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Scalable parallel minimum spanning forest computation 12

Scalable parallel minimum spanning forest computation

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17th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPoPP'12

作者： Nobari, Sadegh Cao, thanh-Tung Karras, Panagiotis Bressan, St´ephane National University of Singapore Singapore Rutgers University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311601

the proliferation of data in graph form calls for the development of scalable graph algorithms that exploit parallel processing environments. One such problem is the computation of a graph's minimum spanning forest (MSF). Past research has proposed several parallel algorithms for this problem, yet none of them scales to large, high-density graphs. In this paper we propose a novel, scalable, parallel MSF algorithm for undirected weighted graphs. Our algorithm leverages Prim's algorithm in a parallel fashion, concurrently expanding several subsets of the computed MSF. Our effort focuses on minimizing the communication among different processors without constraining the local growth of a processor's computed subtree. In effect, we achieve a scalability that previous approaches lacked. We implement our algorithm in CUDA, running on a GPU and study its performance using real and synthetic, sparse as well as dense, structured and unstructured graph data. Our experimental study demonstrates that our algorithm outperforms the previous state-of-the-art GPU-based MSF algorithm, while being several order of magnitude faster than sequential CPU-based algorithms. Copyright © 2012 acm.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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Portable parallel Performance from Sequential, Productive, Embedded Domain-Specific Languages 12

Portable Parallel Performance from Sequential, Productive, E...

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17th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Kamil, Shoaib Coetzee, Derrick Beamer, Scott Cook, Henry Gonina, Ekaterina Harper, Jonathan Morlan, Jeffrey Fox, Armando Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Mississippi State Univ Mississippi State MS USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311601

Domain-expert productivity programmers desire scalable application performance, but usually must rely on efficiency programmers who are experts in explicit parallel programming to achieve it. Since such programmers are rare, to maximize reuse of their work we propose encapsulating their strategies in mini-compilers for domain-specific embedded languages (DSELs) glued together by a common high-level host language familiar to productivity programmers. the nontrivial applications that use these DSELs perform up to 98% of peak attainable performance, and comparable to or better than existing hand-coded implementations. Our approach is unique in that each mini-compiler not only performs conventional compiler transformations and optimizations, but includes imperative procedural code that captures an efficiency expert's strategy for mapping a narrow domain onto a specific type of hardware. the result is source-and performance-portability for productivity programmers and parallel performance that rivals that of hand-coded efficiency-language implementations of the same applications. We describe a framework that supports our methodology and five implemented DSELs supporting common computation kernels. Our results demonstrate that for several interesting classes of problems, efficiency-level parallel performance can be achieved by packaging efficiency programmers' expertise in a reusable framework that is easy to use for both productivity programmers and efficiency programmers.

关键词： Design Languages Performance Asp SEJITS Python Domain-Specific Languages

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Deterministic parallel Random-Number Generation for Dynamic-Multithreading Platforms 12

Deterministic Parallel Random-Number Generation for Dynamic-...

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17th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Leiserson, Charles E. Schardl, Tao B. Sukha, Jim MIT Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311601

Existing concurrency platforms for dynamic multithreading do not provide repeatable parallel random-number generators. this paper proposes that a mechanism called pedigrees be built into the runtime system to enable efficient deterministic parallel random-number generation. Experiments with the open-source MIT Cilk runtime system show that the overhead for maintaining pedigrees is negligible. Specifically, on a suite of 10 benchmarks, the relative overhead of Cilk with pedigrees to the original Cilk has a geometric mean of less than 1%. We persuaded Intel to modify its commercial C/C++ compiler, which provides the Cilk Plus concurrency platform, to include pedigrees, and we built a library implementation of a deterministic parallel random-number generator called DOTMIX that compresses the pedigree and then "RC6-mixes" the result. the statistical quality of DOTMIX is comparable to that of the popular Mersenne twister, but somewhat slower than a nondeterministic parallel version of this efficient and high-quality serial random-number generator. the cost of calling DOTMIX depends on the "spawn depth" of the invocation. For a naive Fibonacci calculation with n = 40 that calls DOTMIX in every node of the computation, this "price of determinism" is about a factor of 2.3 in running time over the nondeterministic Mersenne twister, but for more realistic applications with less intense use of random numbers - such as a maximal-independent-set algorithm, a practical samplesort program, and a Monte Carlo discrete-hedging application from QuantLib - the observed "price" was at most 2 1%, and sometimes much less. Moreover, even if overheads were several times greater, applications using DOTMIX should be amply fast for debugging purposes, which is a major reason for desiring repeatability.

关键词： Algorithms Performance theory Cilk determinism dynamic multithreading nondeterminism parallel computing pedigree random-number generator

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Internally Deterministic parallel Algorithms Can Be Fast 12

Internally Deterministic Parallel Algorithms Can Be Fast

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17th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Blelloch, Guy E. Fineman, Jeremy T. Gibbons, Phillip B. Shun, Julian Carnegie Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Georgetown Univ Pittsburgh PA USA Intel Labs Pittsburgh PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311601

the virtues of deterministic parallelism have been argued for decades and many forms of deterministic parallelism have been described and analyzed. Here we are concerned with one of the strongest forms, requiring that for any input there is a unique dependence graph representing a trace of the computation annotated with every operation and value. this has been referred to as internal determinism, and implies a sequential semantics-i.e., considering any sequential traversal of the dependence graph is sufficient for analyzing the correctness of the code. In addition to returning deterministic results, internal determinism has many advantages including ease of reasoning about the code, ease of verifying correctness, ease of debugging, ease of defining invariants, ease of defining good coverage for testing, and ease of formally, informally and experimentally reasoning about performance. On the other hand one needs to consider the possible downsides of determinism, which might include making algorithms (i) more complicated, unnatural or special purpose and/or (ii) slower or less scalable. In this paper we study the effectiveness of this strong form of determinism through a broad set of benchmark problems. Our main contribution is to demonstrate that for this wide body of problems, there exist efficient internally deterministic algorithms, and moreover that these algorithms are natural to reason about and not complicated to code. We leverage an approach to determinism suggested by Steele (1990), which is to use nested parallelism with commutative operations. Our algorithms apply several diverse programming paradigms that fit within the model including (i) a strict functional style (no shared state among concurrent operations), (ii) an approach we refer to as deterministic reservations, and (iii) the use of commutative, linearizable operations on data structures. We describe algorithms for the benchmark problems that use these deterministic approaches and present performan

关键词： Algorithms Experimentation Performance parallel algorithms deterministic parallelism parallel programming commutative operations graph algorithms geometry algorithms sorting string processing

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Scalable parallel Minimum Spanning Forest Computation

Scalable Parallel Minimum Spanning Forest Computation

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17th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

作者： Nobari, Sadegh Cao, thanh-Tung Karras, Panagiotis Bressan, Stephane Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Singapore Rutgers State Univ Piscataway NJ 08855 USA

关键词： Algorithms Experimentation Performance parallel Graph Algorithms Minimum Spanning Forest GPU

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PPoPP'11 - Proceedings of the 2011 acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming

PPoPP'11 - Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on ...

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16th acm symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPoPP'11

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301190

the proceedings contain 39 papers. the topics discussed include: ordered vs. unordered: a comparison of parallelism and work-efficiency in irregular algorithms;programming the memory hierarchy revisited: supporting irregular parallelism in sequoia;compact data structure and scalable algorithms for the sparse grid technique;a domain-specific approach to heterogeneous parallelism;Copperhead: compiling an embedded data parallel language;OoOJava: software out-of-order execution;SpiceC: scalable parallelism via implicit copying and explicit commit;inferring ownership transfer for efficient message passing;all-window profiling and composable models of cache sharing;ULCC: a user-level facility for optimizing shared cache performance on multicores;ScalaExtrap: trace-based communication extrapolation for SPMD programs;and GRace: a low-overhead mechanism for detecting data races in GPU programs.

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Compiling CHR to parallel hardware 12

Compiling CHR to parallel hardware

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14th symposium on principles and practice of Declarative programming, PPDP 2012

作者： Triossi, Andrea Orlando, Salvatore Raffaetà, Alessandra Frühwirth, thom DAIS Università Ca'Foscari Venezia Italy Inst. for Software Engineering and Compiler Construction Ulm University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315227

this paper investigates the compilation of a committed-choice rulebased language, Constraint Handling Rules (CHR), to specialized hardware circuits. the developed hardware is able to turn the intrinsic concurrency of the language into parallelism. Rules are applied by a custom executor that handles constraints according to the best degree of parallelism the implemented CHR specification can offer. Our framework deploys the target digital circuits through the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology, by first compiling the CHR code fragment into a low level hardware description language. We also discuss the realization of a hybrid CHR interpreter, consisting of a software component running on a general purpose processor, coupled with a hardware accelerator. the latter unburdens the processor by executing in parallel the most computational intensive CHR rules directly compiled in hardware. Finally the performance of a prototype system is evaluated by time efficiency measures. Copyright © 2012 acm.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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Task-oriented programming in a pure functional language 12

Task-oriented programming in a pure functional language

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14th symposium on principles and practice of Declarative programming, PPDP 2012

作者： Plasmeijer, Rinus Lijnse, Bas Michels, Steffen Achten, Peter Koopman, Pieter Institute for Computing and Information Sciences Radboud University P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen Netherlands Faculty of Military Sciences Netherlands Defense Academy P.O. Box 10000 1780 CA Den Helder Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781450315227

Task-Oriented programming (TOP) is a novel programming paradigm for the construction of distributed systems where users work together on the *** multiple users collaborate, they need to interact with each other frequently. TOP supports the definition of tasks that react to the progress made by others. With TOP, complex multi-user interactions can be programmed in a declarative style just by defining the tasks that have to be accomplished, thus eliminating the need to worry about the implementation detail that commonly frustrates the development of applications for this domain. TOP builds on four core concepts: tasks that represent computations or work to do which have an observable value that may change over time, data sharing enabling tasks to observe each other while the work is in progress, generic type driven generation of user interaction, and special combinators for sequential and parallel task composition. the semantics of these core concepts is defined in this paper. As an example we present the iTask3 framework, which embeds TOP in the functional programming language Clean. Copyright © 2012 acm.

关键词： Semantics

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Proceedings of the acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP: Chairs' Welcome