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Shedding the Bits: Pushing the Boundaries of Quantization with Minifloats on FPGAs

Shedding the Bits: Pushing the Boundaries of Quantization wi...

引用

international conference on field programmable logic and applications

作者： Shivam Aggarwal Hans Jakob Damsgaard Alessandro Pappalardo Giuseppe Franco thomas B. Preußer Michaela Blott Tulika Mitra School of Computing National University of Singapore Singapore AMD Research and Advanced Development Dublin Ireland Electrical Engineering Unit Tampere University Finland AMD Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331530075

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530082

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is a powerful technique for model compression, reducing the numerical precision in neural networks without additional training overhead. Recent works have investigated adopting 8 -bit floating-point formats (FP8) in the context of PTQ for model inference. However, floating-point formats smaller than 8 bits and their relative comparison in terms of accuracy-hardware cost with integers remains unexplored on FPGAs. In this work, we present minifloats, which are reduced-precision floating-point formats capable of further reducing the memory footprint, latency, and energy cost of a model while approaching full-precision model accuracy. We implement a custom FPGA-based multiply-accumulate operator library and explore the vast design space, comparing minifloat and integer representations across 3 to 8 bits for both weights and activations. We also examine the applicability of various integer-based quantization techniques to minifloats. Our experiments show that minifloats offer a promising alternative for emerging workloads such as vision transformers.

关键词： Training Quantization (signal) Costs Accuracy Neural networks Transformers Data models Numerical models Resource management field programmable gate arrays

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Using Machine Learning to Predict Public Prosecution Judges Decisions in Moroccan Courts 14

Using Machine Learning to Predict Public Prosecution Judges ...

引用

14th international conference on Ambient Systems, Networks and Technologies Networks, ANT 2023 and the 6th international conference on Emerging Data and Industry 4.0, EDI40 2023

作者： Mohammed, Essoujaa Mustapha, Esghir Mourad, Azhari Mohammed v University in Rabat Faculty of Sciences Laboratory of Mathematics Computing and Applications Rabat Morocco Center of Guidance and Planning of Education Rabat Morocco

the use of Machine Learning in the field of justice aims to make a machine capable of understanding legal texts. In Morocco, the Public Prosecution Judges is responsible for representing the community and defending its rights before the courts, and ensuring that the basic interests are respected when the case is brough. therefore, Public Prosecution judges undertake judicial and administrative tasks, they receive citizens, study their complaints and take appropriate decisions. In this work, we focus on citizens complaints. We have determined the decision-making process of prosecutors when dealing with citizents complaints. Next, we will establich a dataset of complaints and processing in order to extract important informations and characteristics that can determinat judge's decision. Later, different machine learning algorithms will be applied to the dataset and the final conclusion on the performances of these algorithms will be drawn. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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KIT: Kernel Isotropic Transformation of Bilateral Filters for Image Denoising on FPGA

KIT: Kernel Isotropic Transformation of Bilateral Filters fo...

引用

international conference on field programmable logic and applications

作者： Fanny Spagnolo Pasquale Corsonello Fabio Frustaci Stefania Perri Department of Informatics Modelling Electronics and Systems Engineering Department of Mechanical Energy and Management Engineering University of Calabria Rende Italy

ISBN: (数字)9798331530075

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530082

A Bilateral filter (BF) is commonly adopted as a pre-processing stage in several computer vision tasks because of its ability to denoise images. In contrast to the traditional image convolution that adopts a static kernel, a BF computes adaptive weights on-the-fly by applying exponentiation and division operations to the current pixel window. Prior works dealing with hardware acceleration of the BF rely on straightforward implementations that approximate the exponential function through look-up-tables (LUTs). this paper presents a new approximation technique to efficiently deploy a BF within real-time and low-energy intelligent systems based on FPGAs. the proposed strategy replaces the adaptive filter with its inexact isotropic version. this choice allows dropping a certain number of operations, thus resulting in enhanced speed and energy performances with respect to state-of-the-art hardware accelerators. When implemented on the AMD Xilinx Zynq XC7Z020 FPGA device, the proposed $5 \times 5$ BF design elaborates ∽237 Mega pixels per second and consumes at most 174 mW, with a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) degradation of just 0.55% at a noise standard deviation equal to 30.

关键词： Performance evaluation PSNR Noise Adaptive filters Real-time systems Table lookup Kernel field programmable gate arrays Hardware acceleration Standards

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A Switchable Near-field and Far-field Compact Antenna Based on Ferromagnetic Resonance 14

A Switchable Near-Field and Far-Field Compact Antenna Based ...

引用

14th international conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT)

作者： Wang, Yexin Fang, Yanru Liu, Changrong Liu, Xueguan Soochow Univ Sch Elect Informat Suzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665467520

this letter presents a switchable near-field and far-field compact antenna based on ferromagnetic resonance, which can be used in radio frequency identification applications. By changing the bias magnetic field, the frequency point of ferromagnetic resonance can be adjusted to change the radiated power. With the artificial transmission line structure, the overall size is small. It has the advantage of a uniform magnetic field. Simulated results show that the proposed antenna works on the American radio frequency identification frequency band and realizes gain switching from -2.5 to 5 dB. It can generate a strong and uniform magnetic field in the NF region and provide a 5 dB FF gain. Compared with other antennas, ferromagnetic resonance is seldom used, but it has the advantages of easy manufacture and certain values for reference.

关键词： artificial transmission line far-field ferromagnetic resonance radio frequency identification near-field

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Implementation of Improved Artificial Potential field Path Planning Algorithm in Differential Drive Mobile Robot 14

Implementation of Improved Artificial Potential Field Path P...

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14th international conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ICITEE 2022

作者： Puriyanto, Riky Dwi Wahyunggoro, Oyas Cahyadi, Adha Imam Universitas Gadjah Mada Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Yogyakarta Indonesia Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Yogyakarta Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9781665460774

ISBN: (纸本)9781665460774

An autonomous mobile robot (AMR) with wheel drive is one of the most widely developed applications today. Navigation ability, especially path planning, is one of the problems faced in AMR development. One of the path planning algorithms that is considered reliable and can be implemented in real-time is the artificial potential field (APF). However, the weakness of APF is that the robot can be trapped in the minimum locale. the local minimums commonly encountered are goal non-reachable due to nearby obstacles (GNRON) and symmetrically aligned robot obstacle goals (SAROG). this study aims to develop an APF-based path planning algorithm to solve the local minimum problem. the Gompertz function and the cone-shaped potential field are used in the Improved APF (IAPF) algorithm. the IAPF algorithm is also implemented in the kinematic equation of a wheeled mobile robot with a differential drive type. the results show that the IAPF algorithm can be implemented in a differential drive type robot. the robot can avoid obstacles in the form of SAROG and GNRON and go to the goal with an error to the goal (d_rg) less than the tolerance value of 5%. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile robots

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Edge Computing Enabled Smart Warehouse Management System for Food Processing Industries 14

Edge Computing Enabled Smart Warehouse Management System for...

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14th international conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies, ICCCNT 2023

作者： Gowrishankar, V. Veena, P. Ponmurugan, P. Annapoorani, B. Vijayakumar, P. Siva Ramkumar, M. Velalar College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Erode India K S R Institute for Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Tiruchengode India Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research Department of Research Chennai600078 India Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sathyamangalam India Kongu Engineering College Department of Master of Computer Applications Tamil Nadu Perundurai638060 India Faculty of Engineering Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Coimbatore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350335095

Food safety is a primary concern across all global platforms, and food storage is a crucial and essential part of management. this clarifies that food warehousing should be fully automated or has some management system. Good food storage plays a vital role in food security, which is affected by food waste and food loss. As a result, it is critical to identify and remove microbial contamination before it spreads to other items. To end that, we propose an edge computing-enabled intelligent warehouse system with an ESP32 microcontroller and micropython. the food commodities studied in the other papers were fish, dairy, fresh food products, crop-field cucumber, seafood, wine, and pre-packaged food. the various gas sensors are used to detect microbial growth, food decay, and shelf life. Humidity and temperature sensors are employed to monitor the warehouse environment, along with RFID technology to track food items. Multiple nodes accessible via Telegram and dashboard notifications will be put in the building to enable law enforcement collaboration. these nodes will exchange information on the building's structure. Compared to the traditional warehouse management system, the proposed edge computing-enabled IoT warehouse shelves reduce waste and contamination in fruit and vegetable chambers. Designs are experimented with different sets of fruits and vegetables. Continuous live monitoring and an alert system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed innovative framework compared with an existing management system. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Food storage

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Gate-All-Around Silicon Nanowire field Effect Transistor Behavior at High Gate Voltages

Gate-All-Around Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor Beh...

引用

international conference on Nanomaterials: Application & Properties (NAP)

作者： Reza Nekovei Daryoush Shiri Amit Verma Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Texas A&M University - Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA Department of Microtechnology & Nanoscience Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

ISBN: (数字)9798350380125

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380132

this paper presents an observance of a novel phenomenon in gate-all-around field effect transistor (GAAFET) structures with a 1D active semiconducting channel. In this work, a small-diameter silicon nanowire is modeled, and its behavior is studied. the GAAFET device is modeled using an ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulator in which the electrostatic potential landscape in the nanowire is solved self-consistently using the Gauss Law in integral form. the model captures an unexpected operation region. It is observed that after certain voltage values of gate-to-source voltage, $\mathbf{V}_{\mathrm{gs}}$, the device shows a negative differential resistance (NDR), with the current I ds decreasing while increasing V gs .

关键词： Semiconductor device modeling Resistance Electric potential Monte Carlo methods field effect transistors logic gates Electromagnetic compatibility Silicon Supercomputers Electric fields

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Design of Real-Time Multiplayer Word Game for the Android Platform Using Firebase and Fuzzy logic

Design of Real-Time Multiplayer Word Game for the Android Pl...

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international conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and applications (IISA)

作者： Tselepatiotis Michail Efthimios Alepis Department of Informatics University of Piraeus Piraeus Greece

In this paper, a real-time, multi-player Android application is proposed, specifically a word game. the suggested application enables users to compete with other players in coming up with words using the same letters under time constraints. In certain scenarios, the system may match users with bots for gameplay. the user is given the impression that he is playing against a real opponent given the bot is adjusted to his skill level through an AI-empowered bot. Prefix tree (Trie) data structure and fuzzy logic have been utilized to develop the abovementioned system, which determines when to play and how many words to generate. the common AES method with a 128-bit key has been implemented for messaging encryption.

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Requirements for Fuzzy logic in Personalisation of Fire Emergency Alerts

Requirements for Fuzzy Logic in Personalisation of Fire Emer...

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international conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and applications (IISA)

作者： Nancy Alonistioti Evangelia Aikaterini Tsichrintzi Konstantina Chrysafiadi Efthimios Alepis Dpt. of Informatics and Telecommunications National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece Department of Informatics University of Piraeus Piraeus Greece

During major natural disasters like extreme weather events and wildfires, it is very important to notify citizens when the danger level exceeds certain thresholds. However, defining these thresholds in an entirely discrete manner is challenging, despite their major importance. Conversely, triggering an alarm without sufficient justification can be costly for the state and unnecessarily disrupt the lives of citizens. In this regard, employing a more flexible approach, such as fuzzy logic, in the context of artificial intelligence empowerment of the whole process, can provide rules to mitigate the discreteness of alarm thresholds. Failing to raise an alarm, when necessary, can result in significant human and property losses. In this article, we present a new approach that utilises fuzzy logic to classify danger thresholds in a smoother and more effective manner for the civil protection. the paper offers valuable insights into the practical implementation of Fuzzy logic and the entire life cycle of the proposed Fuzzy logic-based approach. this approach is designed to be iterative, involving key stakeholders to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.

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Exploring the Versal AI Engines for Signal Processing in Radio Astronomy

Exploring the Versal AI Engines for Signal Processing in Rad...

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international conference on field programmable logic and applications

作者： Victor Van Wijhe Vincent Sprave Daniele Passaretti Nikolaos Alachiotis Gerrit Grutzeck thilo Pionteck Steven Van der Vlugt Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) 7990 AA Dwingeloo The Netherlands Faculty of EEMCS University of Twente The Netherlands Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Bonn Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798331530075

ISBN: (纸本)9798331530082

Nowadays, heterogeneous architectures are widely used to overcome the ongoing demand for increased computing performance at the edge, such as the pre-processing of raw antenna data in radio telescope systems. the Versal Adaptive SoC is a novel heterogeneous architecture that includes programmable logic (PL), a Processing System, and Artificial Intelligence Engines (AIEs) interconnected by a programmable Network-on-Chip. In this work, we explore the AIEs to evaluate their capabilities for real-time signal processing in radio telescope systems. We focus on the implementation of a Polyphase Filter Bank (PFB), which is a representative signal processing operation that consists of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters and the Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. We analyzed the performance of the AIEs with regard to the requirements of LOFAR, the world’s largest low-frequency radio telescope. By means of the roofline model, we reveal that the AIEs theoretically meet the LOFAR computational requirements, but the FIR vendor-provided library implementation did not reach the required performance. therefore, we explore several optimization strategies for the FIR implementation on the AIEs and analyze the communication options between the PL and the AIE array. Finally, we have developed an efficient PFB implementation that requires only 12 AIEs. A prototype on a VC1902 device achieves a throughput of 437 MSPS, which is more than sufficient for a single antenna polarization of the LOFAR system. this work is open source and publicly available at: https://***/rd/acap.

关键词： Performance evaluation Radio astronomy Finite impulse response filters Filter banks Computer architecture logic gates throughput Space exploration Antennas Engines

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