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Stochastic Competitive Learning Applied to Handwritten Digit and Letter Clustering

Stochastic Competitive Learning Applied to Handwritten Digit...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： thiago Silva thiago Cupertino Liang Zhao Department of Computer Sciences Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (ICMC) University of São Paulo Sao Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil

Competitive learning is an important mechanism for data clustering and pattern recognition. In this paper, we present a rigorous definition of a new type of competitive learning scheme realized on large scale networks. In this model, several particles walk in the network and compete with each other to occupy as many nodes as possible, while attempting to reject intruder particles. As a result, each particle will dominate a cluster of the network. Moreover, we propose an efficient method for determining the right number of clusters by using the information generated by the competition process itself, avoiding the calculation of an external evaluating index. In this work, we apply the model to handwritten data clustering. computer simulations reveal that the proposed technique obtains satisfactory cluster detection accuracy.

关键词： Communities Data models Neural networks Computational modeling Stochastic processes Energy states Legged locomotion

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Real-Time Terrain Modeling Using CPU-GPU Coupled Computation

Real-Time Terrain Modeling Using CPU-GPU Coupled Computation

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： Adrien Bernhardt Andre Maximo Luiz Velho Houssam Hnaidi Marie-Paule Cani INRIA Grenoble University France IMPA Brazil LIRIS CNRS University of Lyon I France

Motivated by the importance of having real-time feedback in sketch-based modeling tools, we propose a framework for terrain edition capable of generating and displaying complex and high-resolution terrains. Our system is efficient and fast enough to allow the user to see the terrain morphing at the same time the drawing edition occurs. We have two types of editing interactions: the user can draw strokes creating elevations and crevices, and previous strokes can be interactively moved to different regions of the terrain. One interesting feature of our tool is that terrain primitives can be interactively manipulated similarly to primitives in vector-graphics tools. We achieve real-time performance in both modeling and rendering using a hybrid CPU-GPU coupled solution. We maintain a coarse version of the terrain geometry in the CPU by using a quad tree, while a fine version is produced in the GPU using tessellation shaders.

关键词： graphics processing unit Computational modeling Real time systems Mathematical model Rendering (computer graphics) three dimensional displays Timing

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A Parallel Ray Tracing Architecture Suitable for Application-Specific Hardware and GPGPU Implementations

A Parallel Ray Tracing Architecture Suitable for Application...

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Euromicro symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Alexandre S. Nery Nadia Nedjah Felipa M.G. Franca Lech Jozwiak LAM-Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering-Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ BR

the Ray Tracing rendering algorithm can produce high-fidelity images of 3-D scenes, including shadow effects, as well as reflections and transparencies. this is currently done at a processing speed of at most 30 frames per second. therefore, actual implementations of the algorithm are not yet suitable for interactive real-time rendering, which is required in games and virtual reality based applications. Fortunately, the algorithm allows for massive parallelization of its computations. In this paper, we present a parallel architecture for ray tracing based on a uniform spatial subdivision of the scene and exploiting an embedded computation of ray-triangle intersections. this approach allows for a significant acceleration of intersection computations, as well as, a reduction of the total number of the required intersections checks. Furthermore, it allows for these checks to be performed in parallel and in advance for each ray. In this paper we discuss and analyze an ASIP-based implementation using FPGAs and a GPGPU-based parallel implementation of the proposed architecture. the performance of both implementations are reported and compared.

关键词： Ray tracing graphics processing unit Instruction sets computer architecture Registers image color analysis Hardware

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Visualizing 3D Flow of Black-Oil Reservoir Models on Arbitrary Surfaces Using Projected 2D Line Integral Convolution

Visualizing 3D Flow of Black-Oil Reservoir Models on Arbitra...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： thiago Toledo Waldemar Celes Tecgraf/PUC-Rio-Computer Science Department Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil

In the oil industry, clear and unambiguous 3D flow visualization techniques are very important to inspect the results of numerical simulation of black-oil reservoir models. In this paper, we revisit the use of line integral convolution (LIC) for imaging 3D vector fields on arbitrary surfaces and apply it to reservoir visualization. We use a GPU-based method to image the tangential component using the conventional 2D LIC in projected screen space and propose the use of color to encode the normal component. To attach the flow imaging to the 3D surfaces, avoiding image flickering while manipulating the model, we propose a simple scheme based on randomly generated texture coordinate, avoiding the use of a solid 3D texture noise. For animation, we adjust the use of filters to ensure that the animation speed varies in accordance to the field magnitude. We also explore the visualization of multiphase (oil, gas, and water) flow.

关键词： three dimensional displays Vectors image color analysis Reservoirs Convolution Streaming media Animation

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Subspace Clustering for Information Retrieval in Urban Scene Databases

Subspace Clustering for Information Retrieval in Urban Scene...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： Marcelo Coelho Eduardo Valle C´ssio Santos Junior Arnaldo Araujo Institute of Computing University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas SP Brazil Department of Computer Science Federal Univ. of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

We present a comprehensive study of two important subspace clustering algorithms and their contribution to enhance results for the difficult task of matching images of the same object using different devices at different conditions. Our experiments were performed on two distinct databases containing urban scenes which were tested using state-of-the-art matching algorithms. Our start point was the hypothesis that low discriminant local point descriptors lead to misclassification, which can be reduced employing clustering techniques as filters. A significantly amelioration of the results obtained for the two tested databases was achieved, which indicates that subspace clustering techniques have much to contribute at this research area. Another point is whether the occurrence of obstacles like trees and shadows are responsible for misclassification of images.

关键词： Clustering algorithms Feature extraction Visualization Vectors image matching Visual databases

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Fast Low Bit-Rate 3D Searchless Fractal Video Encoding

Fast Low Bit-Rate 3D Searchless Fractal Video Encoding

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： Vitor Lima William Schwartz Helio Pedrini Institute of Computing University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil

Video encoding techniques play an important role in data reduction. Fractal compression has received considerable attention in the past decades. While early methods presented prohibitively large encoding times, recent search less fractal encoders reduced this problem. A fast 3D purely fractal video encoder based on a flexible adaptive spatial subdivision data structure is proposed in this work. the method completely avoids any kind of search for a matching domain block and is capable of performing fast compression and decompression with high visual fidelity. Experimental results show that the developed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art x264 video encoder at very low bit rates in high motion video sequences in both structural dissimilarity measure and encoding time.

关键词： Fractals Encoding image coding Bit rate Transforms Video sequences

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Low Discrepancy Sequences Applied in Block Matching Motion Estimation Algorithms

Low Discrepancy Sequences Applied in Block Matching Motion E...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： Robson Lins Emerson Lima Silvio Melo Center of Informatics Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife Brazil University of Pernambuco (UPE) Brazil

this work presents a fast method for motion estimation by using low discrepancy sequences. the basic idea in this proposal is one based on the reduction of the computational effort involved in the matching of a given block with the reference block. Instead of using a metric that employs all corresponding pixels in both blocks, it uses one that selects a subset of pixels for which the coordinates are determined by the so called low discrepancy sequences. the proposed method is applied to the New three Step Search (NTSS), typically used as a technique for motion estimation in video applications. the results show a reduction in computational complexity of about 80% with regard to the NTSS, with little degradation in the recovered frame. the block matching of this present method can couple nicely with virtually any motion estimation technique, requiring very little change.

关键词： Motion estimation Distortion measurement Vectors Signal processing algorithms Equations Computational complexity Video sequences

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Memory-Efficient Computation of Persistent Homology for 3D images Using Discrete Morse theory

Memory-Efficient Computation of Persistent Homology for 3D I...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： David Gunther Jan Reininghaus Ingrid Hotz Hubert Wagner Zuse Institute Berlin Berlin Germany Institute of Computer Science Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland

We propose a memory-efficient method that computes persistent homology for 3D gray-scale images. the basic idea is to compute the persistence of the induced Morse-Smale complex. Since in practice this complex is much smaller than the input data, significantly less memory is required for the subsequent computations. We propose a novel algorithm that efficiently extracts the Morse-Smale complex based on algorithms from discrete Morse theory. the proposed algorithm is thereby optimal with a computational complexity of O(n2). the persistence is then computed using the Morse-Smale complex by applying an existing algorithm with a good practical running time. We demonstrate that our method allows for the computation of persistent homology for large data on commodity hardware.

关键词： three dimensional displays Indexes Algorithm design and analysis Computational complexity Feature extraction Memory management

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Towards computer-Aided Diagnostics of Screening Mammography Using Content-Based image Retrieval

Towards Computer-Aided Diagnostics of Screening Mammography ...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： thomas Deserno Michael Soiron Julia Oliveira Arnaldo Araujo Department of Medical Informatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Department of Computer Science Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

Screening mammography has been established worldwide for early detection of breast cancer, one of the main causes of death among women in occidental countries. In this paper, we aim at moving towards computer-aided diagnostics of screening mammography. Tissue and lesion are classified using the methodology of content-based image retrieval. In addition, we aim at comprehensive evaluation and have established a large database of annotated reference images (ground truth), which has been merged and unified from different sources publicly available to research. In total, 10,509 mammographic images have been collected from the different sources. From this, 3,375 images are provided with one and 430 radiographs with more than one chain code annotations. this data supports experiments with up to 12 classes, and 233 images per class if a equal distribution is required. Using a two-dimensional principal component analysis with four eigenvalues and a support vector machine with Gaussian kernel for feature extraction and image retrieval, respectively, the precision of computer-aided diagnosis is above 80%. It therefore may be used as second opinion in screening mammography.

关键词： Lesions Feature extraction Support vector machines Breast Databases Cancer Principal component analysis

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Spatio-temporal Resolution Enhancement of Vocal Tract MRI Sequences Based on the Wiener Filter

Spatio-temporal Resolution Enhancement of Vocal Tract MRI Se...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： Ana Luisa Martins Nelson Mascarenhas Departamento de Computao Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Sao Carlos Sao Paulo Brazil

Research on human speech production is highly dependent upon information about the position and movements of the speech articulators. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the main tool to support this process. With this technique, image sequences can be acquired in the act of speech, which allows identifying shapes of the vocal tract in real time. However, the spatial and temporal resolution requirements are not known a priori and are expected to vary according to the speech task. Several available approaches enhance resolution by either changing the acquisition process of current devices, or by trading the acquisition devices themselves by more powerful ones. Both solutions involve additional hardware costs. In this paper, we propose an evolution of an approach to enhance spatio-temporal resolution of MRI image sequences of the vocal tract using only digital image processing techniques. On one hand, temporal resolution is increased by generating intermediate images according to the movement present in an observed sequence. On the other hand, spatial resolution is increased by applying a novel approach to super-resolution image reconstruction based on the Wiener filter. To evaluate the proposed approach, we processed a set of five simulated low resolution images in a sequence. Compared to available methods, results provide evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Spatial resolution image reconstruction Speech Magnetic resonance imaging Estimation Computational modeling

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