploits information about clients' cached and requested data items to implement a flexible coding mechanism. the advantages of our proposed algorithm over other traditional and coding assisted broadcast algorithms are shown through simulation results. Our algorithm not only reduces deadline miss ratio of requests, but also utilizes broadcast channel bandwidth efficiently.

关键词： Network coding Broadcasting Bandwidth real time systems time factors Broadcast technology Computer science Information retrieval throughput Graph theory

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A succinct graphical user interface programming model for low-end embedded devices

A succinct graphical user interface programming model for lo...

引用

ieee international Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE)

作者： Masakazu Yoshida AXIS Inc. Nara Japan

Adapting graphical user interface, or GUI, is a promising way for low-end embedded devices to accommodate ever-increasing functions within limited space and to make them accessible for users. However, most of existing GUI tool kits are not suitable for this purpose because their intended targets are desktop computer applications, not embedded systems. Since the user interaction model and resource restrictions of low-end embedded devices are totally different from those of desktop applications, we propose a succinct GUI programming model as an alternative to the one for desktop computers. the proposed model mainly addresses three design issues: conforming to the appropriate interaction model, resource-conscience, and adaptation to crude run-time environments. We implemented MGT, an experimental GUI toolkit based on the proposed programming model, to evaluate the effectiveness of our model.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces embedded system Application software Runtime environment Read-write memory Yarn Dynamic programming Consumer electronics Computer applications embedded computing

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A Probabilistic Approach to Mobile Location Estimation within Cellular Networks

A Probabilistic Approach to Mobile Location Estimation withi...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications

作者： Junyang Zhou Kenneth Man-Kin Chu Joseph Kee-Yin Ng Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

Mobile location estimation is becoming an important value added service for a mobile phone network. It is well-known that GPS can provide an accurate location estimation. But it is also a known fact that GPS does not perform well in urban areas like downtown New York and cities like Hong Kong. Many mobile location estimation approaches based on cellular networks have been proposed to compensate the problem of the lost of GPS signals in providing location services to mobile users in metropolitan areas. Among different kinds of mobile location estimation technologies, only the class of signal strength based algorithm which estimates the location of the Mobile Station (MS) by signal strength received from the nearly Base Stations (BSs) can be applied to different kinds of cellular networks, and therefore, it is a more general solution. In this paper, we design a directional propagation model, the Modified Directional Propagation Model (MDPM), which makes use of a common signal propagation model to perform location estimation. We test MDPM with real data taken in Hong Kong and experimental results show that MDPM outperforms other existing location estimation algorithms among different kinds of terrains and environmental factors.

关键词： Land mobile radio cellular systems Global Positioning System Iterative algorithms Character generation Urban areas Computer networks Mobile computing Base stations FCC Fading

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Temporal symmetry constraints in block matching

Temporal symmetry constraints in block matching

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ieee international Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE)

作者： C. Bartels G. de Haan Eindhovan University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands Philips Research Laboratories Eindhoven Netherlands

Video processing applications such as picture rate conversion depend on accurate and consistent motion estimation. Most motion estimation and optical flow algorithms use some form of spatial regularization to improve consistency, but few perform a temporal regularization based on the symmetry between successive vector fields. Methods that do improve temporal symmetry are often computationally complex. this paper describes a simple implementation of symmetry constraints in a real-time block matching motion estimation algorithm and shows the effect on related occlusion detection methods that are based on forward-backward consistency checks.

关键词： Motion estimation Image motion analysis Motion detection real time systems Consumer electronics Laboratories Computer vision Equations Robustness embedded system

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