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Multiagent System Technologies - 4th German conference, MATES 2006, Proceedings

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4th German conference on Multiagent System Technologies, MATES 2006

ISBN: (纸本)3540453768

the proceedings contain 15 papers. the topics discussed include: adding new communication services to the FIPA message transport system;analysis of multi-agent interactions with process mining techniques;engineering agent conversations with the DIALOG framework;modeling and simulation of tests for agents;agent based simulation architecture for evaluating operational policies in transshipping containers;diagnosis of multi-agent plan execution;framework and complexity results for coordinating non-cooperative planning agents;a model driven approach to agent-based service-oriented architectures;meta-models, models, and model transformations: towards interoperable agents;formation of virtual organizations through negotiation;continuations and behavior components engineering in multi-agent systems;evaluating mobile agent platform security;and a new model for trust and reputation management with an ontology based approach for similarity between tasks.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Deterministic Transport Methods for the simulation of Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Scenarios

Deterministic Transport Methods for the Simulation of Gamma-...

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15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

作者： Smith, L. Eric Gesh, Christopher J. Pagh, Richard T. McConn, Ronald J. Ellis, J. Edward Kaye, William R. Meriwether, George H. Miller, Erin Shaver, Mark W. Starner, Jason R. Valsan, Andrei B. Wareing, Todd A. Pacific Northwest Natl Lab POB 999MSIN P7-80 Richland WA 99352 USA Transpire Inc Gig Harbor WA 98335 USA Univ Michigan Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci Dept Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405619

Radiation transport modeling methods used in the radiation detection community fall into one of two broad categories: stochastic (Monte Carlo) and deterministic. Monte Carlo methods are typically the tool of choice for simulating gamma-ray spectrometers operating in homeland and national security settings (e.g. portal monitoring of vehicles or isotope identification using handheld devices), but deterministic codes that discretize the linear Boltzmann transport equation in space, angle, and energy offer potential advantages in computational efficiency for many complex radiation detection problems. this paper describes the development of deterministic algorithms for simulating gamma-ray spectroscopy scenarios. Key challenges include: formulating methods to automatically define an energy group structure that can support modeling of gamma-ray spectrometers ranging from low to high resolution;combining deterministic transport algorithms (e.g. ray-tracing and discrete ordinates) to mitigate ray effects for a wide range of problem types;and developing efficient and accurate methods to calculate gamma-ray spectrometer response functions from the deterministic angular flux solutions. In this paper, the software framework aimed at addressing these challenges is described and results from test problems that compare deterministic and Monte Carlo approaches are provided.

关键词： Gamma ray spectrometers

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3-D volume modeling, feature identification and rendering of a human skull

3-D volume modeling, feature identification and rendering of...

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25th IASTED International conference on Modelling, Identification, and Control, MIC 2006

作者： Meyer, Joerg University of California Irvine Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 644E Engineering Tower Irvine CA 92697-2625 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0889865515

Advanced medical imaging technologies have enabled biologists and biomedical researchers to create accurate models and identify features in complex, large-scale data sets. these models, which are typically based on a CT or MRI scan, occupy large amounts of storage space and can no longer be archived on local hard drives. they are also difficult to transmit over currently existing networks. Large-scale biomedical image data, which is typically stored in a large data repository, must be preprocessed in order to enable real-time data transmission and interactive rendering. To make the model accessible to researchers at remote locations over the Internet within a reasonable amount of time, we are describing a web-based volume modeling and feature identification system that incorporates a multiresolution rendering technique for transforming large-scale volume models into hierarchical representations. We are using Haar wavelets to decompose the data set into a multilevel-of-detail representation that can be transmitted from the server side to the client side in a progressive fashion. the image is rendered using a texture-based visualization technique in Java3D. A new efficient illumination technique has been implemented to improve the image quality of the rendered volumes and to help with the identification of features by using pre-calculated normal vectors for all the surface voxels. the advantage of this method is that the illumination can be calculated on the client side. It does neither affect the data transmission time nor the interactive behavior of the texture-based rendering algorithm.

关键词： Image enhancement

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GRAY: High Energy Photon Ray Tracer for PET Applications

GRAY: High Energy Photon Ray Tracer for PET Applications

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15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

作者： Olcott, Peter D. Buss, Sam R. Levin, Craig S. Pratx, Guillem Sramek, Chris K. Stanford Univ Dept Radiol & Mol Imaging Program Stanford CA 94305 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Math La Jolla CA 92093 USA Stanford Univ Dept Phys Stanford CA 94305 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405619

GRAY (High Energy Photon Ray Tracer) is a Monte-Carlo ray-driven high energy photon transport engine for mainly PET and SPECT applications that supports complex mesh based primitives for source distributions, phantom shapes, and detector geometries. Monte-Carlo modeling is critical for system design evaluation and image reconstruction development. Ray tracing is a technique used in computer graphics to render scenes with realistic light properties. We adapted an open source ray tracing engine to support the physical properties of high energy photon transport. the main project goal of GRAY is to provide a means to import advanced geometrical mesh primitives from graphical CAD programs to create animated vectorial based phantoms and complex detector geometries while preserving physical accuracy and efficient runtime. these phantoms will be able to model complex moving objects targeted towards developing novel image reconstruction algorithms for cardiac, respiratory, and tracer kinetic modeling. Traditionally, complex geometrical phantoms were simulated using a series of discrete voxelized sources that represent the activity source distributions and attenuation media. By using rejection testing, constructive solid geometry can create primitives that are combined using Boolean operations to create complex phantoms. the high energy photon physics modeling of GRAY has been validated against GATE for both runtime performance and accuracy. GRAY runs an order of magnitude faster than GATE with improved geometric modeling capabilities for detectors and sources. To highlight the capabilities of GRAY, a complex mesh phantom of a rat was filled with uniform activity, placed in a high resolution 1mm(3) small animal box PET scanner, simulated with GRAY, and reconstructed using list-mode 3-D OSEM reconstruction.

关键词： Monte-Carlo simulation High Energy Photons Ray Tracing Positron Emission Tomography PET

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Convolution-Based Forced Detection Monte Carlo simulation Incorporating Septal Penetration modeling

Convolution-Based Forced Detection Monte Carlo Simulation In...

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15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

作者： Liu, Shaoying King, Michael A. Brill, Aaron B. Stabin, Michael G. Farncombe, Troy H. McMaster Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON Canada Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Dept Radiol Worcester MA 01655 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Radiol Nashville TN 37240 USA Hamilton Hlth Sci Dept Nucl Med Hamilton L8R 1M8 ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405619

In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, photon transport effects such as scatter, attenuation, and septal penetration can negatively affect the quality of reconstructed image and quantitation. As such, it is useful to model these factors as careful as possible during image reconstruction in order to reduce the impact. Many of these effects can be included in Monte Carlo (MC) based image reconstruction using convolution-based forced detection (CFD-MC). However, in CFD-MC, often only the geometric response of collimators is modeled, thereby make the assumption that the collimator materials are thick enough to completely absorb photons traveling through them. However, in order to retain high collimator sensitivity and high spatial resolution, it is required that the septa be as thin as possible, thus resulting in a significant amount septal penetration for high energy radionuclides. A method for modeling the effects of collimator response including both collimator septal penetration and geometric response using ray tracing (RT) techniques has been performed and included into a CFD-MC program. Two lookup tables are precalculated based on the collimator parameters and radionuclide, and subsequently incorporated into SIMIND MC program. One table consists of the cumulative septal thickness between any point on the collimator and the center, while the other table represents the resultant collimator response for a point source at differing distances from the collimator and for various energies. A series of RT simulations have been compared to experimental data for different radionuclides and collimators. the results of RT techniques matches the experimental data very well, producing correlation coefficients higher than 0.995. In order to achieve noise-free projection images from MC, it has been seen that the inclusion of the RT implementation for collimator response increases the speed of simulation by a factor of 7,500 compared to the conventional for

关键词： Single photon emission computed tomography

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Analysis of multi-agent interactions with process mining techniques

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4th German conference on Multiagent Systems Technologies

作者： Cabac, Lawrence Knaak, Nicolas Moldt, Daniel Roelke, Heiko Univ Hamburg Dept Informat D-22527 Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540453768

Process mining and multi-agent models are powerful techniques for the analysis of processes and organizations. However, the integration of both fields has seldom been considered due to the lack of common conceptual background. We propose to close this gap by using Petri nets as an operational semantics and consider process mining a useful addition to monitor and debug multi-agent systems in the development phase. Mining results can be represented in the formalized form of Petri nets that allows to validate or verify the actual behavior. On our way to mining complex interactions within (simulated) organizations, we present a plug-in extension of our Petri net-based agent platform MULAN/CAPA for recording interaction logs. Using process mining, the logs can be mapped by some intermediate steps to agent protocols e.g. represented as Agent UML interaction protocol diagrams. these diagrams are a descriptive representation form that combines organizational and control flow information. Furthermore, they can be mapped to executable Petri net, thus allowing to feed mining results back into the design phase.

关键词： agent interactions conversations high-level Petri nets interaction mining mining multi-agent systems MULAN modeling nets-within-nets process mining reference nets RENEW simulation

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Accelerated SPECT Monte Carlo simulation using Multiple Projection Sampling and Convolution-based Forced Detection

Accelerated SPECT Monte Carlo Simulation using Multiple Proj...

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15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

作者： Liu, Shaoying King, Michael A. Brill, Aaron B. Stabin, Michael G. Farncombe, Troy H. McMaster Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON Canada Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Div Nucl Med Worcester MA 01655 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Radiol Nashville TN 37232 USA Hamilton Hlth Sci Dept Nucl Med Hamilton ON L8N 3Z5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405619

Monte Carlo (MC) is a well utilized tool for simulating photon transports in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) due to its capability for high accuracy. As a consequence of this accuracy, it suffers from a relatively low detection efficiency, and thus long computation times. One technique used to improve the speed of MC modeling is the effective and well established variance reduction technique (VRT) known as forced detection (FD). With this method, photons are followed as they transverse the object under study, but are then forced to travel in the direction of the detector surface whereby they are convolved with a delta function determined from the probability density function (PDF). Another more sufficient method called convolution-based forced detection (CFD) is based upon the fundamental idea of FD with the exception that detected photons are rather convolved with a distance-dependent blurring kernel. In order to further increase the speed of MC, a method named multiple projection convolution-based forced detection (MP-CFD) is presented. Rather than forcing photon to hit a single detector, the MP-CFD method follow the photon transport through the object, but then at each scatter site, forces the photon to interact with the detectors at a variety of angles surrounding the object. In this way, it is possible to simulate all the projection images in SPECT simulation simultaneously, rather than as separate projections. the result of this is vastly improved simulation times as much of the computation load of simulating photon transport through the object is done only once for all projection angles. the results of MP-CFD agree well with the experimental data in measurements of point spread function (PSF's), with correlation coefficiant (r(2)) as 0.997. the speed of MP-CFD is shown to be about 60 times faster than regular forced detection MC with similar result.

关键词： Single photon emission computed tomography

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modeling Spatial Smoothness in Fully 3-D SPECT Image Reconstruction Using Multiresolution B-Splines

Modeling Spatial Smoothness in Fully 3-D SPECT Image Reconst...

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15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors/ 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium

作者： Reutter, Bryan W. Gullberg, Grant T. Sitek, Arkadiusz Boutchko, Rostyslav Botvinick, Elias H. Huesman, Ronald H. Univ Calif Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley Lab Dept Funct Imaging Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Radiol Med San Francisco CA 94143 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405619

We investigated the use of B-spline spatial basis functions to model continuous 3-D tracer distributions in cardiac SPECT studies. this approach is motivated by goals of achieving a well-posed image reconstruction problem and computational efficiency. Uniform B-spline basis functions have the noteworthy property that splines having larger spatial support can be composed from a linear combination of splines having smaller support, thus facilitating creation of a multiresolution spatial model. B-splines can be evaluated quickly when calculating projection data models or displaying reconstructed images, and there is no image "blockiness" because B-splines yield a spatially continuous representation. We used trilinear B-splines to reconstruct images for a Tc-99m-sestamibi cardiac SPECT/CT patient study. Attenuation and depth-dependent point response were modeled. Spline coefficients were estimated by minimizing a least-squares criterion by direct matrix inversion. Images were reconstructed with use of (1) more-spatially-compact splines, (2) less-spatially-compact splines, and (3) a multiresolution basis composed of more-compact splines in the heart volume and less-compact splines elsewhere. Image noise was reduced with use of less-compact or multiresolution splines, and the multiresolution basis also yielded good myocardial resolution. Encouraged by these results, we are using multiresolution B-splines to analyze dynamic SPECT data from rest/stress cardiac patient studies.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Nonlinear analytical modeling and system verification of a wine barrel on a portable steel rack subject to seismic excitation

Nonlinear analytical modeling and system verification of a w...

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8th US National conference on Earthquake Engineering 2006

作者： Chadwell, C.B. Stanley, J.M. Marrow, J. Dept. of Civil and Environ. Engineering California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93401 United States Degenkolb Engineers 300 Frank H. Ogawa Plaza Oakland CA 94612 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781615670444

Nearly 90% of California's $45 billion wine industry operates in high seismic regions, with nearly $15 billion in wine stored in oak barrels stacked on portable steel racks. Recent laboratory studies and historic earthquake performance of this storage system indicate a need to better understand and analytically model the dynamic behavior of rocking to serve as a basis for earthquake hazard mitigation. this paper illustrates a theoretical framework and simulation model which can be used to investigate the dynamic behavior and expected performance of highly nonlinear models of stacked rigid bodies. the authors performed shake table tests with extensive data acquisition on full scale wine barrel stacks in the Parsons Earthquake Engineering Laboratory at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. An analytical model was developed and calibrated with the test data using transcendental pulse ground motions of varying frequency. Key features of the analytical model include nonlinear material and geometric springs for rigid body rocking and coupled Coulomb friction models for relative sliding. Presented herein are observations and conclusions based on numerical and physical simulations of full scale barrel stack configurations subjected design level earthquake ground motions. the paper develops a framework that can be used to better estimate the behavior of highly nonlinear, combined rocking and sliding systems. More directly, it is a step in the direction to provide an assessment tool to analytically approximate losses in the wine industry due to regional earthquakes.

关键词： Wine

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Short Paper: Asynchronous programming with Tarragon

Short Paper: Asynchronous programming with Tarragon

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International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing

作者： S.B. Baden P. Cicotti Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Tarragon is an actor-based programming model and library for implementing latency tolerant asynchronous event driven simulations. It is novel in its support for meta data describing run time virtualized process structures, which may be optimized as a free-standing object. We demonstrate early results with a synthetic benchmark, and observe that Tarragon can mask communication costs with ongoing computation

关键词： Computational modeling Discrete event simulation Processor scheduling Programming profession Yarn Libraries Delay Costs Computer science Computer simulation

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