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检索条件"任意字段=13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications"

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Adaptive energy-aware design of a multi-bank flash-memory storage system

Adaptive energy-aware design of a multi-bank flash-memory st...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Yehua Du Ming Cai Jinxiang Dong Institute of Artificial Intelligence University of Zhejiang Hangzhou China

An architectural solution to reducing energy consumption of flash-memory storage system is to take advantage of a multi-bank architecture instead of a single-bank one. thus, allowing unused banks to be placed into low-power operating modes can help reduce energy. In this paper, an adaptive energy-aware bank assignment policy is proposed to cluster data with temporal affinity into the same bank, increasing the number of banks put into low-power modes. then we propose an energy-aware garbage collection policy, which could keep banks in idle conditions for long durations of time to compensate for resynchronization penalties. Experiments over the prototype show the effectiveness of these policies and indicate that large energy savings can be achieved with low overhead.

关键词： Energy storage embedded system Energy consumption Power system reliability Delay Artificial intelligence Prototypes Nonvolatile memory Energy resolution Degradation

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Priority-driven coding of progressive JPEG images for transmission in real-time applications

Priority-driven coding of progressive JPEG images for transm...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： A. Mo Kim Cheng Feng Shang Real-Time Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Houston TX USA

Since high-quality image/video systems based on the JPEG/MPEG compression standards often require power-expensive implementations at relatively high bit-rates, they have not been widely used in low-power wireless applications. To alleviate this problem, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a strategy that can adapt to different compression and transmission rates. (I) It gives important parts of an image higher priority over unimportant parts. therefore, the high-priority parts can achieve high image quality, while the low-priority parts, with a slight sacrifice of quality, can achieve huge compression rate and thus save the power/energy of a low-power wireless system. (2) We also introduce a priority-driven scheduling approach into our coding algorithm, which makes the transmission of important parts earlier with more data than other parts. through a balanced trade-off between the available time/bandwidth/power and the image quality, this adaptive strategy can satisfy users with desired images quality and lead to a significant reduction of the important parts' deadline misses.

关键词： Image coding Transform coding real time systems Image quality Bandwidth Application software Video compression Image storage Telephony Laboratories

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On-demand broadcast algorithms with caching on improving response time for real time information dispatch systems

On-demand broadcast algorithms with caching on improving res...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Chui Ying Hui J. Kee-Yin Ng V. Chung-Sing Lee Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China

this paper presents a performance study on various broadcast algorithms and caching strategies for on-time delivery of data in a real time information dispatch system. the objective of the study is not just aiming at on time delivery, but to improve the response time on the data requests. We propose and perform a series of simulation experiments, using real traffic data from the access log of the official web site for FIFA 2002 World Cup. Simulation results show that our proposed broadcast algorithm not only succeeds in providing good on-time delivery of data but at the same time provides 2 to 3 times of improvement in response time over traditional scheduling algorithms like first-in-first-out (FIFO) and earliest-deadline-first (EDF). the simulation results also show that our proposed caching strategy provides further improvement in percentage of requests finished in time over traditional caching strategy like least recently used (LRU).

关键词： Delay real time systems Scheduling algorithm Satellite broadcasting Computer science Databases Traffic control Wireless communication Artificial satellites Cellular networks

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real time concurrency control for data intensive applications

Real time concurrency control for data intensive application...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： C.P.M. Lau V.C.S. Lee Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong China

A new class of data-intensive applications has received wide attention. In these applications, monitoring junctions can be performed by executing pre-registered transactions periodically using data from external sources in the form of continuous data streams and producing updates as temporal data in the database. For this type of continuous transactions, the data access pattern has to be declared before submission. To keep the database fresh, these transactions must be processed in a timely fashion. However, it is also desirable to execute other one-time transactions that may use these temporal data within their deadlines. Traditional DBMS are not designed to support such applications. the theme of this paper is to propose new concurrency control protocols to process these types of transactions with competing requirements. the challenge of this work is to balance database freshness and transaction performance. Although there is a number of similar previous works in the literature, they did not consider the presence of continuous transactions and therefore the issue of data dependency between these two types of transactions is not addressed. the simulation results show that our protocols can significantly improve the performance of one-time transactions while keeping the database fresh.

关键词： Concurrency control Transaction databases Protocols Application software Sensor phenomena and characterization real time systems Computerized monitoring Analytical models Spatial databases Performance analysis

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Data collection with battery and buffer consideration in a large scale sensor network

Data collection with battery and buffer consideration in a l...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Deji Chen A.K. Mok Jianliang Yi M. Nixon T. Aneweer R. Shepard Emerson Process Management Austin TX USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA

In a pure sensor network thousands of sensors are distributed over a large area. Sensor data is relayed from sensor node to node until it reaches the edge node, where it is then routed by wire to the host. In this paper we study the effect of data collection on the battery and buffer of a sensor node, and on the overall sensor network. We determine the relationship among battery life, sampling frequency, buffer size, etc. We claim that using identical sensors throughout a large scale sensor network may not achieve the best result. We suggest some guidelines for deploying a large scale sensor network. We then propose routing algorithms that are robust, truly distributed, and efficient in utilizing the sensor network.

关键词： Batteries Intelligent networks Large-scale systems Packaging Routing Data communication Energy consumption Relays Distributed power generation Sensor systems and applications

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An efficient placement and routing technique for fault-tolerant distributed embedded computing

An efficient placement and routing technique for fault-toler...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： R. Jafari F. Dabiri M. Sarrafzadeh Computer Science Department University of California Los Angeles CA USA

this paper presents an efficient technique for placement and routing of sensors/actuators and processing units in a grid network. the driver application that we present is a medical jacket which requires an extremely high level of robustness and fault tolerance. the power consumption of such jacket is another key technological constraint. Our proposed interconnection network is a mesh of wires. A jacket made of fabric and wires would be susceptible to accidental damage via tears. By modeling the tears, we evaluate the probability of having failures on every segment of wires in our mesh interconnection network. then we study two problems of placement and routing in the sensor networks such that the fault tolerance is maximized while the power consumption is minimized. We develop efficient integer linear programming (ILP) formulations to address these problems and perform both placement and routing simultaneously. this ensures that the solution is a lower bound for both problems. We evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed techniques on a variety of benchmarks.

关键词： Routing Fault tolerance embedded computing Wires Energy consumption Multiprocessor interconnection networks Actuators Robustness Fabrics Integer linear programming

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A locating mechanism for multiple mobile nodes in wireless sensor networks

A locating mechanism for multiple mobile nodes in wireless s...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Sung-Min Lee Hojung Cha Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Seoul South Korea

Current tracking applications in sensor networks lack bi-directional communications with mobile objects. they have a passive communication relationship with unidirectional location data messages routed from mobile objects to the central processing node. In order for an object tracking system to be an "active" tracking system, where the user of the system is able to control the mobile objects in various ways, the system first needs an efficient way to deliver control messages to a mobile object, other than a simple flooding of the control messages. this paper presents an efficient detection method for multiple mobile nodes, which yields a reduction in the number of flooding messages by adopting the hybrid solution of combining a fill-scale flooding and a constrained flooding for the delivery of control messages. Simulation shows that our solution provides about 90% to 10% of reduction on both energy consumption and network traffic comparing to full-scale flooding when the number of mobile nodes increases by 1 to 9.

关键词： Intelligent networks Wireless sensor networks Floods Control systems Target tracking Bidirectional control Mobile communication Communication system control Energy consumption Lead

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Patterns and tools for achieving predictability and performance with real time Java

Patterns and tools for achieving predictability and performa...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： K. Raman Yue Zhang M. Panahi J.A. Colmenares R. Klefstad Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine CA USA

the real-time specification for Java (RTSJ) offers the predictable memory management needed for real-time applications, while maintaining Java 's advantages of portability and ease of use. RTSJ's scoped memory allows object lifetimes to be controlled in groups, rather than individually as in C++. While easier than individual object lifetime management, scoped memory adds programming complexity from strict rules governing memory access across scopes. Moreover, memory leaks can potentially create jitter and reduce performance. To manage the complexities of RTSJ's scoped memory, we developed patterns and tools for RTZen, a real-time CORBA Object Request Broker (ORB). We describe four new patterns that enable communication and coordination across scope boundaries, an otherwise difficult task in RTSJ. We then present IsoLeak, a runtime debugging tool that visualizes the scoped hierarchies of complex applications and locates memory leaks. Our empirical results show that RTZen is highly predictable and has acceptable performance. RTZen therefore demonstrates that the use of patterns and tools like IsoLeak can help applications meet the stringent QoS requirements of DRE applications, while supporting safer, easier, cheaper and faster development in real-time Java.

关键词： Java real time systems Memory management Yarn Middleware Quality of service Predictive models Random access memory Engineering management Application software

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Power-aware real-time scheduling using pinwheel model and profiling technique

Power-aware real-time scheduling using pinwheel model and pr...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Hsin-hung Lin Chih-Wen Hsueh Real-Time Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan

Energy consumption is a critical design issue in embedded systems, especially in battery-operated systems. Maintaining high performance while extending the battery life is an interesting challenge for system designers. Dynamic voltage scaling and dynamic frequency scaling allow us to adjust supply voltage and processor frequency to adapt to the workload demand for better energy management. Because of the high complexity involved, most solutions depend on heuristics for online power-aware real-time scheduling or offline time-consuming scheduling. In this paper, we discuss how we can apply pinwheel model to power-aware real-time scheduling so that task information, including start times, finish times, preemption times, etc, can be efficiently derived using pinwheel model. System predictability is thus increased and under better control on power-awareness. However, job execution time may be only a small portion of its worst case execution time and can only be determined at runtime. We implement a profiling tool to insert codes for collecting runtime information of real-time tasks. Worst case execution time is updated online for scheduler to perform better rescheduling according to actual execution. Simulations have shown that at most 50% energy can be saved by the proposed scheduling algorithm. Moreover, at most additional 33% energy can be saved when the profiling technique is applied.

关键词： Processor scheduling Power system modeling Dynamic voltage scaling Frequency Runtime Energy consumption embedded system Batteries Energy management Control systems

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Approximation algorithms for scheduling multiple feasible interval jobs

Approximation algorithms for scheduling multiple feasible in...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Jian-Jia Chen Jun Wu Chi-Sheng Shih Tei-Wei Kuo Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taiwan Department of Management of Information Systems Chung Kuo Institute of Technology Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia National Taiwan University Taiwan

time-critical jobs in many real-time applications have multiple feasible intervals. Such a job is constrained to execute from start to completion in one of its feasible intervals. A job fails if the job remains incomplete at the end of the last feasible interval. this paper is concerned with how to find a schedule in which the number of jobs completed in one of their feasible intervals is maximized. We show that the maximization problem is NP-hard for both nonpreemptible and preemptible jobs. this paper develops two approximation algorithms for nonpreemptible and preemptible jobs. When jobs are nonpreemptible, algorithm LECF is with a 2-approximation factor; when jobs are preemptible, algorithm LEF is proved being a 3-approximation algorithm. We also show that our analysis on the two algorithms is tight by providing a set of input instances. Simulation results demonstrate that algorithms LECF and LEF not only guarantee the approximation factors but also outperform other multiple feasible interval scheduling algorithms.

关键词： Approximation algorithms Scheduling algorithm Computer science Routing Processor scheduling Computer network management Information management Technology management Engineering management Management information systems

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