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An empirical study on the vectorization of multimedia applications for multimedia extensions

An empirical study on the vectorization of multimedia applic...

引用

19th ieee international parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2005

作者： Ren, Gang Wu, Peng Padua, David University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY 10598

ISBN: (纸本)0769523129

Multimedia extensions (MME) are architectural extensions to general-purpose processors to boost the performance of multimedia workloads. Today, in-line assembly code, intrinsic functions and library routines are the most common means to program these extensions. A promising alternative is to exploit vectorization technology to automatically generate MME instructions from programs written in standard high-level languages. However, despite the early success of automatic vectorization for traditional vector supercomputers, state-of-the-art vectorizing compilers for multimedia extensions have yet to demonstrate their effectiveness, especially on multimedia workloads. In this paper, we conducted an empirical study on the vectorization of media processing programs for multimedia extensions. Our study identified several new issues that are not handled by traditional vectorizers. these issues arise partly as the result of the unique features of MME architectures, partly due to the characteristics of media processing applications. We proposed several techniques to address some of these issues. We further assessed the effectiveness of our techniques by manually applying them to a set of multimedia programs. In addition, we found that further optimizations after vectorization are essential to benefit from multimedia extensions. In our experiments, 23 of 34 core procedures from the Berkeley Media Benchmark (BMW) were manually vectorized and 14 procedures achieved speedups of 1.10 to 3.39 on a Pentium 4 processor.

关键词： Multimedia systems

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Characterizing secure dynamic web applications scalability

Characterizing secure dynamic web applications scalability

引用

19th ieee international parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2005

作者： Guitart, Jordi Beltran, Vicenç Carrera, David Torres, Jordi Ayguadé, Eduard Computer Architecture Department Technical University of Catalonia Campus Nord UPC C/Jordi Girona 1-3 Mòdul C6 E-08034 Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0769523129

Security in the access to web contents and the interaction with web sites is becoming one of the most important issues in Internet. Servers need to provide certain levels of security so that the user feels comfortable when running the applications that provide the services he/she requires. HTTP over SSL is the most used solution, providing mutual authentication between the two interacting parts. the SSL protocol does not introduce complexity in web applications but increases the computational demand on the server, reducing its capacity to serve large number of clients and increasing the time to serve them. In order to compensate the degradation in the quality of service, the server needs to be upgraded with additional resources, mainly processors and memory. In this paper we analyze the scalability of servers that run secure dynamic web applications. We analyze how the server behaves when it is stressed with different number of clients and how the quality of service is degraded. We perform a detailed analysis of the server behavior and analyze the impact of adding more processors to the system that runs the server. the analysis is done using a fine-grained analysis framework that considers all levels in the application server execution (i.e. application, server, JVM and OS kernel). the RUBiS auction site benchmark is used to stress a Tomcat application server running on a commodity 4-way multiprocessor Intel platform with Linux.

关键词： Security of data

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Pitch estimation for polyphony musical sounds with a percussion sound using resonator-type comb filters

Pitch estimation for polyphony musical sounds with a percuss...

引用

8th international symposium on Signal processing and Its applications

作者： Saito, T Tadokoro, Y Toyota Natl Coll technol Dept Elect & Elect Syst Engn Toyota Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780392434

this paper proposes a new pitch estimation method using resonator-type comb filters H(z)=1/(1-z(-N)) for the polyphony musical sounds including a percussion sound. We can estimate one pitch of an input sound by detecting the output having maximum amplitude in twelve resonator-type comb filters connected in parallel. To detect other pitches of a polyphony, we connect one notch-type comb filter H(z) = 1 - z(-N), that can eliminate the sound of with the pitch detected before, in series to the parallel connected resonator-type comb filters and again detect the maximum output in the parallel resonator-type comb filters. We could obtain a good performance of the pitch estimation using four musical instruments with pitch and six percussions without pitch.

关键词： Acoustic signal processing

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MicroRouting: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sparse ad hoc networks

MicroRouting: A scalable and robust communication paradigm f...

引用

19th ieee international parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2005

作者： Das, Saumitra M. Pucha, Himabindu Hu, Y. Charlie School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Center for Wireless Systems and Applications Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907

ISBN: (纸本)0769523129

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are selforganizing networks that provide rapid network connectivity in infrastructureless environments. Most routing protocols designed for MANETs assume connected networks. Such a restriction directly limits the application domains of MANETs. In this paper, we study the problem of providing time-critical data delivery in sparse ad hoc networks where network partitions can last for long periods, without imposing any restrictions on the node mobility. Supporting real-time communication with unconstrained mobility is important to many mission-critical applications such as battlefields and search and rescue in large-scale disaster areas. In this paper, we propose microrouting networks consisting of tiny nodes similar to sensors but without transducers (called microrouters) as a substrate for time-critical data delivery in sparse MANETs. We describe the microrouting protocol for the resulting hybrid network which exploits the fact that microrouters are stationary, but are constrained by energy and memory. We demonstrate the viability of the microrouting network architecture via detailed simulation evaluation. Our results show that microrouting networks running the microrouting protocol efficiently extend the connectivity of sparse MANETs and provide high packet delivery ratios.

关键词： Communication systems

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Exploring the energy-time tradeoff in MPI programs on a power-scalable cluster

Exploring the energy-time tradeoff in MPI programs on a powe...

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19th ieee international parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2005

作者： Freeh, Vincent W. Pan, Feng Kappiah, Nandini Lowenthal, David K. Springer, Rob Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Department of Computer Science University of Georgia

ISBN: (纸本)0769523129

Recently, energy has become an important issue in high-performance computing. For example, supercomputers that have energy in mind, such as BlueGene/L, have been built;the idea is to improve the energy efficiency of nodes. Our approach, which uses off-the-shelf, high-performance cluster nodes that are frequency scalable, allows energy saving by scaling down the CPU. this paper investigates the energy consumption and execution time of applications from a standard benchmark suite (NAS) on a power-scalable cluster. We study via direct measurement and simulation both intra-node and inter-node effects of memory and communication bottlenecks, respectively. Additionally, we compare energy consumption and execution time across different numbers of nodes. Our results show that a power-scalable cluster has the potential to save energy by scaling the processor down to lower energy levels. Furthermore, we found that for some programs, it is possible to both consume less energy and execute in less time when using a larger number of nodes, each at reduced energy. Additionally, we developed and validated a model that enables us to predict the energy-time tradeoff of larger clusters.

关键词： Computer applications

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Resource allocation for periodic applications in a shipboard environment

Resource allocation for periodic applications in a shipboard...

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19th ieee international parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2005

作者： Shestak, Vladimir Chong, Edwin K. P. Maciejewski, Anthony A. Siegel, H.J. Benmohamed, Lotfi Wang, I.-Jeng Daley, Rose Colorado State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fort Collins CO 80523-1373 Colorado State University Department of Computer Science Fort Collins CO 80523-1373 Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory 11100 Johns Hopkins Road Laurel MD 20723-6099 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Mathematics Colorado State University IEEE Colorado State University Department of Computer Science ACM Eta Kappa Nu Electrical Engineering Honor Society Sigma Xi Science Honor Society Upsilon Pi Epsilon Computing Sciences Honor Society Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory JHU/APL Applied Physics Lab. IR and D

ISBN: (纸本)0769523129

Providing efficient workload management is an important issue for a large-scale heterogeneous distributed computing environment where a set of periodic applications is executed. the considered distributed system is expected to operate in an environment where the input workload is likely to change unpredictably, possibly invalidating a resource allocation that was based on the initial workload estimate. the tasks consist of multiple application strings, each made up of an ordered sequence of applications. there are quality of service (QoS) constraints that must be satisfied for each string. this work addresses the problem of finding a robust initial allocation of resources to application strings that is able to absorb some level of unknown input workload increase without rescheduling. An allocation feasibility analysis is presented followed by four heuristics for finding a near-optimal allocation of resources. the performance of the proposed heuristics is evaluated and compared using simulation. the proposed heuristics also are compared to a mathematically derived upper bound. © 2005 ieee.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Advanced ECG interpretation routines as world-distributed web services

Advanced ECG interpretation routines as world-distributed we...

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8th international symposium on Signal processing and Its applications

作者： Augustyniak, P Tadeusiewicz, R AGH Univ Sci & Technol Krakow Poland

ISBN: (纸本)0780392434

the manufacturers of ECG equipment usually face the advanced interpretation routines implementation problem. the development of these routines entails great financial expenditures, however for their specificity, the customers rarely demand them. this paper proposes a distributed computing approach to the advanced interpretation routines. Our proposal assumes each cardiologic issue to be interpreted by an unique specialized center automatically or with a human expert assistance if necessary. the interpretation service is accessible through the web for distant clients meeting the selection criteria. these may include customers of a particular enterprise, members of a given society or subscribed individual cardiologists. Among numerous advantages of this proposal, the most important is world wide unification of methods since most complicated software have to be developed only once and remain undisclosed to the others.

关键词： Electrocardiography

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Enhancing availability of grid computational services to ubiquitous computing applications

Enhancing availability of grid computational services to ubi...

引用

19th ieee international parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2005

作者： Roy, Nirmalya Das, Sajal K. Basu, Kalyan Kumar, Mohan Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019-0015

ISBN: (纸本)0769523129

the Grid is an integrated infrastructure that can play the dual roles of a coordinated resource consumer as well as a donator in distributed computing environments. In a mobile grid environment, the Grid acts as a resource hungry consumer whereas in ubiquitous computing environments, it has the inherent potential to provide services to applications. the enormous growth in the use of mobile and embedded devices in ubiquitous computing environment and their interaction with human beings produces a huge amount of data that needs to be processed swiftly anytime anywhere. However, most devices used in ubiquitous environments have limited resources in terms of CPU, storage, battery power and communication bandwidth. In such ubiquitous computing platforms, there is a need to transfer application services to computational resources. In this paper, we investigate the use of the Grid as a candidate for provisioning computational services to applications in ubiquitous computing environments. In particular, we present a competitive model that describes the possible interaction between the competing resources in the Grid Infrastructure as service providers and ubiquitous applications as subscribers. the competition takes place in terms of quality of service (QoS) offered by different Grid Service Providers. the ubiquitous users' resource demands depend not only on the QoS parameters (e.g., response time and loss probability in our context) offered by that service provider but also upon those of its competitors. We develop a stochastic equilibrium model for QoS assurance. Based upon those QoS parameters, we propose two types of demand models whose distribution functions are closely correlated with service level QoS parameters. We proceed to present the equilibrium behavior of our model facing global competition under stochastic demand and estimation of guaranteed QoS assurance level satisfying the requirement of ubiquitous application efficiently. Simulation results show that our

关键词： distributed computer systems

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Robust detection of distributed CA-CFAR in presence of extraneous targets and non-Gaussian clutter

Robust detection of distributed CA-CFAR in presence of extra...

引用

8th international symposium on Signal processing and its applications, ISSPA 2005

作者： Messali, Z. Sahmoudi, M. Soltani, F. Electronic Departement Constantine University Algeria TSI Telecom-Paris 37-39 rue Dareau 75014 Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)0780392434

this paper deals with distributed CA-CFAR detection in presence of Gaussian and non-Gaussian clutter. In Gaussian environment, we propose to apply a wavelet transform based on soft-thresholding in multisensor CA-CFAR systems employing parallel decision fusion in both homogeneous and non homogeneous background in the sense of the Neyman-Pearson (N-P) test. In that context, we propose two approaches to combine the data from the different CA-CFAR detectors to achieve even better detection performance. In the non-Gaussian environment, we propose another preprocessing approach, based on a non-linear compressing filter, to reduce the noise effect. the three proposed new methods are shown to provide better detection performance, especially in lower SNR and in the presence of extraneous targets and heavy-tailed noise. © 2005 ieee.

关键词： Signal detection

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Homogeneous redundancy: A technique to ensure integrity of molecular simulation results using public computing

Homogeneous redundancy: A technique to ensure integrity of m...

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19th ieee international parallel and distributed processing symposium, IPDPS 2005

作者： Taufer, M. Anderson, D. Cicotti, P. Brooks III, C.L. The Scripps Research Institute San Diego CA 92037 United States Center for Theoretical Biological Physics University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92093 United States Dept. of Computer Science University of Texas El Paso El Paso TX 79968 United States Spaces Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94703 United States Dept. of Computer Science University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92093 United States Department of Computer Science University of Texas El Paso U.C. Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory Seientifi C Computation Group Department of Molecular Biology Scripps Research Institute

ISBN: (纸本)0769523129

distributed computing using PCs volunteered by the public can provide high computing capacity at low cost. However, computational results from volunteered PCs have a non-negligible error rate, so result validation is needed to ensure overall correctness. A generally applicable technique is "redundant computing", in which each computation is done on several separate computers, and results are accepted only if there is a consensus. Variations in numerical processing between computers (due to a variety of hardware and software factors) can lead to different results for the same task. In some cases, this can be addressed by doing a "fuzzy comparison" of results, so that two results are considered equivalent if they agree within given tolerances. However, this approach is not applicable to applications that are "divergent", that is, for which small numerical differences can produce large differences in the results. In this paper we examine the problem of validating results of divergent applications. We present a novel approach called Homogeneous Redundancy (HR), in which the redundant instances of a computation are dispatched to numerically identical computers, allowing strict equality comparison of the results. HR has been deployed in Predictor @ home, a world-wide community effort to predict protein structure from sequence.

关键词： distributed computer systems

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