this paper considers a semantic approach for merging logic programs under answer set semantics. Given logic programs P-1,...,P-n, the goal is to provide characterisations of the merging of these programs. Our formal t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642028458
this paper considers a semantic approach for merging logic programs under answer set semantics. Given logic programs P-1,...,P-n, the goal is to provide characterisations of the merging of these programs. Our formal techniques are based on notions of relative distance between the underlying SE models of the logic programs. Two approaches are examined. the first informally selects those models of the programs that vary the least from the models of the other programs. the second approach informally selects those models of a program P-0 that are closest to the models of programs P-1,...,P-n. P-0 can be thought of as analogous to a set of database integrity constraints. We examine formal properties of these operators and give encodings for computing the rnergings of a multiset of logic programs within the same logicprogramming framework. As a by-product, we provide a complexity analysis revealing that our operators do not increase the complexity of the base formalism.
Many substructural type systems have been proposed for controlling access to shared state in higher-order languages. Central to these systems is the notion of a resource, which may be split into disjoint pieces that d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450310543
Many substructural type systems have been proposed for controlling access to shared state in higher-order languages. Central to these systems is the notion of a resource, which may be split into disjoint pieces that different parts of a program can manipulate independently without worrying about interfering with one another. Some systems support a logical notion of resource (such as permissions), under which two resources may be considered disjoint even if they govern the same piece of state. However, in nearly all existing systems, the notions of resource and disjointness are fixed at the outset, baked into the model of the language, and fairly coarse-grained in the kinds of sharing they enable. In this paper, inspired by recent work on "fictional disjointness" in separation logic, we propose a simple and flexible way of enabling any module in a program to create its own custom type of splittable resource (represented as a commutative monoid), thus providing fine-grained control over how the module's private state is shared with its clients. this functionality can be incorporated into an otherwise standard substructural type system by means of a new typing rule we call the sharing rule, whose soundness we prove semantically via a novel resource-oriented Kripke logical relation.
In a recent paper Lakemeyer and Levesque proposed a first-order logic of limited belief to characterize the beliefs of a knowledge base (KB). Among other things, they show that their model of belief is expressive, eve...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780999241172
In a recent paper Lakemeyer and Levesque proposed a first-order logic of limited belief to characterize the beliefs of a knowledge base (KB). Among other things, they show that their model of belief is expressive, eventually complete, and tractable. this means, roughly, that a KB may consist of arbitrary first-order sentences, that any sentence which is logically entailed by the KB is eventually believed, given enough reasoning effort, and that reasoning is tractable under reasonable assumptions. One downside of the proposal is that epistemic states are defined in terms of sets of clauses, possibly containing variables, giving the logic a distinct syntactic flavour compared to the more traditional possible-world semantics found in the literature on epistemic logic. In this paper we show that the same properties as above can be obtained by defining epistemic states as sets of three-valued possible worlds. this way we are able to shed new light on those properties by recasting them using the more familiar notion of truth over possible worlds.
Ford has introduced a non-monotonic logic, System LS, inspired by an empirical study of human non-monotonic reasoning. We define here a defeasible logic FDL based on Ford's logic, and in doing so identify some sim...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642162411
Ford has introduced a non-monotonic logic, System LS, inspired by an empirical study of human non-monotonic reasoning. We define here a defeasible logic FDL based on Ford's logic, and in doing so identify some similarities and differences between Ford's logic and existing defeasible logics. Several technical results about FDL are established, including its inference strength in relation to other defeasible logics.
Comingle is a logicprogramming framework aimed at simplifying the development of applications distributed over multiple mobile devices. Applications are written as a single declarative program (in a system-centric wa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319192826;9783319192819
Comingle is a logicprogramming framework aimed at simplifying the development of applications distributed over multiple mobile devices. Applications are written as a single declarative program (in a system-centric way) rather than in the traditional node-centric manner, where separate communicating code is written for each participating node. Comingle is based on committed-choice multiset rewriting and is founded on linear logic. We describe a prototype targeting the Android operating system and illustrate how Comingle is used to program distributed mobile applications. As a proof of concept, we discuss several such applications orchestrated using Comingle.
In an agent system that needs to operate in a real world, the problem of maintaining a consistent world model in the face of unreliable, incomplete and inconsistent sensory data should be solved. In this paper, we pre...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467375092
In an agent system that needs to operate in a real world, the problem of maintaining a consistent world model in the face of unreliable, incomplete and inconsistent sensory data should be solved. In this paper, we present an approach that addresses this problem by applying an argumentation-based scene interpretation framework for accurately modelling and representing the observations and beliefs of an agent. Our approach is based on temporal and probabilistic defeasible logicprogramming for reasoning. the performance of our approach is evaluated on simulation experiments in the Stage Robot Simulator. We also show that our approach is applicable to real world scenarios with an autonomous Pioneer 3-AT robot.
this paper studies the control synthesis problem for energy harvesting MEMS devices with load-based spectral logic specifications. Firstly, a novel formal language has been proposed to define the specifications on fre...
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ISBN:
(数字)9781665495721
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665495721
this paper studies the control synthesis problem for energy harvesting MEMS devices with load-based spectral logic specifications. Firstly, a novel formal language has been proposed to define the specifications on frequency domain with respect to load, called load-based spectral logic. the conditions for specification satisfaction have been derived for the energy harvesting MEMS devices, which transform the formal specification constraints into a set of linear matrix inequalities. then an iterative control synthesis algorithm has been proposed to find a sequence of static output feedback controllers for the MEMS device, in which the control synthesis problem has been transformed into a sequence of semidefinite programming problems. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the main results of this paper.
Answer-set programming (ASP) has emerged recently as a viable programming paradigm well attuned to search problems in AI, constraint satisfaction and combinatorics. Propositional logic is, arguably, the simplest ASP s...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0262511126
Answer-set programming (ASP) has emerged recently as a viable programming paradigm well attuned to search problems in AI, constraint satisfaction and combinatorics. Propositional logic is, arguably, the simplest ASP system with an intuitive semantics supporting direct modeling of problem constraints. However, for some applications, especially those requiring that transitive closure be computed, it requires additional variables and results in large theories. Consequently, it may not be a practical computational tool for such problems. On the other hand, ASP systems based on nonmonotonic logics, such as stable logicprogramming, can handle transitive closure computation efficiently and, in general, yield very concise theories as problem representations. their semantics is, however, more complex. Searching for the middle ground, in this paper we introduce a new nonmonotonic logic, DATALOG with constraints or DC. Informally DC theories consist of propositional clauses (constraints) and of Horn rules. the semantics is a simple and natural extension of the semantics of the propositional logic. However, thanks to the presence of Horn rules in the system, modeling of transitive closure becomes straightforward. We describe the syntax and semantics of DC, and study its properties. We discuss an implementation of DC and present results of experimental study of the effectiveness of DC, comparing it withthe csat satisfiability checker and smodels implementation of stable logicprogramming. Our results show that DC is competitive withthe other two approaches, in case of many search problems, often yielding much more efficient solutions.
Inconsistency is a natural phenomenon arising from the description of the real world. this phenomenon may be encountered in several situations. Nevertheless, human beings are capable of reasoning adequately. the autom...
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Inconsistency is a natural phenomenon arising from the description of the real world. this phenomenon may be encountered in several situations. Nevertheless, human beings are capable of reasoning adequately. the automation of such reasoning requires the development of formal theories. Paraconsistent logic was proposed by N.C.A. da Costa to provide tools to reason about inconsistencies. this paper describes an extension of the ParaLog logicprogramming Language, called ParaLoge that allows direct handling of inconsistency. Languages such as ParaLoge, capable of merging Classical logicprogramming concepts withthose of inconsistency, widen the scope of logicprogramming applications in environments presenting conflicting beliefs and contradictory information.
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