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计算机应用与软件 2020年第6期37卷 14-18页

作者：汤国防胡长城姚尚中国电子科技集团公司第十五研究所北京100083 甘肃酒泉十四支局565号甘肃酒泉735018

针对武器装备试验事后数据处理所需的高性能计算平台和算法集成问题,建立数据处理计算的业务模型。将数据处理计算步骤抽象为细粒度的算法实现,提出算法组件化设计的方法、分类,以及基于托管可扩展框架的计算平台架构。构建适用于云计... 详细信息

针对武器装备试验事后数据处理所需的高性能计算平台和算法集成问题,建立数据处理计算的业务模型。将数据处理计算步骤抽象为细粒度的算法实现,提出算法组件化设计的方法、分类,以及基于托管可扩展框架的计算平台架构。构建适用于云计算部署模式的武器试验数据计算平台。应用结果表明,该计算平台实现了各专业算法组件的集成和海量试验数据的高性能计算,具有算法流程可视化编排、计算流程自动化执行等优点,提升了数据处理效率,达到了预期的目的。

关键词：武器试验计算平台算法组件托管可扩展框架云计算

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Calibration of the gravitational wave telescope KAGRA 38

Calibration of the gravitational wave telescope KAGRA

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Chen, Dan Abe, H. Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Aoumi, M. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Aso, Y. Bae, S. Bajpai, R. Cannon, K. Cao, Z. Chang, R.-J. Chen, A.H.-Y. Chen, D. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Chiba, A. Chiba, R. Chou, C. Eisenmann, M. Fujii, S. Fukunaga, I. Haba, D. Haino, S. Han, W.-B. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, C. Hoshino, S. Hsieh, H.-F. Hsiung, C. Hsu, S.-C. Hui, D.C.Y. Inayoshi, K. Itoh, Y. Iwaya, M. Jin, H.B. Jung, K. Kajita, T. Kamiizumi, M. Kanda, N. Kato, J. Kato, T. Kim, S. Kimura, N. Kiyota, T. Kohri, K. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A.K.H. Koyama, N. Kume, J. Kuroyanagi, S. Kuwahara, S. Kwak, K. Lai, S. Lee, H.W. Lee, R. Lee, S. Leonardi, M. Li, K.L. Lin, L.C.-C. Lin, C.-Y. Lin, E.T. Liu, G.C. Ma, L.-T. Maeda, K. Matsuyama, M. Meyer-Conde, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, S. Miyoki, S. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Murakoshi, M. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Narikawa, T. Nguyen Quynh, L. Nishino, Y. Nishizawa, A. Obayashi, K. Oh, J.J. Oh, K. Ohashi, M. Ohkawa, M. Oohara, K. Oshima, Y. Oshino, S. Page, M.A. Pan, K.-C. Park, J. Peña Arellano, F.E. Saha, S. Sakai, K. Sako, T. Sato, R. Sato, S. Sato, Y. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shao, L. Shikano, Y. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shiota, J. Somiya, K. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, R. Takamori, A. Takatani, K. Takeda, H. Takeda, M. Tamaki, M. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, S.J. Tanaka, T. Taruya, A. Tomaru, T. Tomita, K. Tomura, T. Toriyama, A. Trani, A.A. Tsuchida, S. Uchikata, N. Uchiyama, T. Uehara, T. Ueno, K. Ushiba, T. van Putten, M.H.P.M. Wang, H. Washimi, T. Wu, C. Wu, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, T.S. Yamamura, S. Yamazaki, R. Yang, L.-C. Yang, Y. Yeh, S.-W. Yokoyama, J. Yokozawa, T. Yuzurihara, H. Zhao, Y. Zhu, Z.-H. Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu506-1205 Japan Graduate School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8551 Japan Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu506-1205 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0032 Japan LIGO Hanford Observatory RichlandWA99352 United States 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo181-8588 Japan 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Haidian District Beijing100875 China Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan City701 Taiwan Institute of Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 101 Univ. Street Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Faculty of Science University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama City Toyama930-8555 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa City277-8582 Japan Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 101 Univ. Street Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka City Osaka558-8585 Japan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd. Na

KAGRA is a laser interferometric gravitational wave (GW) telescope in Japan. It joined O4, the fourth international GW observation run, with other telescopes, namely, Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo. In the previous GW observation runs: O1, O2, and O3, 90 events were reported, and many more events are expected to be observed in O4. With the beginning of GW astronomy, the calibration of observed GW signals is becoming more important than ever before. the main calibration system used in KAGRA, LIGO, and Virgo is a photon calibration system (Pcal), which injects reference signals into a telescope by the radiation pressure of a laser. On the basis of the preparation and operation of KAGRA Pcals in O3, we prepared an upgrading plan for O4. this plan includes three main improvements: improving the Pcal laser beam alignment system, reducing noise, and dereasing uncertainty. Improvement works were conducted between the end of O3 and the start of O4 in accordance with this plan. the following results were obtained: first, precise remote alignment was enabled in the critical Pcal laser path region. Second, a Pcal noise source was identified and noise was significantly improved, resulting in a remarkable 50 dB reduction and sufficient reduction of the Pcal noise below the design sensitivity of KAGRA. third, studies on the temperature dependence and laser incidence state dependence of the integrating sphere-type power meter were conducted to reduce the uncertainty of the Pcal, which is directly related to the uncertainty of the telescope signal. the details of the KAGRA Pcal and the improvements made between O3 and O4 are reported in this study. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Laser interferometry

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Development of Gravity Field Calibrator for KAGRA 38

Development of Gravity Field Calibrator for KAGRA

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38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

作者： Bajpai, Rishabh Abe, H. Akutsu, T. Ando, M. Aoumi, M. Araya, A. Aritomi, N. Aso, Y. Bae, S. Bajpai, R. Cannon, K. Cao, Z. Chang, R.-J. Chen, A.H.-Y. Chen, D. Chen, H. Chen, Y. Chiba, A. Chiba, R. Chou, C. Eisenmann, M. Fujii, S. Fukunaga, I. Haba, D. Haino, S. Han, W.-B. Hayakawa, H. Hayama, K. Himemoto, Y. Hirata, N. Hirose, C. Hoshino, S. Hsieh, H.-F. Hsiung, C. Hsu, S.-C. Hui, D.C.Y. Inayoshi, K. Itoh, Y. Iwaya, M. Jin, H.-B. Jung, K. Kajita, T. Kamiizumi, M. Kanda, N. Kato, J. Kato, T. Kim, S. Kimura, N. Kiyota, T. Kohri, K. Kokeyama, K. Komori, K. Kong, A.K.H. Koyama, N. Kume, J. Kuroyanagi, S. Kuwahara, S. Kwak, K. Lai, S. Lee, H.W. Lee, R. Lee, S. Leonardi, M. Li, K.L. Lin, L.C.-C. Lin, C.-Y. Lin, E.T. Liu, G.C. Ma, L.-T. Maeda, K. Matsuyama, M. Meyer-Conde, M. Michimura, Y. Mio, N. Miyakawa, O. Miyamoto, S. Miyoki, S. Morisaki, S. Moriwaki, Y. Murakoshi, M. Nakamura, K. Nakano, H. Narikawa, T. Nguyen Quynh, L. Nishino, Y. Nishizawa, A. Obayashi, K. Oh, J.J. Oh, K. Ohashi, M. Ohkawa, M. Oohara, K. Oshima, Y. Oshino, S. Page, M.A. Pan, K.-C. Park, J. Peña Arellano, F.E. Saha, S. Sakai, K. Sako, T. Sato, R. Sato, S. Sato, Y. Sawada, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Shao, L. Shikano, Y. Shimode, K. Shinkai, H. Shiota, J. Somiya, K. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. Tagoshi, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, R. Takamori, A. Takatani, K. Takeda, H. Takeda, M. Tamaki, M. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, S.J. Tanaka, T. Taruya, A. Tomaru, T. Tomita, K. Tomura, T. Toriyama, A. Trani, A.A. Tsuchida, S. Uchikata, N. Uchiyama, T. Uehara, T. Ueno, K. Ushiba, T. van Putten, M.H.P.M. Wang, H. Washimi, T. Wu, C. Wu, H. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, M. Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, T.S. Yamamura, S. Yamazaki, R. Yang, L.-C. Yang, Y. Yeh, S.-W. Yokoyama, J. Yokozawa, T. Yuzurihara, H. Zhao, Y. Zhu, Z.-H. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo Japan Graduate School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8551 Japan Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu506-1205 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0032 Japan LIGO Hanford Observatory RichlandWA99352 United States 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo181-8588 Japan 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Haidian District Beijing100875 China Department of Physics National Cheng Kung University No.1 University Road Tainan City701 Taiwan Institute of Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 101 Univ. Street Hsinchu Taiwan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu506-1205 Japan Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University No. 101 Section 2 Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Faculty of Science University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama City Toyama930-8555 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Chiba Kashiwa City277-8582 Japan Department of Electrophysics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 101 Univ. Street Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Physics Graduate School of Science Osaka Metropolitan University 3-3-138 Sugimoto-cho Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka City Osaka558-

the output of a gravitational wave telescope is a voltage signal which needs to be calibrated to get the strain signal h(t). this signal h(t) can then be used to derive various parameters of the gravitational wave sources. Any uncertainty in the calibration is directly transferred to these parameters. therefore, absolute calibration of gravitation wave detectors using a precise reference (known) signal is essential. Currently, KAGRA uses Photon Calibrator (PCAL) to generate reference signals for calibration. PCAL injects a power-modulated laser onto the test mass to calibrate the absolute displacement of the mirror using radiation pressure. Hence, the absolute calibration of KAGRA is limited to 3% by the absolute laser power measurement uncertainty due to the deviation in the laser power standards. KAGRA proposed a new method combining PCAL with Gravity Field Calibrator (GCAL) to reduce the calibration uncertainty. GCAL modulates the test mass using a dynamic gravitational field generated by rotating multipole masses. Since the injected force by GCAL depends on the gravitational constant, mass, distance, rotation frequency, and radius, calibration uncertainty in the sub-percent region can be achieved. In this paper, we will report on the progress of the development of the gravity field calibrator and our future plans. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.

关键词： Laser mirrors

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Assessing Time Predictability Features of ARM *** Multicores 30

Assessing Time Predictability Features of ARM *** Multicores

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30th International symposium on computer architecture and high performance computing (SBAC-PAD)

作者： Fernandez, Gabriel Cazorla, Francisco J. Abella, Jaume Girbal, Sylvain BSC Barcelona Spain CSIC IAAA Madrid Spain UPC Barcelona Spain THALES Res & Technol TRT Palaiseau France

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677698

the increasing performance needs in critical real-time embedded systems (CRTES), such as for instance the automotive domain, push for the adoption of high-performance hardware from the consumer electronics domain. However, their time-predictability features are quite unexplored. the ARM *** architecture is a good candidate for adoption in the CRTES market (i.e. in the automotive market it has already started being used). In this paper we study ARM ***'s capabilities to meet CRTES requirements. In particular, we perform a qualitative and quantitative assessment of its timing characteristics, focusing on shared multicore resources, and how this architecture can be reliably used in CRTES.

关键词： Program processors computer architecture Timing Real-time systems Monitoring Task analysis Benchmark testing

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A Kernel Unfolding Approach to Trade Data Movement with Computation Power for CNN Acceleration

A Kernel Unfolding Approach to Trade Data Movement with Comp...

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IEEE Non-Volatile Memory Systems and Applications symposium (NVMSA)

作者： Yueh-Han Wu Tse-Yuan Wang Yuan-Hao Chang Tei-Wei Kuo Hung-Sheng Chang National Taiwan University Institute of Information Science Academia Sinica Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Macronix Emerging System Lab Macronix International Co. Ltd.

ISBN: (数字)9781728184821

ISBN: (纸本)9781728184838

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) achieves human-level accuracy on the image classification applications. However, its complicated structure brings the large requirement on the MAC operations and result in huge cost on the data movement. In addition, this situation becomes worse when the asymmetric growth of the computing power and memory speed happens on the von Neumann-based architecture. Recently, processing in memory (PIM) design is adopted to reduce the data communication cost by storing parameters into memory. However, significant cost on feeding input feature map is a big challenge, especially for high bandwidth but long access latency PIM devices. thus, we explore an idea that how to trade the space in PIM to eliminate such cost. A kernel unfolding technique is proposed to eliminate the duplicated feeding on input feature map, and meanwhile, memory cells in PIM are highly utilized to achieve peak computing throughput. thus, the memory bandwidth could be utilized efficiently and the corresponding execution time could be reduced significantly. the results show that the proposed design could achieve up to 16.2× cycle improvement compared to traditional PIM designs.

关键词： Kernel computer architecture Sensors Convolution Bandwidth Feature extraction performance evaluation

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Toward a Standard Interface for User-Defined Scheduling in OpenMP 15th

Toward a Standard Interface for User-Defined Scheduling in O...

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15th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP)

作者： Kale, Vivek Iwainsky, Christian Klemm, Michael Korndoerfer, Jonas H. Mueller Ciorba, Florina M. Brookhaven Natl Lab Upton NY 11973 USA Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Intel Deutschland GmbH Feldkirchen Germany Univ Basel Basel Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783030285968;9783030285951

Parallel loops are an important part of OpenMP programs. Efficient scheduling of parallel loops can improve performance of the programs. the current OpenMP specification only offers three options for loop scheduling, which are insufficient in certain instances. Given the large number of other possible scheduling strategies, standardizing each of them is infeasible. A more viable approach is to extend the OpenMP standard to allow a user to define loop scheduling strategies within her application. the approach will enable standard-compliant application-specific scheduling. this work analyzes the principal components required by user-defined scheduling and proposes two competing interfaces as candidates for the OpenMP standard. We conceptually compare the two proposed interfaces with respect to the three host languages of OpenMP, i.e., C, C++, and Fortran. these interfaces serve the OpenMP community as a basis for discussion and prototype implementation supporting user-defined scheduling in an OpenMP library.

关键词： OpenMP Multithreaded applications Shared-memory programming Multicore Loop scheduling Self-scheduling User-defined loop scheduling Dynamic load balancing high performance computing

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echofs: A Scheduler-guided Temporary Filesystem to leverage Node-local NVMs 30

echofs: A Scheduler-guided Temporary Filesystem to leverage ...

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30th International symposium on computer architecture and high performance computing (SBAC-PAD)

作者： Miranda, Alberto Nou, Ramon Cortes, Toni BSC Barcelona Spain Univ Politecn Cataluna BSC Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677698

the growth in data-intensive scientific applications poses strong demands on the HPC storage subsystem, as data needs to be copied from compute nodes to I/O nodes and vice versa for jobs to run. the emerging trend of adding denser, NVM-based burst buffers to compute nodes, however, offers the possibility of using these resources to build temporary filesystems with specific I/O optimizations for a batch job. In this work, we present echofs, a temporary filesystem that coordinates with the job scheduler to preload a job's input files into node-local burst buffers. We present the results measured with NVM emulation, and different FS backends with DAX/FUSE on a local node, to show the benefits of our proposal and such coordination.

关键词： Buffer storage Metadata Fuses Nonvolatile memory Hardware computer architecture Random access memory

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Workflow design analysis for high resolution satellite image analysis 15

Workflow design analysis for high resolution satellite image...

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15th IEEE International Conference on eScience, eScience 2019

作者： Paraskevakos, Ioannis Turilli, Matteo Goncalves, Bento Collares Lynch, Heather Jha, Shantenu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University PiscatawayNJ08854 United States Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony BrookNY11777 United States Brookhaven National Laboratory United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728124513

Ecological sciences are using imagery from a variety of sources to monitor and survey populations and ecosystems. Very high Resolution (VHR) satellite imagery provide an effective dataset for large scale surveys. Convolutional Neural Networks have successfully been employed to analyze such imagery and detect large animals. As the datasets increase in volume, O(TB), and number of images, O(1k), utilizing high performance computing (HPC) resources becomes necessary. In this paper, we investigate a task-parallel data-driven workflows design to support imagery analysis pipelines with heterogeneous tasks on HPC. We analyze the capabilities of each design when processing a dataset of 3,000 VHR satellite images for a total of 4~TB. We experimentally model the execution time of the tasks of the image processing pipeline. We perform experiments to characterize the resource utilization, total time to completion, and overheads of each design. Based on the model, overhead and utilization analysis, we show which design approach to is best suited in scientific pipelines with similar characteristics. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Pipelines

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A Fault-Tolerant Agent-based architecture for Transient Servers in Fog computing 30

A Fault-Tolerant Agent-based Architecture for Transient Serv...

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30th International symposium on computer architecture and high performance computing (SBAC-PAD)

作者： de Araujo Neto, Jose Pergentino Pianto, Donald M. Ralha, Celia G. Univ Brasilia UnB Dept Comp Sci CIC Brasilia DF Brazil Univ Brasilia UnB Dept Stat EST Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677698

Cloud datacenters are exploring their idle resources and offering virtual machine as transient servers without availability guarantees. Spot instances are transient servers offered by Amazon AWS, with rules that define prices according to supply and demand. these instances will run for as long as the current price is lower than the maximum bid price given by users. Spot instances have been increasingly used for executing computation and memory intensive applications. By using dynamic fault tolerant mechanisms and appropriate strategies, users can effectively use spot instances to run applications at a cheaper price. this paper presents a resilient multi-strategy agent-based cloud computing architecture. the architecture combines machine learning and a statistical model to predict instance survival times, refine fault tolerance parameters and reduce total execution time. We evaluate our strategies and the experiments demonstrate high levels of accuracy, reaching a 94% survival prediction success rate, which indicates that the model can be effectively used to define execution strategies to prevent failures at revocation events under realistic working conditions.

关键词： Agent-based architecture Resilient Cloud computing Spot Instance Fault Tolerance Checkpoint

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How Do Students Talk About Intelligence? An Investigation of Motivation, Self-efficacy, and Mindsets in computer Science 19

How Do Students Talk About Intelligence? An Investigation of...

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15th ACM Annual International computing Education Research (ICER) Conference

作者： Gorson, Jamie O'Rourke, Eleanor Northwestern Univ Evanston IL 60208 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450361859

Undergraduate programs in computer science (CS) face high dropout rates, and many students struggle while learning to program. Studies show that perceived programming ability is a significant factor in students' decision to major in CS. Fortunately, psychology research shows that promoting the growth mindset, or the belief that intelligence grows with effort, can improve student persistence and performance. However, mindset interventions have been less successful in CS than in other domains. We conducted a small-scale interview study to explore how CS students talk about their intelligence, mindsets, and programming behaviors. We found that students' mindsets rarely aligned with definitions in the literature;some present mindsets that combine fixed and growth attributes, while others behave in ways that do not align with their mindsets. We also found that students frequently evaluate their self-efficacy by appraising their programming intelligence, using surprising criteria like typing speed and ease of debugging to measure ability. We conducted a survey study with 103 students to explore these self-assessment criteria further, and found that students use varying and conflicting criteria to evaluate intelligence in CS. We believe the criteria that students choose may interact with mindsets and impact their motivation and approach to programming, which could help explain the limited success of mindset interventions in CS.

关键词： Growth Mindset Self-efficacy Motivation Qualitative methods

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