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检索条件"任意字段=13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications"

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PUMA: Pseudo unified memory architecture for single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core systems

PUMA: Pseudo unified memory architecture for single-ISA hete...

引用

ieee international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Gangyong Jia Liang Shi Jian Wan Youwei Yuan Xi Li Dong Dai Department of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China Department of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University Chongqing China Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) Hefei China Department of Computer Science Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479939541

Single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core processors have advantages over cost-equivalent homogeneous ones, which integrate cores having the same instruction set architecture (ISA) but offer different performance and power characteristics. When these cores share the off-chip main memory, requests from different cores will interfere with each other, leading to low system performance and unfairness even starvation. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art memory scheduling and thread scheduling algorithms are ineffective at solving these problems. this paper proposes a fundamentally new memory architecture of pseudo unified memory (PUMA), which partitions the memory into regions according cores' different performance, each core mostly requests only one memory region seldom exceeding, reducing interfere among cores while retaining bank level parallelism for improving performance and fairness. We evaluate the design trade-offs involved in our PUMA and compare it against three state-of-the-art memory management methods. Our experimental results show that PUMA improves both system performance and fairness among cores while reducing memory power.

关键词： Instruction sets Memory management Parallel processing Multicore processing Interference Resource management System performance

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Dynamic WCET Estimation for real-time Multicore embedded systems Supporting DVFS

Dynamic WCET Estimation for Real-Time Multicore Embedded Sys...

引用

ieee international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： José Luis March Salvador Petit Julio Sahuquillo Houcine Hassan José Duato Department of Computer Engineering (DISCA) Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia Spain

A key issue to reduce the number of deadline misses and improve energy savings in embedded real-time systems is to accurately estimate the execution time of tasks as a function of the processor frequency. Existing execution time models however, use to rely on off-line analysis or on the assumption that the memory access time (quantified in processor cycles) is constant, ignoring that memory system components are not affected by the processor clock. In this paper, we propose the Processor-Memory (Proc-Mem) model, which dynamically predicts the execution time of the applications running in a multicore processor when varying the processor frequency. Proc-Mem approach is compared with a typical Constant Memory Access time model, namely CMAT. Results show that the deviation of Proc-Mem is always lower than 6% with respect to the measured execution time, while the deviation of the CMAT model always exceeds 30%. these results turn in important energy savings for a similar number of deadline misses. Energy savings are on average by 22.9%, and up to 47.8% in the studied mixes.

关键词： Multicore processing Frequency estimation time-frequency analysis Benchmark testing real-time systems Estimation Mathematical model

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Learning Based Power Management for Periodic real-time Tasks

Learning Based Power Management for Periodic Real-Time Tasks

引用

ieee international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： Fakhruddin Muhammad Mahbub Ul Islam Man Lin Saint Francis Xavier University Antigonish NS CA Department of Mathematics St. Francis Xavier University Nova Scotia Canada

With the extensive use of portable battery powered devices in the new computing era, the power consumption problem of embedded devices has received a lot of attention in order to gain long battery life for enormous prospective. In modern processors, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) has been commonly used for energy reduction and temperature control. But with the variety of processor configurations, a DVFS arrangement that is energy efficient for one processor might not be appropriate for others. Furthermore, the efficiency of DVFS is also affected by the CPU intensiveness of the underlying tasks of the applications. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning based algorithm that dynamically controls the voltage and frequency of real-time systems and adjusts itself with diverse environments for optimal use of energy. Experimental results show that our proposed method can save significant amount of energy compared to other approaches.

关键词： Power demand Program processors real-time systems Clocks Hardware time-frequency analysis Mathematical model

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A High-performance DAG Task Scheduling Algorithm for Heterogeneous Networked embedded systems

A High-performance DAG Task Scheduling Algorithm for Heterog...

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ieee international conference on Advanced Information Networking and applications

作者： Guoqi Xie Renfa Li Xiongren Xiao Yuekun Chen Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479936311

A high-performance scheduling for a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) task graph on heterogeneous networked embedded systems or parallel and distributed systems is to maximize concurrency and minimize inter-processor communication. Most of the algorithms using upward rank value for task prioritizing and earliest finish time for processor assignment. But both approaches ignored the heterogeneity of system and could not create accurate and efficient schedules. Yet no one has doubled about and recognized that. A fully heterogeneous task scheduling algorithm is proposed to address the above problems in this paper. the fundamentals of DAG model and corresponding algorithms are investigated. New concepts called Heterogeneous Upward Rank Value (HURV) and Heterogeneous Priority Rank Value (HPRV) are defined. An algorithm called Heterogeneous Select Value (HSV) is proposed in paper. Both benchmark and extensive experimental evaluation demonstrate the significant improvements in proposed algorithm.

关键词： heterogeneous networked embedded systems heterogeneous upward rank value heterogeneous select value DAG

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Profit-driven resource scheduling for virtualized cloud systems

Profit-driven resource scheduling for virtualized cloud syst...

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international conference on Computer and Information Science (ACIS)

作者： Shiyang Ye Tao Wang Wenbo Zhang Hua Zhong Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Virtualized resource renting is a key issue in IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service) cloud systems. Suitable resource allocation improves resource utilization and increases profit for application providers. the application provider will obtain better revenues according to the Service Level Agreement (SLA), if they rent more virtual resources. However, they will invest much more capital for renting these virtual resources. How many resources a provider rents has become a key thing for cloud applications. this paper addresses the reconciliation objectives by proposing a profit-driven resource scheduling method for virtualized cloud systems. Compared with traditional methods, our method aims at maximizing the revenues by introducing SLA and the cost of renting cloud resource, instead of increasing resource utilization or decreasing early finishing time. We model the performance of applications with queueing theory; calculate the revenues according to the SLA and renting cost; adjust the amount of virtual resources to adapt to dynamic workloads in period. We have implemented a framework for scheduling virtual resources, and applied it in our IaaS cloud platform OnceCloud. the experimental results demonstrate that our method has advantages over existing ones in revenues.

关键词： Monitoring Cloud computing Quality of service Processor scheduling Servers time factors Measurement

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Harnessing Memory Page Distribution for Network-Efficient Live Migration

Harnessing Memory Page Distribution for Network-Efficient Li...

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ieee international conference on High Performance computing and Communications (HPCC)

作者： Kashifuddin Qazi Yang Li Andrew Sohn Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey USA

Live migration of Virtual Machines (VM) is an important part of cloud and data center management that allows load balancing, physical machine (PM) maintenance, and consolidation. Maintaining low network usage spikes and fast times during live migration are necessary goals to ensure that the performance of the migrating VM as well as that of other VMs in the cluster is not degraded. In this paper we present a proactive memory sharing protocol that utilizes the commonality of memory pages between VMs due to similar resident Operating systems and applications to achieve these goals. the proposed method identifies and distributes important shared pages in a cluster over time substantially reducing network usage and enabling fast times during migration. We implement our approach on a test cluster and demonstrate the time and bandwidth benefits achieved with real world loads for both pre and post copy live migration.

关键词： Protocols Operating systems Bandwidth DSL Virtual machining Random access memory Google

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Source Code Annotated Memory Leak Detection for Soft real time embedded systems with Resource Constraints

Source Code Annotated Memory Leak Detection for Soft Real Ti...

引用

ieee international Symposium on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure computing (DASC)

作者： Mabel Mary Joy Wolfgang Mueller Franz Josef Rammig C-Lab University of Paderborn Germany Heinz Nixdorf Institute University of Paderborn Germany

With ever increasing complexity of software and increased competition in the market, it is very important to minimize the production to market delivery time. Early phase detection of serious errors in the design and program can be done with automated approaches which save time. Memory leaks are the most important memory related problems which are severe threats to software applications. We propose a novel hybrid automated source code annotated memory leak detection approach for soft real time embedded system software with no garbage collection. We utilize our source code annotation tool to detect the potential memory leak candidates, which are further analyzed in our hybrid leak detection approach. the control flow graph of the source code generated with our annotation tool provides information of all execution paths, where the basic blocks are annotated with specific marks. Our hybrid method combines static and dynamic approaches. Static phase of the hybrid approach detect the potential leak candidates from the control flow graph. Dynamic phase filters false positives from the static phase results and provide results on the actual leaks. In early design stages where a real execution environment and complete executable software are unavailable, a simulation environment and a virtual platform are necessary. Virtual platforms provide flexibility to change the target architecture to be tested. Our proposed dynamic phase of the approach runs on the virtual memory model platform we implemented in SystemC at an abstract level using Transaction Level Modeling. the software under test is run on top of this model. this makes our approach faster and provides early results. Our approach can be easily deployed across a variety of architectures as it is compiler independent and does not implement any architecture specific features. Moreover the automated approach provides an efficient methodology to determine potential leaks in early phases of software development.

关键词： Leak detection Software Memory management Resource management real-time systems Pattern matching

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An Improved Image File Storage Method Using Data Deduplication

An Improved Image File Storage Method Using Data Deduplicati...

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ieee international conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in computing and Communications (TrustCom)

作者： Zhou Lei Zhaoxin Li Yu Lei Yanling Bi Luokai Hu Wenfeng Shen School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University Shanghai P. R. China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX USA Computer School Hubei University of Education at Wuhan Hubei P. R. China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479965144

Recent years have seen a rapid growth in the number of virtual machines and virtual machine images that are managed to support infrastructure as a service (IaaS). For example, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) has 6,521 public virtual machine images. this creates several challenges in management of image files in a cloud computing environment. In particular, a large amount of duplicate data that exists in image files consumes significant storage space. To address this problem, we propose an effective image file storage technique using data deduplication with a modified fixed-size block scheme. When a user requests to store an image file, this technique first calculates the fingerprint for the image file, and then compares the fingerprint with the fingerprints in a fingerprint library. If the fingerprint of the image is already in the library, a pointer to the existing fingerprint is used to store this image. Otherwise this image will be processed using the fixed-size block image segmentation method. We design a metadata format for image files to organize image file blocks and a new MD5 index table of image files to reduce their retrieval time. the experiments show that our technique can significantly reduce the transmission time of image files that have already existed in storage. Also the deletion rate for image groups which have the same version of operating systems but different versions of software applications is up about 58%.

关键词： Fingerprint recognition Virtual machining Image storage Libraries Operating systems Servers Educational institutions

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Targeting Different Abstraction Layers by Model-Based Design Methods for embedded systems: A Case Study

Targeting Different Abstraction Layers by Model-Based Design...

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ieee 19th international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Rafique, Omair Gesell, Manuel Schneider, Klaus Univ Kaiserslautern Dept Comp Sci D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479908516

In this paper, we show how code can be generated at different levels of abstraction from a single source description. To this end, we use a model-driven development tool called Averest that is based on a synchronous programming language. We illustrate our approach by means of a case study from the domain of distributed real-time automotive embedded systems. this paper focuses thereby mainly on the use of the Averest toolkit to generate code at different levels of abstraction.

关键词： embedded systems

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Specifying Automated Oracles for Simulink Models

Specifying Automated Oracles for Simulink Models

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ieee 19th international conference on embedded and real-time computing systems and applications (RTCSA)

作者： Nardi, Paulo A. Delamaro, Marcio E. Baresi, Luciano Univ Sao Paulo ICMC Sao Carlos SP Brazil Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn I-20133 Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781479908516

this paper presents a partially-automated solution for the definition of test oracles for validating Simulink models. Since these models are widely used for the design of embedded systems, their thorough validation is key. Errors and misunderstandings in these models may preclude the correctness and reliability of the final system: a manual, human-intensive validation activity is not enough, and automated solutions are fundamental to improve the current state of the art. the paper also presents Apolom, a prototype oracle generator, and the results of two experiments.

关键词： Automation embedded systems accuracy class current status state of the art Information retrieval systems-Teletext and videotex Solutions

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