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检索条件"任意字段=13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications"

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Impact analysis for timing requirements on real-time systems

Impact analysis for timing requirements on real-time systems

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Tayfun Gezgin Stefan Henkler Ingo Stierand Achim Rettberg Institute for Information Technology (OFFIS) Oldenburg Germany Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany

the analysis of real-time properties is crucial in safety critical areas, and is particularly difficult for distributed systems as complex interferences between tasks of different priorities can occur. In previous works we have introduced a state-based analysis approach to validate end-to-end deadlines for distributed systems, where the state spaces of all resources, such as processors and buses, are computed in a compositional fashion. For this, abstraction and composition operations were defined to adequately handle task and resource dependencies. During the design process of a system changes occur typically on both the specification and implementation level, such that already performed analyses of the system have to be repeated. In this work, we define a methodology to adequately handle such changes and to determine the minimal part of the affected architecture. For this, we define an appropriate refinement relation between state spaces of the resources. We use contracts to further reduce the re-validation effort. this check takes place at a higher design level, where only the specification is considered.

关键词： Clocks Automata Timing Contracts Computer architecture Indexes Cost accounting

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Optimal semi-partitioned scheduling in soft real-time systems

Optimal semi-partitioned scheduling in soft real-time system...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： James H. Anderson Jeremy P. Erickson UmaMaheswari C. Devi Benjamin N. Casses Dept. of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill IBM Research India

Semi-partitioned real-time scheduling algorithms extend partitioned ones by allowing a (usually small) subset of tasks to migrate. the first such algorithm to be proposed was directed at soft real-time (SRT) sporadic task systems where bounded deadline tardiness is acceptable. that algorithm, called EDF-fm, has the desirable property that migrations are boundary-limited, i.e., they can only occur at job boundaries. However, it is not optimal because per-task utilization restrictions are required. In this paper, a new optimal semi-partitioned scheduling algorithm for SRT sporadic task systems is proposed that eliminates such restrictions. this algorithm, called EDF-os, preserves the boundary-limited property. In overhead-aware schedulability experiments presented herein, EDF-os proved to be better than all other tested alternatives in terms of schedulability in almost all considered scenarios. It also proved capable of ensuring very low tardiness bounds, which were near zero in most considered scenarios.

关键词： Program processors Schedules Scheduling algorithms real-time systems Algorithm design and analysis Resource management

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the Trajectory approach for AFDX FIFO networks revisited and corrected

The Trajectory approach for AFDX FIFO networks revisited and...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Xiaoting Li Olivier Cros Laurent George ECE Paris - LACSC Paris France Université Paris-Est / LIGM Bat Copernic — 5 Champs sur Marne France

We consider the problem of dimensioning real-time AFDX FIFO networks with a worst-case end-to-end delay analysis. the state-of-the-art has considered several approaches to compute these worst-case end-to-end delays. Among them, the Trajectory approach has received more attention as it has been shown to provide tight end-to-end delay upper bounds. Recently, it has been proved that current Trajectory analysis can be optimistic for some corner cases, leading in its current form, to certification issues. In this paper, we first characterize the source of optimism in the Trajectory approach on detailed examples. then, we provide a correction to the identified problems. Two problems are solved: the first one is on the root cause of the underestimated time interval to compute delays of competing flows and a problem in the definition of the end-to-end delay computation. the second one is on the way that serialized frames are taken into account in the worst-case delay analysis.

关键词： Delays Trajectory Ports (Computers) Switches Upper bound real-time systems Ethernet networks

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Improving the response time analysis of global fixed-priority multiprocessor scheduling

Improving the response time analysis of global fixed-priorit...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Youcheng Sun Giuseppe Lipari Nan Guan Wang Yi Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna LSV - ENS Cachan and CNRS Northeastern University China Uppsala University

In this paper we address the problem of schedulability analysis for a set of sporadic tasks with arbitrary deadlines running on a multiprocessor system with global fixed-priority preemptive scheduling. We prove the existence of a class of critical instants for releasing a task, one of which results in the worst-case response time of that task. then, we propose a new analysis that improves over current state-of-the-art Response time Analysis (RTA) by reducing its pessimism. We also observe that, in the case of unconstrained deadlines, the current RTA may underestimate the carry-in workload, and we propose a new formulation that corrects the problem. Finally, we evaluate the performance improvement of our new response time analysis method by empirical experiments with randomly generated task sets. Experimental results show that our new analysis method can successfully accept a considerable amount of task sets that have to be treated as unschedulable by existing methods.

关键词： time factors Upper bound Interference Processor scheduling real-time systems Schedules Indexes

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Workload migration framework for streaming applications on smartphones

Workload migration framework for streaming applications on s...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Chi-Sheng Shih Shun-Min Wang Joen Chen Yu-Hsin Wang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University

the number and variety of applications for mobile devices continue to grow. However, the resources on mobile devices including computation and storage do not keep pace with the growth. Incorporating the computation capacity on cloud servers into mobile computing has been desired. However, there are numbers of challenging issues to realize it. In this work, we design and implement an elastic computation framework to take advantage the computation capacity on connected devices, to meet the computation demands of ever growing mobile applications. the computation framework enables resource-aware workload migration between mobile devices and connected computers. the framework was experimented and evaluated on cuckoos framework with Android applications, where communication and computation resources are taken into account. the experiments show that the application can be executed with dynamic allocated resources, either local or remote, to enhance its performance. With the elastic framework, the runtime environment can allocate local and remote resources to mobile applications with resource-aware policies.

关键词： Androids Humanoid robots Mobile handsets Servers Loading Performance evaluation Mobile communication

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Hazard analysis for AADL model

Hazard analysis for AADL model

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Xiaomin Wei Yunwei Dong Mengmeng Yang Ning Hu Hong Ye School of Computer Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an PR China Aeronautics Computing Technique Research Institute Xi'an PR China

Safety analysis is a significant aspect of safety critical embedded systems. In this paper, an architecture-based hazard analysis method is presented to support safety assessment for Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) model of embedded systems during early development phases. For further improving the hazard analytical ability of AADL, Hazard Model Annex is created. In order to improve the quality of system and the software development process, a safety model can be established by extending AADL model with error model and hazard model to specify fault behavior and hazard behavior of system. Hazard factor can be identified in safety model through hazard analysis. Additionally, conversion rules and formal methods are formulated to transform safety model into Deterministic Stochastic Petri Net (DSPN) for quantitative analysis using an existing tool. Finally, a safety analysis table is generated for overall evaluation of hazards, including hazard risk acceptance level, to help engineers to eliminate or control component hazards in an acceptance level. A small case study, based on fire alarm system, is utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of hazard analysis method for AADL model.

关键词： Hazards Analytical models Unified modeling language embedded systems Delay effects

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Wear-leveling for PCM main memory on embedded system via page management and process scheduling

Wear-leveling for PCM main memory on embedded system via pag...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Chen Pan Mimi Xie Jingtong Hu Meikang Qiu Qingfeng Zhuge School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA Department of Computer Engineering San Jose State University San Jose CA USA College of Computer Science Chongqing University Chongqing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479939541

Phase Change Memory (PCM) has been considered as a leading candidate to replace the traditional DRAM in embedded systems due to its promising characteristics such as low leakage power, low cost, non-volatility, and high scalability. One of the constraints that undermine the credential of PCM as main memory is its limited write endurance. In this paper, we develop wear-leveling techniques purely on the Operating System (OS) level to extend lifetime of PCM. Without extra hardware support, OS management is more flexible to be integrated into existing embedded systems. To achieve wear-leveling, the Periodical Page Swapping (PPS), Rearrangement Inequality Based Page Allocation (RIPA), and Write Intensity Based Process Scheduling (WIPS) algorithms are proposed in this paper on OS level. the experimental results show that the proposed techniques can significantly extend the lifetime of PCM main memory.

关键词： Phase change materials Resource management Kernel Memory management Scheduling embedded systems Educational institutions

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A real-time distributed hash table

A real-time distributed hash table

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Tao Qian Frank Mueller Yufeng Xin North Carolina State University USA RENCI UNC-CH USA

Currently, the North American power grid uses a centralized system to monitor and control wide-area power grid states. this centralized architecture is becoming a bottleneck as large numbers of wind and photo-voltaic (PV) generation sources require real-time monitoring and actuation to ensure sustained reliability. We have designed and implemented a distributed storage system, a real-time distributed hash table (DHT), to store and retrieve this monitoring data as a real-time service to an upper layer decentralized control system. Our real-time DHT utilizes the DHT algorithm Chord in a cyclic executive to schedule data-lookup jobs on distributed storage nodes. We formally define the pattern of the workload on our real-time DHT and use queuing theory to stochastically derive the time bound for response times of these lookup requests. We also define the quality of service (QoS) metrics of our real-time DHT as the probability that deadlines of requests can be met. We use the stochastic model to derive the QoS. An experimental evaluation on distributed nodes shows that our model is well suited to provide time bounds for requests following typical workload patterns and that a prioritized extension can increase the probability of meeting deadlines for subsequent requests.

关键词： real-time systems time factors Phasor measurement units Power grids Schedules Monitoring Algorithm design and analysis

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13th ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications - Copyright

13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

Copyright and Reprint Permissions: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries may photocopy beyond the limits of US copyright law, for private use of patrons, those articles in this volume that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided that the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center. the papers in this book comprise the proceedings of the meeting mentioned on the cover and title page. they reflect the authors' opinions and, in the interests of timely dissemination, are published as presented and without change. their inclusion in this publication does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the editors or the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

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Minimizing response times of automotive dataflows on multicore

Minimizing response times of automotive dataflows on multico...

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ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Glenn A. Elliott Namhoon Kim Jeremy P. Erickson Cong Liu James H. Andersony University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC US University of Texas at Dallas

Dataflow software architectures are prevalent in prototypes of advanced automotive systems, for both driver-assisted and autonomous driving. Safety constraints of these systems necessitate real-time performance guarantees. Automotive prototypes often ensure such constraints through over-provisioning and dedicated hardware; however, a commercially viable system must utilize as few low-cost multicore processors as possible to meet size, weight, and power constraints. In short, these platforms must do more with less. To this end, we develop cache-aware and overhead-cognizant scheduling techniques that lessen guaranteed response times without unnecessarily constraining platform utilization. We implement these techniques in PGMRT, a portable middleware framework for managing real-time dataflow applications on multicore platforms. the efficacy of our techniques is demonstrated through overhead-aware schedulability experiments and runtime observations. Results for our test platform show that cache-aware clustered scheduling outperforms naïve partitioned and global approaches in terms of schedulability and end-to-end response times of dataflows.

关键词： Automotive engineering Program processors real-time systems Vehicles time factors Multicore processing Processor scheduling

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