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2-D histogram-based segmentation of postal envelopes

2-D histogram-based segmentation of postal envelopes

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： E.A. Yonekura J. Facon Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Paraná PUCPR Curitiba Parana Brazil

Mail sorting automation is yet a partially solved challenge. Due to no fixed positions of the semantic information in envelope images, part of this challenge is the automatic location of address blocks. We approach this problem by proposing a new postal envelope segmentation method based on 2D histogram clustering and watershed transform. Segmentation task consists in detecting the 2D histogram modes associated with homogeneous regions in envelope. A new filter used for 2D histogram calculation is proposed. the homogeneous modes in 2D histogram are segmented through the morphological watershed transform. Our approach is applied to complex postal envelopes. Very little a priori knowledge of the envelope images is required. the advantages of this approach are described and illustrated with tests carried out on 300 different images where there are no fixed position for the handwritten address block, postmarks and stamps. A groundtruth strategy is employed to evaluate the accuracy of segmentation.

关键词： image segmentation Postal services Histograms Gabor filters Filtering Spatial databases Sorting image databases Automation Envelope detectors

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Quantized features for gesture recognition using high speed vision camera

Quantized features for gesture recognition using high speed ...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： S. Perrin M. Ishikawa Ishikawa Hashimoto Laboratory University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

In addition to speech, gestures have been considered as a means of interacting with a computer as naturally as possible. Like speech, gestures can be acquired and recognized using hidden Markov models (HMMs), but there are several problems that must be overcome. We propose solutions to two of these problems: the feature extraction and the HMMs training. First, the acquisition is done by means of a high speed vision camera which allows the position of a hand to be obtained every 1 ms. this simplifies the feature extraction task and also allows low-level fusion with speech to be considered, which is a future goal. Secondly, we introduce quantized features, after carefully selecting extracted features, in order to avoid drastically increasing the size of the gesture database needed for good training of the HMMs. We finally show results that demonstrate the ability of such quantized features to significantly improve the recognition rate despite a rather small database and to allow user-independent recognition of gestures.

关键词： Cameras Hidden Markov models Speech recognition Feature extraction Spatial databases Stochastic processes Strontium Fuzzy logic Laboratories computer vision

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Regularized pel-recursive motion estimation using generalized cross-validation and spatial adaptation

Regularized pel-recursive motion estimation using generalize...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： V. Estrela L.A. Rivera P.C. Beggio R.T. Lopes LCMAT-CCT Grupo de Computação Científica Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Campos Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear EE/COPPE/ UFRJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil

the computation of 2D optical flow by means of regularized pel-recursive algorithms raises a host of issues, which include the treatment of outliers, motion discontinuities and occlusion among other problems. We propose a new approach which allows us to deal with these issues within a common framework. Our approach is based on the use of a technique called generalized cross-validation to estimate the best regularization scheme for a given pixel. In our model, the regularization parameter is a matrix whose entries can account for diverse sources of error. the estimation of the motion vectors takes into consideration local properties of the image following a spatially adaptive approach where each moving pixel is supposed to have its own regularization matrix. Preliminary experiments indicate that this approach provides robust estimates of the optical flow.

关键词： Motion estimation image motion analysis Optical computing Pixel Vectors Optical sensors image processing Interpolation Optical noise Instruments

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RZSweep: a new hardware-assisted volume-rendering technique for regular datasets

RZSweep: a new hardware-assisted volume-rendering technique ...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： Gautam Chaudhary Lakshmy Ramaswamy R. Farias University of California Irvine CA USA National Laboratory for Scientific Computing Petropolis Rio de Janeiro Brazil

A long-standing challenge in the field of volume rendering is to obtain high quality images in near real-time. this is particularly important for scientific datasets where highly precise results are required to ensure accurate data interpretation. We present RZSweep as a new hardware-assisted technique for volume rendering of regular datasets based on the plane-sweep paradigm. Although some research has been done in the past for irregular datasets, we present the first attempt to explore the capabilities of the plane sweep paradigm for regular datasets. RZSweep is an exact, object order, direct volume rendering (DVR), back-to-front projection algorithm wherein a plane sweeps through the volume in depth order, projecting all the data elements within the user specified threshold onto the image plane. the algorithm uses a hardware rendering pipeline to composite the final image. the space complexity of the algorithm is bound to the number of vertices in the largest diagonal plane of the dataset. A prototype of the algorithm renders a dataset of size 256/sup 3/ in near real-time of 0.77 seconds on a single off-the-shelf commodity hardware PC. Every data element within the specified threshold contributes to the final image in its correct spatial order that is guaranteed by the use of a heap.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) Transfer functions Hardware Data visualization Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography Positron emission tomography Lattices Laboratories Scientific computing

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Helical CT reconstruction from wide cone-beam angle data using ART

Helical CT reconstruction from wide cone-beam angle data usi...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： B.M. Carvalho G.T. Herman Doctoral Program in Computer Science The Graduate Center City College and Graduate Center City University of New York New York NY USA

We report on new results on the use of algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) for reconstructing from helical cone-beam computerized tomography (CT) data. We investigate two variants of ART for this task: a standard one that considers a single ray in an iterative step and a block version which groups several cone-beam projections when calculating an iterative step. Both algorithms were implemented using modified Kaiser-Bessel window functions, also known as blobs, placed on the body-centered cubic (bcc) grid. the algorithms were used to reconstruct a modified 3D Shepp-Logan phantom from data collected for the PI-geometry for two different maximum cone-beam angles (/spl plusmn/9.46/spl deg/ and /spl plusmn/18.43/spl deg/). Both scattering and quantum noise (for three different noise levels) were introduced to create noisy projections. the results presented here (for both noiseless and noisy data sets) point to the fact that, as opposed to filtered backprojection algorithms, the quality of the reconstructions produced by the ART methods does not suffer from the increase in the cone-beam angle.

关键词： Subspace constraints image reconstruction Computed tomography X-ray detection X-ray detectors Noise level Object detection Iterative algorithms X-ray imaging Sensor arrays

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Work distribution for parallel ZSweep algorithm

Work distribution for parallel ZSweep algorithm

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： R. Farias C. Bentes A. Coelho S. Guedes L. Goncalves National Laboratory for Scientific Computing LNCC Petropolis Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Systems Engineering State University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Electronic Computing Center NCE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Computer Enginnering and Automation Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Brazil

Distributed systems such as clusters of PCs are low-cost alternatives for running parallel rendering systems, but they have high communication overhead, and limited memory capacity on each processing node. We focus on the strategy for distributing the parallel rendering work among the PCs. A good distribution strategy provides better load balance, and avoids the need for replicating data on the relatively small memory of each PC. Our goal is to study different distribution strategies on the scope of the Parallel ZSweep algorithm, introducing in PZSweep another work distribution strategy: work stealing. this strategy allows a decentralized control of the work to be done, and provides a dynamic load redistribution. We propose two different algorithms to select the processor that will be "stolen" and show that the simplest one, nearest neighbor, was the most efficient. We also showed that the load redistribution schemes strongly depended on the initial load distribution, with an interleaved assignment, our systems could outperform the original parallel ZSweep algorithm. We conclude that for running large datasets on a cluster of PCs, parallel ZSweep requires dynamic load distribution strategy.

关键词： Personal communication networks Distribution strategy Clustering algorithms Costs Laboratories Scientific computing Systems engineering and theory Automation Distributed control Nearest neighbor searches

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Blood vessels segmentation in nonmydriatic images using wavelets and statistical classifiers

Blood vessels segmentation in nonmydriatic images using wave...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

作者： J.J.G. Leandro J.V.B. Soares R.M. Cesar H.F. Jelinek Department of Computer Science Institute of Mathematics and Statistics-USP Sao Paulo Brazil School of Community Health Charles Sturt University Albury Australia

this work describes a new framework for automatic analysis of optic fundus nonmydriatic images, focusing on the segmentation of the blood vessels by using pixel classification based on pattern recognition techniques. Each pixel is represented by a feature vector composed of color information and measurements at different scales taken from the continuous wavelet (Morlet) transform as well as from mean and order filtering applied to the green channel. the major benefit resulting from the wavelet application to the optic fundus images is its multiscale analysing capability in tuning to specific frequencies, thus allowing noise filtering and blood vessel enhancement in a single step. Supervised classifiers are then applied to label each pixel as either a vessel or a nonvessel. Two different strategies to select the training set have been devised: (1) the blood vessels of a sample image are completely drawn by hand, leading to a labeled image (i.e. vessels /spl times/ nonvessel pixels) which is used to train the classifier, to be applied to other images; (2) the vessels located in a given small portion of the target image are drawn by hand and the remaining fundus image is segmented by a classifier trained using the hand-drawn portion to define the training set. the latter strategy is particularly suitable for the implementation of a semiautomated software to be used by health workers in order to avoid the need of setting imaging parameters such as thresholds. Both strategies have been extensively assessed and several successful experimental results using real-case images have been obtained.

关键词： Blood vessels Biomedical imaging image segmentation Optical filters image analysis Pixel Continuous wavelet transforms Filtering Optical noise Pattern analysis

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Optimal point set projections onto regular grids

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14th International symposium on Algorithms and Computation, ISAAC 2003

作者： Díaz-Báñez, José Miguel Hurtado, Ferran López, Mario Alberto Antoni Sellarès, J. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II Universidad de Sevilla Spain Departament de Matemática Aplicada II U.P.C Barcelona Spain Department of Computer Science University of Denver DenverCO United States Institut d’Informàtica i Aplicacions Universitat de Girona Girona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783540206958

the problem of determining nice (regular, simple, minimum crossing, monotonic) and non-degenerate (with distinct x-coordinate, non-collinear, non-cocircular, non-parallel) orthogonal and perspective images of a set of points or a set of disjoint line segments has been studied extensively in the literature for the theoretical case of infinite resolution images. In this paper we propose to extend the study of this type of problems to the case where the images have finite resolution. Applications dealing with such images are common in practice, in fields such as computer graphics and computer vision. We derive algorithms that solve the simplest problem of obtaining an optimal orthogonal image of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional point set. Due to the high cost of the proposed algorithms we also present algorithms that provide approximate solutions to the problems with better complexity. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： Geometry

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Proceedings 15th brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing

Proceedings 15th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics an...

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brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing (SIBGRAPI)

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Edugraph: Software to teach computer graphics concepts 15

Edugraph: Software to teach computer graphics concepts

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15th brazilian symposium on computer graphics and image processing

作者： Battaiola, AL Elias, NC Domingues, RD Univ Fed Sao Carlos BR-13560 Sao Carlos SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)076951846X

Computational processing capacity allows the development of sophisticated interactive animation with different kinds of media resources. computer games are examples of multimedia software with entertainment and high sophistication characteristics. Such technology allied with cognitive concepts can be used to implement educational software. this poster describes the implementation of a software to teach computer graphics concepts based on entertainment and cognitive criteria.

关键词： Animation

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