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Proceedings of the 1997 6th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Subhlok, Jaspal Yang, Bwolen Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh United States

High Performance Fortran (HPF) has emerged as a standard language for data parallel computing. However, a wide variety of scientific applications are best programmed by a combination of task and data parallelism. therefore, a good model of task parallelism is important for continued success of HPF for parallel programming. this paper presents a task parallelism model that is simple, elegant, and relatively easy to implement in an HPF environment. Task parallelism is exploited by mechanisms for dividing processors into sub-groups and mapping computations and data onto processor subgroups. this model of task parallelism has been implemented in the Fx compiler at Carnegie Mellon University. the paper addresses the main issues in compiling integrated task and data parallel programs and reports on the use of this model for programming various flat and nested task structures. Performance results are presented for a set of programs spanning signal processing, image processing, computer vision and environment modeling. A variant of this task model is a new approved extension of HPF and this paper offers insight into the power of expression and ease of implementation of this extension.

关键词： parallel processing systems

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Using Data Structure Knowledge for Efficient Lock Generation and Strong Atomicity

Using Data Structure Knowledge for Efficient Lock Generation...

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15th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Upadhyaya, Gautam Midkiff, Samuel P. Pai, Vijay S. Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605587080

To achieve high-performance on multicore systems, shared-memory parallel languages must efficiently implement atomic operations. the commonly used and studied paradigms for atomicity are fine-grained locking, which is both difficult to program and error-prone;optimistic software transactions, which require substantial overhead to detect and recover from atomicity violations;and compiler-generation of locks from programmer-specified atomic sections, which leads to serialization whenever imprecise pointer analysis suggests the mere possibility of a conflicting operation. this paper presents a new strategy for compiler-generated locking that uses data structure knowledge to facilitate more precise alias and lock generation analyses and reduce unnecessary serialization. Implementing and evaluating these ideas in the Java language shows that the new strategy achieves eight-thread speedups of 0.83 to 5.9 for the five STAMP benchmarks studied, outperforming software transactions on all but one benchmark, and nearly matching programmer-specified fine-grained locks on all but one benchmark. the results also indicate that compiler knowledge of data structures improves the effectiveness of compiler analysis, boosting eight-thread performance by up to 300%. Further, the new analysis allows for software support of strong atomicity with less than 1% overhead for two benchmarks and less than 20% for three others. the strategy also nearly matches the performance of programmer-specified fine-grained locks for the SPECjbb2000 benchmark, which has traditionally not been amenable to static analyses.

关键词： Algorithms Performance Design Automatic lock generation transactional memory parallel programming

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the Tasks with Effects Model for Safe Concurrency 13

The Tasks with Effects Model for Safe Concurrency

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18th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Heumann, Stephen T. Adve, Vikram S. Wang, Shengjie Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450319225

Today's widely-used concurrent programming models either provide weak safety guarantees, making it easy to write code with subtle errors, or are limited in the class of programs that they can express. We propose a new concurrent programming model based on tasks with effects that offers strong safety guarantees while still providing the flexibility needed to support the many ways that con-currency is used in complex applications. the core unit of work in our model is a dynamically-created task. the model's key feature is that each task has programmer-specified effects, and a run-time scheduler is used to ensure that two tasks are run concurrently only if they have non-interfering effects. through the combination of statically verifying the declared effects of tasks and using an effect-aware run-time scheduler, our model is able to guarantee strong safety properties, including data race freedom and atomicity. It is also possible to use our model to write programs and computations that can be statically proven to behave deterministically. We describe the tasks with effects programming model and provide a formal dynamic semantics for it. We also describe our implementation of this model in an extended version of Java and evaluate its use in several programs exhibiting various patterns of concurrency.

关键词： Languages Verification Design Performance Tasks effects task scheduling concurrent and parallel programming task isolation data race freedom atomicity determinism

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CPMA: An Efficient Batch-parallel Compressed Set Without Pointers 24

CPMA: An Efficient Batch-Parallel Compressed Set Without Poi...

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29th acm sigplan Annual symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming (PPoPP)

作者： Wheatman, Brian Burns, Randal Buluc, Aydin Xu, Helen Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Lawrence KS USA Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704352

this paper introduces the batch-parallel Compressed Packed Memory Array (CPMA), a compressed, dynamic, ordered set data structure based on the Packed Memory Array (PMA). Traditionally, batch-parallel sets are built on pointerbased data structures such as trees because pointer-based structures enable fast parallel unions via pointer manipulation. Whencompared with cache-optimized trees, PMAswere slower to update but faster to scan. the batch-parallel CPMA overcomes this tradeoff between updates and scans by optimizing for cache-friendliness. On average, the CPMA achieves 3x faster batch-insert throughput and 4x faster range-query throughput compared with compressed PaC-trees, a state-of-the-art batch-parallel set library based on cache-optimized trees. We further evaluate the CPMA compared with compressed PaC-trees and Aspen, a state-of-the-art system, on a realworld application of dynamic-graph processing. the CPMA is on average 1.2x faster on a suite of graph algorithms and 2x faster on batch inserts when compared with compressed PaC-trees. Furthermore, the CPMA is on average 1.3x faster on graph algorithms and 2x faster on batch inserts compared with Aspen.

关键词： packed memory array batch-parallel compression data structures dynamic graphs

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Identifying Scalability Bottlenecks for Large-Scale parallel Programs with Graph Analysis 20

Identifying Scalability Bottlenecks for Large-Scale Parallel...

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25th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming (PPoPP)

作者： Jin, Yuyang Wang, Haojie Tang, Xiongchao Hoefler, Torsten Liu, Xu Zhai, Jidong Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Coll William & Mary Williamsburg VA 23187 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450368186

Scaling a parallel program to modern supercomputers is challenging due to inter-process communication, code serialization, and resource contention. Performance analysis tools for finding such scaling bottlenecks either base on profiling or tracing. Profiling incurs lower overheads but does not capture detailed dependencies needed for root-cause analyses. Tracing collects all information at prohibitive overheads. In this work, we develop ScalAna that uses static analysis techniques to achieve the best of both worlds-it enables the analyzability of traces at a cost similar to profiling. We leverage compiler and runtime lightweight techniques to generate performance graph and perform graph analysis algorithm to detect the root cause of scaling issues. We evaluate ScalAna with real applications on the Tianhe-2 supercomputer. Results show that our approach can effectively locate the root cause of scalability bottlenecks for real applications and incur less than 6.38% overhead (1.89% on average) for up to 2,048 processes.

关键词： Profiling Tools Scaling Loss Analysis Performance Optimization

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Deadlock-free buffer configuration for stream computing

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS 2017年第5期31卷 441-450页

作者： Li, Peng Beard, Jonathan C. Buhler, Jeremy D. Washington Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn St Louis MO 63130 USA

Stream computing is a popular paradigm for parallel and distributed computing, where compute nodes are connected by first-in first-out data channels. Each channel can be considered as a concatenation of several data buffers, including an output buffer for the sender and an input buffer for the receiver. the configuration of buffer sizes impacts the performance as well as the correctness of the application. In this article, we focus on application deadlocks that are caused by incorrect configuration of buffer sizes. We describe three types of deadlock in streaming applications, categorized by how they can be created. To avoid them, we first prove necessary and sufficient conditions for deadlock-free computations;then based on the theorems, we propose both compile-time and runtime solutions for deadlock avoidance.

关键词： Buffer configuration deadlock avoidance feedback channels parallel and distributed computing streaming computing

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ActorSpace: An open distributed programming paradigm 93

ActorSpace: An open distributed programming paradigm

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Agha, Gul Callsen, Christian J. Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Springfield Avenue UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Math and Comp. Science Aalborg University Frederik Bajers Vej 7E Aalborg Øst9220 Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

We present a new programming paradigm called ActorSpace. ActorSpace provides a new communication model based on destination patterns. An actorSpace is a computationally passive container of actors which acts as a context for matching patterns. Patterns are matched against listed attributes of actors and ac-torSpaces that are visible in the actorSpace. Both visibility and attributes are dynamic. Messages may be sent to one or all members of a group denned by a pattern. the paradigm provides powerful support for component-based construction of massively parallel and distributed applications. In particular, it supports open interfaces to servers and pattern-directed access to software repositories. © 1993 acm.

关键词： Computer programming

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Scalable Top-K Retrieval with Sparta 20

Scalable Top-K Retrieval with Sparta

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25th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming (PPoPP)

作者： Sheffi, Gali Basin, Dmitry Bortnikov, Edward Carmel, David Keidar, Idit Technion Haifa Israel Yahoo Res Haifa Israel Amazon Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781450368186

Many big data processing applications rely on a top-k retrieval building block, which selects (or approximates) the k highest-scoring data items based on an aggregation of features. In web search, for instance, a document's score is the sum of its scores for all query terms. Top-k retrieval is often used to sift through massive data and identify a smaller subset of it for further analysis. Because it filters out the bulk of the data, it often constitutes the main performance bottleneck. Beyond the rise in data sizes, today's data processing scenarios also increase the number of features contributing to the overall score. In web search, for example, verbose queries are becoming mainstream, while state-of-the-art algorithms fail to process long queries in real-time. We present Sparta, a practical parallel algorithm that exploits multi-core hardware for fast (approximate) top-k retrieval. thanks to lightweight coordination and judicious context sharing among threads, Sparta scales both in the number of features and in the searched index size. In our web search case study on 50M documents, Sparta processes 12-term queries more than twice as fast as the state-of-the-art. On a tenfold bigger index, Sparta processes queries at the same speed, whereas the average latency of existing algorithms soars to be an order-of-magnitude larger than Sparta's.

关键词： parallel computing multi-threading performance information retrieval web search top-k search

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parallel breadth-first BDD construction

Parallel breadth-first BDD construction

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Proceedings of the 1997 6th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Yang, Bwolen O'Hallaron, David R. Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh United States

With the increasing complexity of protocol and circuit designs, formal verification has become an important research area and binary decision diagrams (BDDs) have been shown to be a powerful tool in formal verification. this paper presents a parallel algorithm for BDD construction targeted at shared memory multiprocessors and distributed shared memory systems. this algorithm focuses on improving memory access locality through specialized memory managers and partial breadth-first expansion, and on improving processor utilization through dynamic load balancing. the results on a shared memory system show speedups of over two on four processors and speedups of up to four on eight processors. the measured results clearly identify the main source of bottlenecks and point out some interesting directions for further improvements.

关键词： parallel algorithms

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PPDP'12 - Proceedings of the 2012 acm sigplan principles and practice of Declarative programming

PPDP'12 - Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGPLAN Principles and...

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14th symposium on principles and practice of Declarative programming, PPDP 2012

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315227

the proceedings contain 19 papers. the topics discussed include: symbolic evaluation graphs and term rewriting a general methodology for analyzing logic programs;automatic synthesis of specifications for first order curry programs;goal-directed execution of answer set programs;layered fixed point logic;a polynomial time ?-calculus with multithreading and side effects;modeling datalog fact assertion and retraction in linear logic;regular expression sub-matching using partial derivatives;functional semantics of parsing actions, and left recursion elimination as continuation passing;linear dependent types in a call-by-value scenario;transparent function types: clearing up opacity;exception handling for copyless messaging;declarative distributed advertisement system for iDTV: an industrial experience;task-oriented programming in a pure functional language;and a linear concurrent constraint approach for the automatic verification of access permissions.

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