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15th international acm conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC)

作者： Papavlasopoulou, Sofia Giannakos, Michail N. Jaccheri, Letizia Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Sem Saelands Vei 7-9 N-7491 Trondheim Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343138

With the proliferation of programming languages for children (i.e., Scratch, Alice, Kodu) combined with programmable hardware (i.e., Arduino, 3D printers, robots);efforts to provide evidence based best practices for introducing and engaging children in programming is urgently needed. In this work-in-progress we present the early results of an empirical investigation, regarding students' attitudes towards the creative learning context, and the differences between female and male students. the context is a workshop program, implemented by a group of computer science researchers and artists, with the purpose to introduce young students' programming through creative and meaningful experiences. Hundred and twenty-eight 15-years old students participated to the program. the empirical evaluation is implemented by a post-survey with 105 respondents, and organized around six attitudes: Satisfaction;Intention to use;Enjoyment;Easiness;Usefulness;and Learning Performance. Quantitative data analysis show that there is significant difference between the two genders and that the attitudes have significant relations between them.

关键词： Computer Science education programming workshops learning female students

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Talkoo: A new paradigm for physical computing at school 16

Talkoo: A new paradigm for physical computing at school

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15th international acm conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC)

作者： Katterfeldt, Eva-Sophie Cuartielles, David Spikol, Daniel Ehrenberg, Nils Univ Bremen Dimeb Bremen Germany Arduino Verkstad AB Malmo Sweden Malmo Univ Malmo Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343138

Introducing physical computing into regular school classes is challenged by constraints of schedules and curricula structures, which do not allow for time-consuming electronics prototyping. We present a novel approach to prototyping with physical computing components with the Arduino-based TALKOO kit: It comprises hardware modules, a visual IDE and prototyping material. Sensor and actuator modules are pluggable and do not require soldering and prior knowledge in electronics. the components have the ability to "talk" back to the visual IDE and to a learning analytics system. A new paradigm for visual programming maps physical modules onto virtual representations on screen making programming more intuitive. the TALKOO kit expands the field of application of physical computing for children in regular school contexts. Preliminary evaluation results show that children were able to build elaborative prototypes within an hour.

关键词： Education children physical computing visual programming

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Empowering Children To Rapidly Author Games and Animations Without Writing Code 16

Empowering Children To Rapidly Author Games and Animations W...

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15th international acm conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC)

作者： Banerjee, Rahul Yip, Jason Lee, Kung Jin Popovic, Zoran Univ Washington Ctr Game Sci Comp Sci & Engn Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Informat Sch Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343138

Prior research has established that long-term interests in programming are often shaped by formative computing experiences, especially those involving programming and graphics. Existing authoring environments for children (ages 9-14) to make 2D games and animations require them to: (a) create programs, (b) customize templates, or (c) combine rewrite rules with programs. One way to support early experiences in computing for a more diverse set of learners is to simplify such authoring systems, by removing text heavy code and minimizing cognitive load, which can allow separation of coding concepts from writing code. In this paper, we describe an exploratory system we are designing to test this idea, called BlockStudio. Using a programming By Example paradigm, children manipulate colored blocks on the screen to specify desired behavior via concrete changes. Based on these inputs, our system synthesizes generalized rules based on color. We give a brief overview of our current prototype, then share insights gleaned from two intergenerational co-design sessions with children and discuss implications for designers of similar systems.

关键词： Authoring games interactive content programming by example rule-based system user interface

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An Efficient Method for Clock Skew Scheduling to reduce Peak Current 29

An Efficient Method for Clock Skew Scheduling to reduce Peak...

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29th international conference on VLSI DESIGN / 15th international conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID)

作者： Vijayakumar, Arunkumar Patil, Vinay C. Kundu, Sandip Univ Massachusetts Dept Elect & Comp Engn Amherst MA 01003 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467387002

Concurrent switching of flip-flops and logic gates produces a current surge in synchronous circuits resulting in power supply noise and integrity issues. It is well known that peak current caused by simultaneous switching can be reduced by clock skew scheduling. It has been shown that this problem may be formulated as an integer linear programming problem. However, such formulation is computationally expensive for designs with large number of flip-flops. In this work, we propose a fast heuristic method to schedule clock skew for reducing peak current. the proposed method is evaluated on ISCAS-89, ITC99 and synthetic benchmark circuits. Results show that the proposed method finds a near-optimal solution within minutes even for the largest benchmark circuits.

关键词： Clock skew Peak current Integer Linear programming

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Studying situated learning in a constructionist programming camp: A multimethod microgenetic analysis of one girl's learning pathway 16

Studying situated learning in a constructionist programming ...

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15th international acm conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC)

作者： Pantic, Katarina Fields, Deborah A. Quirke, Lisa Utah State Univ Logan UT 84322 USA Univ Toronto Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343138

Computationally generated data have increasingly been used to provide insights into individual students' learning in constructionist learning environments. However, such studies have either missed examining the influence of local, physical environments, or they have taken students out of the situated scenarios to study them in isolation. In this paper, we explore an expanded methodological approach in order to examine how computationally generated data insights can potentially be informed or expanded with a microgenetic approach. To achieve that, we examine one ten-year-old novice girl's learning of programming in a week-long Scratch camp, applying a microgenetic approach to analysis across multiple forms of data, from traditional observational and artifact documentation to frequent, computationally generated save data. the findings highlight the utility of this approach in identifying Mila's growing engagement with coding, as well as the iterative and social nature of her learning experiences with Scratch.

关键词： Computer science education do-it-yourself media learning trajectories microgenetic methods big data Scratch

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Emfrp: A functional Reactive programming Language for Small-Scale Embedded Systems 2016

Emfrp: A Functional Reactive Programming Language for Small-...

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15th international conference on Modularity (MODULARITY)

作者： Sawada, Kensuke Watanabe, Takuo Tokyo Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Meguro Ku W8-752-12-1 Ookayama Tokyo 1528552 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450340335

In this paper, we introduce a new functional reactive programming (FRP) language Emfrp designed to support small-scale embedded systems. An Emfrp program defines a system as a fixed directed graph whose nodes correspond to the time-varying values in the system. the language equips a simple mechanism that enables each node to refer the past values of arbitrary nodes. Using this mechanism, Emfrp provides simplicity and flexibility for describing complex time-dependent reactive behaviors without space and time leaks. Our Emfrp compiler produces platform-independent ANSI-C code that can run on multiple processors including resource constrained microcontrollers. To demonstrate the capabilities of the language, we show a simple but non-trivial example application.

关键词： functional Reactive programming Embedded Systems

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User-Centered Design in Block-Based programming: Developmental & Pedagogical Considerations for Children 16

User-Centered Design in Block-Based Programming: Development...

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15th international acm conference on Interaction Design and Children (IDC)

作者： Hansen, Alexandria K. Iveland, Ashley Carlin, Cameron Harlow, Danielle B. Franklin, Diana UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Grad Sch Educ Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA Univ Chicago Ctr Elementary Math & Sci Educ 1427 E 60th St Chicago IL 60637 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343138

In this paper, we present an analysis of 123 students' (aged 9-12) digital stories created in a visual block-based programming language across three grade levels (grades 4-6). these students were all involved in the same introductory computer science curriculum. Participating students attended the same school and received computer science instruction from the same teacher within the context of the academic day. We analyzed each project for the extent of user-centered design that the student programmed. Specifically, we identified two components of user-centered design: 1) the programmed control choices students used, and 2) if/how they communicated those mechanisms of control to the user. Our work indicates that students in fifth and sixth grade (aged 10-12) used higher diversity of event blocks and coordinated action across multiple sprites at a higher rate compared to fourth grade students (aged 9-10). In contrast, fourth grade students tended to create more simplistic programs, rarely coordinating actions across multiple sprites. this work suggests that the construct of user-centered design within visual block-based programming languages is more complex than previously indicated. Additionally, explicit instruction about user-centered design is necessary, but may be more effective when a student reaches the age of 10 or 11 years old.

关键词： User-centered design empathy computer science education graphical programming elementary school K-6 education pedagogy

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ILP-Based Synthesis for Sample Preparation Applications on Digital Microfluidic Biochips 29

ILP-Based Synthesis for Sample Preparation Applications on D...

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29th international conference on VLSI DESIGN / 15th international conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID)

作者： Yadav, Abhimanyu Trung Anh Dinh Kitagawa, Daiki Yamashita, Shigeru Indian Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India Ritsumeikan Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Engn Kusatsu Shiga Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467387002

Digital microfluidic biochips have become one of the most promising technologies in many biomedical fields. In a digital microfluidic biochip, a group of ( adjacent) cells in the microfluidic array can be configured to work as storage, functional operations, as well as for transporting fluid droplets dynamically. there has been proposed a very efficient Integer Linear programming ( ILP)-based method to schedule operations with considering this dynamic reconfigurability. However, the method cannot directly deal with a case having an operation with multiple successors, which is necessary in some bioassays, e.g., sample preparation applications. Sample preparation is a crucial preprocessing step to produce droplets of the desired target concentrations from input reagents. In every optimized application graphs for sample preparation, there are many operations with more than one successors. thus, the previous method cannot be used to get an optimal scheduling, and thus we propose a new framework to use another ILP formulation for scheduling operations in a digital microfluidic biochips. Our formulation can successfully deal with a case where there is a node with multiple successors. Also, our method can find a binding solution at the same time unlike the above-mentioned previous one thanks to our new ILP formulation. Although our ILP formulation seems to be a bit more complex than the previous one, a preliminary experiment demonstrates that the proposed ILP formulation can successfully find the optimal scheduling for practical sample preparation applications within a reasonable time.

关键词： Integer programming

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international Symposium on Memory Management, ISMM

International Symposium on Memory Management, ISMM

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15th acm sigplan international Symposium on Memory Management, ISMM 2016

ISBN: (纸本)9781450343176

the proceedings contain 12 papers. the topics discussed include: block-free concurrent GC: stack scanning and copying;characterizing emerging heterogeneous memory;hardware support for protective and collaborative cache sharing;fast non-intrusive memory reclamation for highly-concurrent data structures;understanding and improving JVM GC work stealing at the data center scale;persistence programming models for non-volatile memory;CBufs: efficient, system-wide memory management and sharing;a bounded memory allocator for software-defined global address spaces;rust as a language for high performance GC implementation;prescient memory: exposing weak memory model behavior by looking into the future;rethinking a heap hierarchy as a cache hierarchy: a higher-order theory of memory demand (HOTM);and liveness-based garbage collection for lazy languages.

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Datafun: A functional Datalog

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acm sigplan NOTICES 2016年第9期51卷 214-227页

作者： Arntzenius, Michael Krishnaswami, Neelakantan R. Univ Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England

Datalog may be considered either an unusually powerful query language or a carefully limited logic programming language. Datalog is declarative, expressive, and optimizable, and has been applied successfully in a wide variety of problem domains. However, most use-cases require extending Datalog in an application-specific manner. In this paper we define Datafun, an analogue of Datalog supporting higher-order functional programming. the key idea is to track monotonicity with types.

关键词： Prolog Datalog logic programming functional programming domain-specific languages type theory denotational semantics operational semantics adjoint logic

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