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M-DRTA: A Distributed Runtime Monitoring and Assurance Framework for Multi-vehicle Behavior Planning

M-DRTA: A Distributed Runtime Monitoring and Assurance Frame...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Yanfei Peng Guozhen Tan Xiang Wang School of Computer Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian China Dalian University of Technology Dalian China

ISBN: (数字)9798350387957

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387964

the machine learning-based decision algorithms commonly used in autonomous driving have led to the Safety of the Intended Functionality(SOTIF) issues due to their potential lack of functionality. To address these limitations, we propose M-DRTA, a distributed runtime assurance framework based on machine learning, which can provide safety assurance for multi-autonomous vehicles by making functional improvements to narrow the vehicle safety zone. We secure the entire multi-vehicle driving system by maintaining safety in local vehicles. In the M-DRTA, an independent runtime assurance framework is provided for each autonomous vehicle through redundant functional modules that include a deep neural network-based advanced controller, a recoverable safety controller, and a monitoring and assurance module. Monitor SOTIF risks by identifying trigger conditions, under-function status, etc., and provide safety through permission handover without unduly sacrificing performance. We tested and evaluated M-DRTA for the different number of vehicle states in a driving task. the experimental results show that M-DRTA can strike a proper balance between safety and efficiency compared to the baseline approach.

关键词： Runtime Machine learning algorithms Computer architecture Handover Deep reinforcement learning real-time systems Safety Planning Monitoring Autonomous vehicles

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Green Edge Servers Placement for Intelligent Transport systems 13

Green Edge Servers Placement for Intelligent Transport Syste...

引用

13th international conference on the Network of the Future, NoF 2022

作者： Khamari, Sabri Rachedi, Abdennour Ahmed, Toufik Mosbah, Mohamed Univ. Bordeaux Bordeaux INP CNRS LaBRI UMR5800 TalenceF-33400 France

ISBN: (数字)9781665472548

ISBN: (纸本)9781665472548

Edge computing empowers service providers to deploy smart vehicles applications that require high throughput and extremely low latency. In this context, optimal Edge servers' placement becomes more difficult since it requires addressing several interrelated requirements at the same time, such as delay, deployment cost, and energy consumption. this paper studies optimal Edge server placement for energy efficiency. the proposed approach, called Green Optimal Edge Server Placement (GOESP), models the placement problem using integer linear programming to address the trade-off between latency, energy, and deployment cost while considering Edge servers' capacity and expected vehicle's traffic on the road. GOESP minimizes the energy consumption by minimizing the number of deployed Edge servers while meeting end-to-end communication latency and avoiding servers' overloading. We evaluate the efficiency of our approach mathematically and through simulations utilizing real-world traffic extracted from open data of Bordeaux city, France. the results demonstrate that our technique outperforms other methods in terms of energy efficiency and guarantees latency and workload balancing requirements. © 2022 ieee.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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Implementation architecture of IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol on arm platform running on RTOS for industrial IEDs 4

Implementation architecture of IEC 60870-5-103 communication...

引用

4th international conference on Inventive Research in computing applications, ICIRCA 2022

作者： Sudhakar, Anargh Rajendra, C. Ashok, S. National Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Kerala Calicut673 601 India Elds Abb Global Industries and Services Pvt Ltd Karnataka 560 048 India

ISBN: (数字)9781665497077

ISBN: (纸本)9781665497077

embedded systems and their applications share a significant proportion of products developed and manufactured in electrical industries today. Power system automation and digitalization applications widely use micro-controller based architectures. these include relay modules, monitoring and control systems etc. Many of these products use standard IEC protocols for their communication architecture. Although the IEC protocol standards are well defined and have been in use for many years, development and implementation of these protocol stacks and source code depends on the developer. Optimized architecture and implementation of communication based on the protocol improves the performance of the communicating module in terms of speed, reliability and save processor and memory resource. In this paper, we propose an optimized, time efficient and robust architecture and implementation of IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol on an ARM based micro-controller board running on a real time Operating System(RTOS). this architecture improves the implementation of protocol compared to conventional methods of implementation without an RTOS. It improves the protocol latency or speed of communication using the protocol. It also improves the data fetching time required by the slave device and the minimum possible time between requests from master. Testing is done for both proposed and conventional architectural implementations on the same hardware platform as mentioned. the test results shown in the paper compares the proposed implementation architecture to the conventional architecture and shows the improvements that the proposed architecture brings in terms of speed and latency of communication. Methodology, architecture, implementation and results for the same are detailed in the paper. © 2022 ieee.

关键词： Computer operating systems

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Area and Speed-Efficient Floating-Point Arithmetic Logical Unit Implementation on FPGA

Area and Speed-Efficient Floating-Point Arithmetic Logical U...

引用

international conference on Communication systems and Network Technologies (CSNT)

作者： Sateesh Kourav Devendra Singh thakur Sunil Kumar Shah Kirti Verma Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Jabalpur MP India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences Jabalpur India Department of Engineering Mathematics Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences Jabalpur MP India

ISBN: (数字)9798350305463

ISBN: (纸本)9798350305470

the Arithmetic and Logic Unit is a CPU component that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. the execution of the multiple instructions in a computer program is required. ALUs frequently feature, among other things, adders, multipliers, and logical units. these components work together to conduct a range of calculations. Ideas and approaches for building the computing units of the ALU are offered. the design also includes a suggested splitter mechanism. the whole ALU is written in Verilog, stressing the usage of a high-level hardware description language in the paper. FALU is widely employed as a key component of DSPs for real-time signal and data processing. the research suggests creating an area- and speed-optimized FALU to increase the performance of DSPs in present computing contexts. the processing power and performance of processors utilized in real-time signal processing applications. the paper's goal is to improve both the speed and the area efficiency of real-time signal processing applications. the Arithmetic and Logic Unit is an important component that performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. the whole ALU is implemented using Verilog, a high-level hardware description language. FALU is designed for speed and space efficiency.

关键词： Costs Program processors Signal processing algorithms Signal processing real-time systems Hardware Table lookup

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Depth Estimation Using Single Fisheye Camera

Depth Estimation Using Single Fisheye Camera

引用

ieee international conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent systems

作者： Chun Kwok Ning Xi Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

With the increasing utilization of automotive navigation systems in automotive platforms. the robot system is required to measure the distance of the surrounding area in real time. Omnidirectional distance measurement technology has emerged as a crucial requirement in the robotic industry. Traditional distance measurement methods for example stereo cameras and time of flight sensors have a limited field of view. this paper reports on a novel depth estimation method that operates on the mobile platform. the method involves collecting 180° fisheye images or 360° panoramic images via a single fisheye camera, detecting target objects in the image, and estimating their distance and size. this method can provide real-time omnidirectional distance estimation using a single fisheye camera, with an average recognition accuracy of 92.60% for 480 human targets with varying sizes and poses. the experimental result shows that the accuracy does not affect by the target size and pose. the improved distance estimation method has significant potential for robotic applications such as real-time obstacle avoidance.

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Magnetic-Powered Swimming Soft-Milli Robot Towards NonInvasive applications 8

Magnetic-Powered Swimming Soft-Milli Robot Towards NonInvasi...

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8th international conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Tang, Xiuzhen Manamanchaiyaporn, Laliphat Thammasat Univ Thammasat Sch Engn Res Unit Small Scale Robot Khlong Nueng Thailand Thammasat Univ Thammasat Sch Engn Fac Engn Khlong Nueng Thailand Thammasat Univ Thammasat Sch Engn Ctr Excellence Creat Engn Design Khlong Nueng Thailand Thammasat Univ Thammasat Sch Engn Dept Mech Engn Khlong Nueng Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665496070

Among the development of technology, a large number of medical devices have been designed, improved, and implemented in various forms and functions to facilitate therapy and treatment (e.g., medical guidewires, catheters, implants). Remote controllability, real-time response, size, and non- toxicity of the devices are all critically required to operate in the blind, unstructured, and fluidic environments of biomedical regions. Herein, an untethered soft swimming milli-robot has been developed to fulfill the remote operation in such regions. the robot employs magnetic property as a motor-less mechanism powered by the dynamic magnetic field. Non-uniform magnetization embedded in the soft structure allows the robot to propagate the body-wave deformation utilizing a high degree of freedom provided by magnetic compliance for swimming in the fluid. the robot is experimentally investigated in the swimming performance under the different control parameters. the results report that the swimming velocity is directly proportional to the strength and frequency of the actuating magnetic field. It swims with the fastest velocity about 5.5 mm/s, under 15 mT and 13 Hz of the oscillating magnetic field. On the other hand, swimming velocity is dramatically dropped since the frequency is over 13 Hz. the magnetically controllable robot is capable of applying for various purposes, especially where the demand concerns small size, soft interface, and remote controllability.

关键词： Medical devices Magnetization Medical treatment Controllability real-time systems Magnetic fields Robots

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RTiL: real-time Inference of Large Language Models on Memory-Constrained GPU Devices

RTiL: Real-Time Inference of Large Language Models on Memory...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Juxin Niu Wei Zhang Chun Jason Xue Nan Guan City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR Shandong University China Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence UAE

ISBN: (数字)9798350387957

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387964

While large language models (LLMs) are usually deployed on powerful servers, there is growing interest in deploying them on local machines for better real-time performance, service stability, privacy, and flexibility. Unfortunately, the GPU memory on local machines is often insufficient to accommodate the entire LLM. Although running an LLM on such a GPU device is still possible by swapping data between the limited GPU memory and the abundant main memory, the slow speed of data swapping significantly hampers inference time, rendering it impractical in reality. In this paper, we propose RTiL, a systematic solution to address the above challenge. RTiL utilizes collaborative inference, which combines a lightweight LLM with the default powerful LLM. the lightweight LLM generates output tokens, which are then validated for quality by the powerful LLM. this approach allows RTiL to significantly speed up inference while maintaining the same output quality as when using the powerful LLM alone. Additionally, by delegating part of the inference workload to the CPU and optimizing data movement between main and GPU memory, we further enhance the efficiency of the inference process. Furthermore, we extend RTiL to handle requests with real-time requirements, enabling it to meet such demands by slightly trading off output quality. through extensive experiments, we demonstrate notable improvements in inference efficiency and the ability to fulfill real-time requirements while minimizing degradation in output quality.

关键词： Performance evaluation Privacy Systematics Large language models Memory management Graphics processing units Rendering (computer graphics) real-time systems Stability analysis Servers

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Optimal Design of UDP Protocol in embedded real-time OS 13

Optimal Design of UDP Protocol in Embedded Real-Time OS

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13th international conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology, ICAIT 2021

作者： Li, Haohang Zhao, Yufeng Wu, Runzhi Xi'an Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shanxi Province Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665431880

At present, most applications that require fast network transmission use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at the transport layer. However, many network transmissions rely on simple traversal to find and fill UDP protocol messages, which are prone to errors and not stable enough, especially in embedded real-time OS. Based on the analysis of the UDP network protocol framework, this article focuses on the instability of the UDP protocol application, designs a UDP control block and a functional framework specifically for UDP protocol transmission, and finally implements the test in the VxWorks environment, and the results prove to be improved Stability of UDP protocol function realization. © 2021 ieee.

关键词： Internet protocols

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EarlyBird: Energy belongs to those who wake up early

EarlyBird: Energy belongs to those who wake up early

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Hugo Reymond Jean-Luc Béchennec Mikaël Briday Sébastien Faucou Isabelle Puaut Erven Rohou Univ Rennes Inria CNRS IRISA France Nantes Université École Centrale Nantes CNRS LS2N Nantes France

ISBN: (数字)9798350387957

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387964

By relying on ambient energy, battery-less devices significantly increase the autonomy of IoT devices, enabling maintenance-free operation in remote locations. However, due to the scarcity of ambient energy, these devices rely on capacitors to buffer energy, and alternate between power-off phases where the device is harvesting energy and computation bursts. In most existing techniques, the device resumes execution only when the capacitor is full. However, we argue that doing so is sub-optimal. Instead, we advocate that waking-up the device sooner may yield better performance since the microcontroller consumes less power when operating at lower voltage. To this extent, we introduce EarlyBird, a technique that automatically computes a fine-tuned wake-up voltage for each resume point. EarlyBird leverages static analysis to determine how much energy is needed before resuming from a given program location, and provides a runtime library to enforce the early wake-up strategy. We evaluated how EarlyBird improves existing checkpointing techniques and results show an increase in the number of benchmarks executed per minute of up to 5.65×.

关键词： Performance evaluation Checkpointing Runtime library Microcontrollers Capacitors Voltage Static analysis Benchmark testing real-time systems Internet of things

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Bandwidth Prediction in 5G Mobile Networks Using Informer 13

Bandwidth Prediction in 5G Mobile Networks Using Informer

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13th international conference on the Network of the Future, NoF 2022

作者： Azmin, Tahmina Ahmadinejad, Mohamad Shahriar, Nashid University of Regina Department of Computer Science ReginaSK Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781665472548

ISBN: (纸本)9781665472548

Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks aspire to deliver exceptionally high data rates with ultra-reliable and low-latency connectivity. With the growing popularity of mobile Internet and the increased bandwidth requirements of mobile applications, user Quality of Experience (QoE) is becoming increasingly critical. 5G networks demand predicting the real-time bandwidth of a channel to satisfy the QoE for bandwidth-savvy applications such as video streaming/conferencing, vir-tual/augmented/mixed reality, and autonomous driving. If future bandwidth can be forecast in advance, the bandwidthhungry applications may utilize the estimates to adapt their data transmission rates and dramatically enhance user QoE. By analyzing a publicly available 5G dataset comprised of the channel, context, and cell-related metrics with throughput information, existing work has used Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) based mechanisms to predict future bandwidth. We applied the Transformer-based model, namely 'Informer,' to the 5G dataset and found significant improvement of about 95% error decrease for bandwidth prediction. In addition, we combined some new feature analysis approaches (LASSO and Random Forest with new hyper-parameters) in addition to the the existing Random Forest with Informer to find out the most accurate prediction approach. © 2022 ieee.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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