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GMTI-tracking and information fusion for ground surveillance

GMTI-tracking and information fusion for ground surveillance

引用

13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Koch, WG FKIE FGAN D-53343 Wachtberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

the aim of ground surveillance with airborne GMTI radar is the near real-time production of a dynamic ground picture. Since the sensors often record merely certain aspects of the situation of interest, information fusion is of particular importance. In addition, even after platform motion compensation by signal processing techniques (STAP), ground moving targets can well be masked by the clutter notch of the sensor. this physical phenomenon directly results from the low-DOPPLER characteristics of the targets and causes interfering fading effects that seriously affect the tracking performance/continuity. In this context a GMTI sensor model provides significant performance improvements being relevant also to sensor data fusion. the Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) proves to be an important sensor parameter explicitly entering into GMTI tracking. In combination with road map information or sensor data fusion the refined model can in particular alleviate the recognition of stopping targets. A numerical example quantitatively illustrates the potential gain by exploiting GMTI-modeling, road-maps, and sensor fusion.

关键词： ground moving targets (GMT) GMTI radar Bayesian target tracking PDA MHT sensor data fusion road map information minimum detectable velocity (MDV) space-time adaptive processing (STAP) doppler blindness

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A multiple model multiple hypothesis filter for tracking maneuvering targets

A multiple model multiple hypothesis filter for tracking man...

引用

13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Driessen, H Boers, Y THALES NEDERLAND NL-7554 RR Hengelo Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

In this paper a new method is presented to deal with multiple model filtering. the method is the so called Multiple Model Multiple Hypothesis Filter (MMMH filter). For each hypothesis a Kalman filter is running. this hypothesis represents a specific model mode sequence history. the proposed method has a high level of genericity and is highly flexible. the main feature is that the number of hypotheses that are maintained varies with the 'difficulty' of a scenario. It is shown that the MMMH performs better than the widely used Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) filter.

关键词： target tracking mutiple model filtering radar systems

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Probabilistic data association filter with binomial distributed false alarms for radar tracking

Probabilistic data association filter with binomial distribu...

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Blair, WD Brown, GC Georgia Inst Technol Georgia Tech Res Inst Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab Air & Missile Def Div Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

In this paper, two modifications are made to the derivation of the PDAF: one replaces the Poisson distributed false alarms with a binomial distribution, the other involves the assumed distribution of the angular measurements associated with false alarms. the Binomial distribution better fits the kind of data typically seen in radar because the track gate typically, involves a small number of candidate range cells. the second modification is founded on the assumption that the angle-of-arrival estimates are produced with monopulse techniques. Previous work has modeled the false measurements as being uniformly distributed in the uncertainty volume of the track gate, while a more accurate approach recognizes that the angle components of the false alarms are better modeled as Gaussian perturbations about beam center.

关键词： multitarget tracking data association radar signal processing phased array radar systems

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An improved clustering approach for multiplatform data fusion

An improved clustering approach for multiplatform data fusio...

引用

13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： de Waard, HW Elgersma, V Thales Naval Nederland BV NL-7550 GD Hengelo Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

In the first part of the paper a new solution is proposed for distributed multiplatform data fusion, in which the different platforms exchange only compressed, track-related information. An improved clustering concept is introduced based on the premise that a cluster call contain a number of independent components, and based oil the definition of a marginal bearing density function for the measurements produced by a certain track. Based oil the found independent components new clusters can be formed. In the second part of the paper experimental evidence for the existence of independent components is presented. Furthermore, for the simulated multiplatform system experimental results concerning platform tracking and the reduction in the use of computer computation time, based oil implemented measures from,(1) are presented.

关键词： Distributed multiplatform data fusion multiple target tracking data-association M(ultiple) H(ypothesis) T(racking) independent component standard building block

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Tracking of low-observable small targets against clutter

Tracking of low-observable small targets against clutter

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Shue, L Venkateswarlu, R Lim, ET Nanyang Technol Univ Ctr Signal Proc Singapore 639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

Detection and tracking of low-observable moving targets against heavy clutter in a sequence of infrared images is an important research area. the focus of research in this area is to reliably pick up the most potential targets, track the targets with varying speed and direction, and at the same time reduce the false alarm rate to ala acceptable level. However, there is no single method that works equally well hi all situations. this paper presents an integrated algorithm based on area-correlation tracker (ACT) and Kalman filter for improving ACT performance for targets with varying speed and direction. Divergence and loss of target when the target is stationary are the two typical problems associated with ACT. In our algorithm, we propose to overcome these shortcomings by introducing an online procedure for updating (or not updating in the case of occlusions) the reference template, in conjunction with linear predictions by using a Kalman filter.

关键词： small target image registration area-correlation Kalman filter

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New approach to detect dim moving point targets based on motion analysis

New approach to detect dim moving point targets based on mot...

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Dong, NL Jin, G Qi, B Ma, JG Chinese Acad Sci Inst Opt & Elect Chengdu 610209 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

Dim point targets detection in highly cluttered backgrounds is a challenging problem. In this paper we describe the development and the implementation of a new effective methodology to detect moving point targets in infrared or visual images. the new approach is based on mathematical morphology and motion analysis. First, the image is filtered by means of gray-scale morphology in order to reject background objects. then, with the residual image a motion analysis based on trajectory conjunction is carried out to extract the potential point like moving targets. In the motion analysis stage we define a function to describe the characteristics of moving targets, and by this means a strategy is constructed to judge whether or not a given area contains the potential moving target. through motion analysis, the non-target points are kicked out while the true target points are detected out after merely several frames of image. this approach doesn't depend on threshold techniques and requires no assumptions about the behavior of the target motion. the only limitation is that the target's speed doesn't exceed several pixels per frame. A test study based on available database is presented, and the results so far indicate that this approach to detect moving point target is highly effective.

关键词： low contrast point target detection nonlinear image processing motion analysis mathematical morphology small target

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the method of range profile for step frequency MMW radar based on wavelet transform power spectrum estimator

The method of range profile for step frequency MMW radar bas...

引用

13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Li, YH Gao, DT Shen, QH Li, XG Nanjing Univ Dept Elect Sci & Technol Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

the method of range profile for step frequency MMW radar targets based on wavelet transform power spectrum estimator is studied. We show how the Fourier power spectrum can be detected by using the wavelet function coefficients (WFC) of the DWT. this method can successfully measure the power spectrum in samples for which traditional methods often fail because the sample are finite sized, have a complex geometry, or are varyingly sampled. We demonstrate that the spectrum features, such as the power law index, the magnitude, and the typical scales can be determined by the DWT reconstructed spectrum. We apply this method to the practical step frequency MMW radar target echo signals, and on the condition of the same sampling frequency and sampling data length, it can achieve one dimensional range profile with profile's resolution superior to FFT's, so the one dimensional range profile of targets can be analyzed with high resolution, the detail algorithm of range profiles spectrum estimation based on wavelet transforming multirange cells is proposed. Compare with FFT algorithm, using wavelet spectrum estimator of short data series, we can achieves high resolution, high accuracy, and low SNR threshold. the Experiment results make clear that the DWT estimator is a sensitive tool in range profile of step frequency MMW radar.

关键词： wavelet transform multiresolution analysis spectrum estimator radar signal image processing

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the target profile identification of step frequency MMW radar based on wavelet neural network

The target profile identification of step frequency MMW rada...

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Li, YH Gao, DT Shen, QH Li, XG Nanjing Univ Dept Elect Sci & Technol Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

With the increased availability of coherent wide band radar, there has been a renewed interest in the target recognition of MMW frequency step radar. A large bandwidth gives high resolution in range which means target recognition may be possible. In this paper, by integrating wavelet with neural network, a new adaptive wavelet function neural network is proposed. An artificial neural network with wavelet as weight coefficients is developed for pattern recognition. It is inspired by wavelet transform theory and feed forward neural network. the good localization characteristics of wavelet functions in both time and frequency space allow hierarchical multi-resolution learning of input-output data mapping. the wavelet shapes are adaptively computed to minimize an energy function for a specific application of radar targets. the mathematical frame of the neural network is introduced and error back propagation algorithm is used. the procedure of using wavelet neural network for identification is described in detail. Based on the target specific information offered by the range profiles of step frequency MMW radar targets, the wavelet neural network is applied to recognition of three kinds of practical radar targets. We find that we can reliably distinguish for three targets over a range of aspect angle. Experiment results indicate that the new feature vector in low dimension is valuable for target recognition, the wavelet neural network has faster convergence speed and higher correct recognition rate and the noise resistance character is good.

关键词： wavelet neural network multi-resolution analysis target identification radar signal image processing

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An efficient one-scan-back PDAF for target tracking in clutter

An efficient one-scan-back PDAF for target tracking in clutt...

引用

13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Zwaga, JH Driessen, H THALES Nederland NL-7554 RR Hengelo Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

In this paper we present an efficient one-scan-back Probabilistic data Association Filter (PDAF). Regarding the general case of an N-scan-back PDAF, it has been noted in the literature that with each additional scan back, there is a considerable increase in computational load while the amount of improvement in tracking performance diminishes [1], [2]. We therefore have designed a filter that aims to benefit at a minimal increase in computational cost from the one-scan-back architecture that effectively rules out unlikely measurement pairings. In this filter, we use the measurements in the previous scan only to produce better weights for the measurements in the present scan. thus, as compared to a 'full' one-scan-back PDAF, we considerably reduce the number of updating and merging steps each scan. For the proposed filter, and the closely related 'standard' (zero-scan-back) PDAF [3] and 'full' one-scan-back PDAF, we provide the theoretical background, numerical implementation, and simulation results.

关键词： target tracking probabilistic data association clutter

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Analysis and optimization of a class of nonlinear detection filters

Analysis and optimization of a class of nonlinear detection ...

引用

13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Singer, PF Raytheon Co El Segundo CA 90245 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

It is well known that the matched filter is the optimal linear detection filter but, this allows for the possible existence of a nonlinear detection filter with better performance. this paper considers the class of nonlinear detection filters that are composed of a linear filter followed by an arbitrary point process. the result is general enough to include detection paradigm in which the signal model is not additive. the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve of a general point process is analyzed. this analysis reveals that nonreversibility and not nonlinearity of the point process is responsible for the improvement of the ROC curve. that is, an reversible point process, either linear or nonlinear, leaves the ROC curve unchanged. However, a nonreversible point process will alter the ROC curve. this result is used to define a canonical ROC curve which is then utilized to derive the optimal point process, Several simple forms of the point process are considered first then the general optimal point process is derived. the technique is illustrated with several examples. Results for the special cases of unimodal signal densities receive particular attention.

关键词： detection filter nonlinear nonreversible receiver operating characteristic signal model

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