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检索条件"任意字段=13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications"

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A Quasi-Static Approach to Minimizing Energy Consumption in real-time systems under Reward Constraints

A Quasi-Static Approach to Minimizing Energy Consumption in ...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： L.A. Cortes P. Eles Zebo Peng Volvo Truck Corporation Gothenburg Sweden Linköping University Linkoping Sweden

In some real-time applications, it is desirable to trade off precision for timeliness. For such systems, considered typically under the imprecise computation model, a function assigns reward to the application depending on the amount of computation allotted to it. Also, many such applications run on battery-powered devices where the energy consumption is of utmost importance. We address in this paper the problem of energy minimization for imprecise-computation systems that have reward and time constraints. We propose a quasi-static (QS) approach that exploits, with low on-line overhead, the dynamic slack that arises from variations in the actual number of execution cycles: first, at design-time, a set of solutions are computed and stored (off-line phase); second, the selection among the precomputed assignments is left for run-time, based on actual values of time and reward (on-line phase)

关键词： Energy consumption real time systems Dynamic voltage scaling Voltage control Computational modeling time factors Runtime Degradation Linear approximation Mirrors

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Finite Horizon QoS Prediction of Reconfigurable Firm real-time Sytems

Finite Horizon QoS Prediction of Reconfigurable Firm Real-Ti...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： M. Amirijoo A. Tesanovic T. Andersson J. Hansson Sang H. Son Department of Computer and Information Science Linköping University Sweden Software Engineering Institute Carnegie Mellon University USA Department of Computer Science University of Virginia USA

Updating real-time system software is often needed in response to errors and added requirements to the software. Stopping a running application, updating the software, and then restarting the application is not suitable for systems with high availability requirements. On the other hand, dynamically updating a system may increase the execution time of the tasks, thus, degrading the performance of the system. Degradation is not acceptable for performance-critical real-time systems as there are strict requirements on the performance. In this paper we present an approach that enables dynamic reconfiguration of a real-time system, where the performance of the system during a reconfiguration satisfies a given worst-case performance specification. Evaluation shows that the presented method is efficient in guaranteeing the worst-case performance of dynamically reconfigurable firm real-time systems

关键词： real time systems Quality of service Application software Vehicle dynamics Computer science Degradation Programming Software systems Information science Software engineering

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Operating System Support for Procedural Abstraction in embedded systems

Operating System Support for Procedural Abstraction in Embed...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Keun Soo Yim Jeong-Joon Yoo Jae Don Lee Jihong Kim Computing Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yongin si South Korea School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

Procedural abstraction reduces code size by replacing repeated code fragments with call instructions to a subroutine that executes the repeated fragment. However, in order to build a subroutine, extra instructions are necessary to support the procedural call mechanism. In this paper, we present an operating system level technique which improves the space efficiency of a procedural abstraction-based code compaction technique. the call-related extra instructions are not used in the proposed technique because operating system routines implicitly supports the procedure call and return. the proposed technique consists of three execution modes including one applicable to ROM-based systems. the experimental results show the proposed technique reduces the code size significantly while increasing the execution time slightly

关键词： Operating systems embedded system Compaction real time systems Computer aided instruction Algorithms Costs Energy consumption Hardware Random access memory

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Optimization of real-time systems Timing Specifications

Optimization of Real-Time Systems Timing Specifications

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： S. Andrei A.M. Cheng School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Computer Science University of Houston USA

real-time logic (RTL) is useful for the verification of a safety assertion SA with respect to the specification SP of a real-time system. Since the satisfiability problem for RTL is undecidable, there were many efforts to find proper heuristics for proving that SPrarrSA holds. However, none of such heuristics necessarily finds an "optimal implication". After verifying SPrarrSA, and the system implementing SP is deployed, performance changes as a result of power-saving, faulty components, and cost-saving in the processing platform for the tasks specified in SP affect the computation times of the specified tasks. this leads to a different but related SP, which would violate the original SPrarrSA theorem if SA remains the same. It is desirable, therefore, to determine an optimal SP with the slowest possible computation times for its tasks such that the SA is still guaranteed. this is clearly a fundamental issue in the design and implementation of highly dependable real-time/embedded systems. this paper tackles this fundamental issue by describing a new method for relaxing SP and tightening SA such that SPrarrSA is still a theorem. Experimental results show that less than 20% overhead of the running time of the algorithm for the verification of SPrarrSA is needed to find an optimal theorem

关键词： real time systems Timing Safety Computer science Logic embedded system Constraint optimization Debugging Process control Computer applications

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Present and future requirements in developing industrial embedded real-time systems - interviews with designers in the vehicle domain

Present and future requirements in developing industrial emb...

引用

international conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based systems

作者： K. Hanninen J. Maki-Turja M. Nolin Mälardalen Research and Technology Centre (MRTC) Sweden

In this paper, we aim at capturing the industrial viewpoint of today's and future requirements in development of embedded real-time systems. We do this by interviewing ten senior designers at four Swedish companies, developing embedded applications in the vehicle domain. this study shows that reliability and safety are the main properties in focus during development. It also shows that the amount of functionality has been increasing in the examined systems. Still the present requirements are fulfilled using considerably homogenous development methods. the study also shows that, in the future, there will be even stronger requirements on dependability and control performance at the same time as requirements on more softer and resource demanding functionality will continue to increase. Consequently, the complexity will increase, and with diverging requirements, more heterogeneous development methods are called for to fulfil all application specific requirements

关键词： real time systems Application software embedded system Electrical equipment industry embedded software Consumer electronics Companies Vehicle safety Operating systems Signal processing

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Utilization Bounds for RM Scheduling on Uniform Multiprocessors

Utilization Bounds for RM Scheduling on Uniform Multiprocess...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： V.N. Darera L. Jenkins LSM Lab EE Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India EE Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Utilization bounds for earliest deadline first (EDF) and rate monotonic (RM) scheduling are known and well understood for uniprocessor systems. In this paper, we derive limits on similar bounds for the multiprocessor case, when the individual processors need not be identical. Tasks are partitioned among the processors and RM scheduling is assumed to be the policy used in individual processors. A minimum limit on the bounds for a 'greedy' class of algorithms is given and proved, since the actual value of the bound depends on the algorithm that allocates the tasks. We also derive the utilization bound of an algorithm which allocates tasks in decreasing order of utilization factors. Knowledge of such bounds allows us to carry out very fast schedulability tests although we are constrained by the fact that the tests are sufficient but not necessary to ensure schedulability

关键词： Partitioning algorithms Processor scheduling Multiprocessing systems Testing real time systems Timing Context modeling Scheduling algorithm Multicore processing Computer applications

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Maximizing Guaranteed QoS in (m, k)-firm real-time systems

Maximizing Guaranteed QoS in (m, k)-firm Real-time Systems

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Jian Lin A.M.K. Cheng Real-Time Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Houston TX USA

(m, k)-firm constraints have been used to schedule tasks in soft/firm real-time systems under overloaded conditions. In general, they are provided by application designers to guarantee the minimum levels of quality of service (QoS). Many problems concentrating in task schedulability under these constraints were investigated. However, little work has been done in combining the optimization of the QoS and task schedulability subject to these (m, k)-firm constraints. In this paper, we consider the problem of maximizing the guaranteed performance while maintaining a schedulable task set in periodic firm real-time systems. To quantify the performance, we propose a granularity-related metric called granularity of quality of service-reward (GQoS-reward). We then show that maximizing the total GQoS-reward is an NP-hard problem and a heuristic method to solve the problem is studied. In addition to the improvement to the GQoS, positive effects on other main performance metrics for soft/firm real time systems, such as effective processor utilization (EPU), total accumulated reward and instability, are also supported by the simulation results using our optimization strategy

关键词： real time systems Quality of service Processor scheduling embedded computing Laboratories Computer science Application software Constraint optimization NP-hard problem Measurement

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Deferrable Scheduling for Temporal Consistency: Schedulability Analysis and Overhead Reduction

Deferrable Scheduling for Temporal Consistency: Schedulabili...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Ming Xiong Song Han Deji Chen Lucent Bell Laboratories USA City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Emerson Process Management USA

the deferrable scheduling algorithm for fixed priority transactions (DS-FP) is demonstrated to be a very effective approach for minimizing real-time update transaction workload while maintaining temporal validity of real-time data. this paper examines the schedulability of deferrable scheduling and presents a sufficient condition. While its online scheduling overhead is a concern, we propose a hyperperiod based DS-FP approach satisfying the temporal validity constraint with low overhead. the algorithm, namely DEferrable Scheduling with Hyperperiod by Schedule Adjustment (DESH-SA), adjusts the DS-FP schedule in an interval so that the adjusted schedule in the interval can be repeated infinitely. Our experiments demonstrate that DESH-SA can reduce scheduling overhead of DS-FP and also achieve update workload near optimal

关键词： Job shop scheduling real time systems Actuators Wireless sensor networks Control systems Capacitive sensors Scheduling algorithm Process control Sufficient conditions embedded system

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Probabilistic Timing Join over Uncertain Event Streams

Probabilistic Timing Join over Uncertain Event Streams

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Aloysius K. Mok Honguk Woo Chan-Gun Lee Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas Austin USA Intel Corporation USA

this paper addresses the problem of processing event-timing queries over event streams where the uncertainty in the values of the timestamps is characterizable by histograms. We describe a stream-partitioning technique for checking the satisfaction of a probabilistic timing constraint upon event arrivals in a systematic way in order to delimit the "probing range" in event streams. this technique can be formalized as a probabilistic timing join (PTJoin) operator where the join condition is specified by a time window and a confidence threshold in our model. We present efficient PTJoin algorithms that tightly delimit the probing range and efficiently invalidate events in event streams

关键词： Timing Monitoring Event detection Query processing Uncertainty Streaming media Delay Histograms Image databases Control systems

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Portable Execution time Analysis Method

Portable Execution Time Analysis Method

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： K. Yamamoto Y. Ishikawa T. Matsui Graduate School of Information Science and Technology University of Tokyo Japan Digital Human Research Center National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Japan

We propose a new execution time prediction method that combines measurement-based execution time analysis and simulation-based memory access analysis. In measurement-based execution time analysis, the target program is divided into basic blocks, to each of which a memory area accessed by the block is allocated, so that all the basic block execution times are measured on a real machine. Since the execution behavior of such a basic block is not a real case, simulation-based memory access analysis is introduced to calculate the memory access cost. the method has been implemented using the intermediate expressions (both TREE and RTL expressions) used in GCC (Gnu compiler collection). this paper demonstrates that the proposed method predicts the execution time safely in different architecture environments, i.e. Pentium-M and XScale

关键词： time measurement Predictive models Analytical models Prediction methods Information analysis Area measurement real time systems Pipelines Delay Timing

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