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Performance Characterization of a High-Purity Germanium Detector for small-Animal SPECT

Performance Characterization of a High-Purity Germanium Dete...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Johnson, Lindsay C. Campbell, Desmond L. Ovchinnikov, Oleg S. Peterson, Todd E. Vanderbilt Univ Dept Biomed Engn Inst Imaging Sci 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37232 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Phys Astro Inst Imaging Sci Nashville TN 37232 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

We present an initial evaluation of a mechanically-cooled, high-purity germanium double-sided strip detector as a potential gamma camera for small-animal SPECT. It is 90 mm in diameter and 10 mm thick with two sets of 16 orthogonal strips that have a 4.75 mm width with a 5 mm pitch. A sub-strip interpolation method is used to bin the data at a pixel size of 0.53mm x 0.53mm, while it is also possible to estimate the depth of interaction based on CFD time differences between the anode and cathode. the system has an energy resolution of 0.92% at 140 keV and an intrinsic efficiency of 55.40% at 122 keV. Simulations suggest that increases in the efficiency should be possible by altering signal processing to include Compton events in which charge is collected on more than one strip. Integral uniformity in the central field of view for strips was found to be less than 1% in a flood-corrected flood while pixel-level uniformity was 2.98%. Due to the excellent energy resolution, the presence of a scattering medium did not greatly alter the FWHM or FWTM of a pinhole projection when compared to an acquisition without a scattering medium. this high-purity germanium system offers many desirable properties for small-animal SPECT.

关键词： CFD time differences Collimators Detectors Energy resolution Ge Image resolution computational fluid dynamics efficiency 55.4 percent electron volt energy 122 keV electron volt energy 140 keV flood-corrected flood gamma camera germanium detector germanium double-sided strip detector germanium radiation detectors interpolation scattering medium single photon emission computed tomography size 0.53 mm size 10 mm size 4.75 mm size 90 mm small-animal SPECT substrip interpolation method

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An MRI-compatible PET Insert for Whole Body Studies in Rodents at High Functional and Anatomical Resolution

An MRI-compatible PET Insert for Whole Body Studies in Roden...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Vaska, P. Purschke, M. L. Fried, J. Junnarkar, S. S. Gualtieri, E. Pickup, S. Karp, J. S. Stoll, S. Maramraju, S. -H. Ravindranath, B. Budassi, M. Cao, T. Pratte, J. -F. O'Connor, P. Schlyer, D. Woody, C. L. Brookhaven Natl Lab Upton NY 11973 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

the feasibility of performing high-resolution PET and high-field MRI simultaneously in rodents has been previously demonstrated in small-scale systems capable of imaging the rat brain and mouse. We are nearing completion of a larger scale PET system which will accommodate the whole rat and perform at 9.4 T with <2 mm PET resolution. the PET insert has inner/outer diameters of 13.5/20.6 cm, compact enough to fit within the gradient set of a Varian large-bore 9.4T MRI system while accommodating on the inside a commercial Insight birdcage coil for the rat. the resulting volume capable of simultaneous PET/MRI imaging is 7 cm in diameter and 5 cm axially. the 96 PET detectors are arranged in 4 rings of modular detector blocks, each with an array of 2 x 2 x 14 mm LYSO crystal coupled to a Hamamatsu APD array and read out by the RatCAP ASIC. data acquisition is divided into 4 sectors, each handled by a local FPGA which communicates via Ethernet to the host Pc. Offline data processing software is being developed to bin coincidences and determine physical corrections. Image reconstruction follows a listmode OSEM approach. the design of all hardware components is complete and prototypes of each have been fabricated. System integration is underway and initial performance of the system will be presented.

关键词： Adaptive optics Image resolution Magnetic resonance imaging Optical imaging Optical switches Positron emission tomography signal resolution

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Speech enhancement based on a simplified generalized sidelobe canceller structure

Speech enhancement based on a simplified generalized sidelob...

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International conference on Systems, signals and Image processing, IWSSIP

作者： Ines Hafizovic Carl-Inge C. Nilsen Department of Informatics University of Oslo and Squarehead Technology AS Oslo Norway Department of Informatics University of Oslo Oslo Norway

We present a beamspace realization of the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) applied to audio and speech capture, and show that it has some specific advantages compared to the standard GSC implementation for certain noise assumptions. Specifically, we demonstrate that for this application the herein proposed implementation is less prone to signal cancellation due to source positioning errors, and that it exhibits a better attenuation of low frequencies when broadband audio signals are captured by uniform linear arrays. Results are shown both for simulations with small uniform linear arrays of five and eleven elements, as well as for actual data recorded by a 300 element microphone array at the Staples Center sports arena.

关键词： Noise Microphone arrays Attenuation Array signal processing Arrays Speech

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High-Resolution Dynamic Cardiac MRI on small Animals using Reconstruction based on Split Bregman Methodology

High-Resolution Dynamic Cardiac MRI on Small Animals using R...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Montesinos, P. Perez-Juste Abascal, J. F. Chamorro, J. Chavarrias, C. Benito, M. Vaquero, J. J. Desco, M. Univ Carlos III Madrid Dept Bioingn & Ingn Aeroespacial E-28903 Getafe Spain Hosp Gen Univ Gregorio Maranon Unidad Med & Cirugia Expt Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

Dynamic cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in small animals is an important tool in the study of cardiovascular diseases. the reduction of the long acquisition times required for cardiovascular applications is crucial to achieve good spatiotemporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Nowadays there are many acceleration techniques which can reduce acquisition time, including compressed sensing technique. Compressed sensing allows image reconstruction from undersampled data, by means of a non linear reconstruction which minimizes the total variation of the image. the recently appeared Split Bregman methodology has proved to be more computationally efficient to solve this problem than classic optimization methods. In the case of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging, compressed sensing can exploit time sparsity by the minimization of total variation across both space and time. In this work, we propose and validate the Split Bregman method to minimize spatial and time total variation, and apply this method to accelerate cardiac cine acquisitions in rats. We found that applying a quasi-random variable density pattern along the phase-encoding direction, accelerations up to a factor 5 are possible with low error. In the future, we expect to obtain higher accelerations using spatiotemporal undersampling.

关键词： Acceleration Biomedical imaging Image coding

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DEPFET Active Pixel Sensor with Non-Linear Amplification

DEPFET Active Pixel Sensor with Non-Linear Amplification

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Lechner, P. Andricek, L. Aschauer, S. Baehr, A. De Vita, G. Hermenau, K. Hildebrand, T. Lutz, G. Majewski, P. Porro, M. Richter, R. H. Sandow, C. Schaller, G. Soltau, H. Strueder, L. PNSensor GmbH Otto Hahn Ring 6 D-81739 Munich Germany Max Planck Inst Phys Munich Germany MPI Extraterrestrial Phys Garching Germany MPI Semicond Lab Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

One of the X-ray imaging detectors in development for the European XFEL (X-ray Free Electron Laser) is the DSSC (DEPFET Sensor with signal Compression). the DSSC sensor array will have a format of 1024 x 1024 pixels with a pixel size in the order of 200 mu m. It is optimized for the detection of low-energy X-ray photons and designed to operate at frame rates up to 4.5 MHz with a dynamic range of several thousand photons per pixel and frame and single photon resolution at small photon numbers. the DSSC system's core component is an active pixel sensor based on the DEPFET (DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor) structure. A DEPFET is an integrated detector-amplifier combining internal amplification, full sensitivity over the whole bulk thickness, analog data storage, readout on demand, low serial noise, and absence of reset noise. For the DSSC-adaptation of the DEPFET principle the new feature of signal compression has been added, i.e. the device has a high gain at small signals and a reduced gain at large signals. With this strongly non-linear response the DSSC-DEPFET provides the required high charge handling capacity with simultaneous single photon resolution for low-energy X-rays. this paper presents the concept of the DSSC-DEPFET. Its functionality is demonstrated by measurements of a first series of prototypes.

关键词： DEPFET active pixel sensor DEPFET principle DEPFET structure DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor DSSC sensor array Decision support systems European XFEL Logic gates Switches X-ray free electron laser X-ray imaging X-ray imaging detectors analog data storage dynamic range field effect transistors frame rates free electron lasers integrated detector-amplifier low-energy X-ray photons nonlinear amplification semiconductor counters single photon resolution small photon numbers

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Evaluation of Windowed Image Reconstruction for Time-Of-Flight PET

Evaluation of Windowed Image Reconstruction for Time-Of-Flig...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Guo, Jinxia Kao, Chien-Min Xie, Qinguo Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Dept Biomed Engn Wuhan 430074 Hu Bei Peoples R China Wuhan Natl Lab Optoelect Wuhan Hu Bei Peoples R China Univ Chicago Dept Radiol Chicago IL 60637 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

We have previously developed a windowed image reconstruction method that allows for region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction from a subset of TOF PET data. As a result, the method may improve the reconstruction for a ROI by discarding data that are not particularly information-bearing to it but containing high statistical noise or unwanted events (scatter or random). In our previous paper, we have evaluated the performance of this method with numerical experiments and showed that it can improve the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when considering only the true events. We also showed that it can recover the area near a high activity area better in comparison with the conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm for non-TOF PET and the convolved ramp and Gaussian with confidence weighting (CRG-CW) method for TOF-PET. In this work, we more extensively evaluate the performance of this windowed image reconstruction method by including also scatter and randoms in simulation. We evaluate the SNR of the reconstructed images in defined ROIs as well as the variations of the SNRs with the size of the window function. Our results indicate that the windowed image reconstruction method can generate images with higher SNRs relative to FBP images. In addition, when the ROI is small and nearby a high-activity structure, the windowed reconstruction method can generate better SNRs than do the CRG-CW method.

关键词： signal to noise ratio

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A target detection algorithm based on peripheral anomaly

A target detection algorithm based on peripheral anomaly

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IEEE signal processing and Communications Applications (SIU)

作者： A. Onur Karalı Tayfun Aytaç Alper Yıldırım Ö. Nezih Gerek TÜBİTAK BİLGEM UEKAE İLTAREN Ankara Turkey Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü Anadolu Üniversitesi Eskisehir Turkey

Automatic target detection algorithms enable in military and civilian applications the detection of low-contrast and spatially small targets that can not be detected by a human operator and remove the requirement of permanent operator control for surveillance systems. Considering many different background patterns and target models, it is not possible to define a single target detection algorithm that succeeds in all scenarios. In this paper, a novel target detection algorithm is proposed for targets above sea-level and sky targets. Peripheral anomaly values are calculated for image blocks depending on the difference of the statistical data between target and background patterns and target and background regions are differentiated by comparing these values with scenario dependent threshold values. Experimental results show that the proposed method has high success rate in the detection of targets above sea-level and sky targets in visual band images.

关键词： Object detection Marine vehicles signal processing algorithms signal processing conferences Histograms Solid modeling

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Modeling of rate and perceptual quality of video and its application to frame rate adaptive rate control

Modeling of rate and perceptual quality of video and its app...

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IEEE International conference on Image processing

作者： Zhan Ma Meng Xu Kyeong Yang Yao Wang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Polytechnic Institute of New york University Brooklyn NY USA Video Technologies Dialogic Inc. Parsippany NJ USA

In a prior work, we have developed both rate and perceptual quality models for temporal and amplitude (i.e., SNR) scalable video produced by the H.264/SVC encoder. In this paper, we validate from experimental data that the functional form of the rate model is applicable to H.264/AVC encoded video, which has the same temporal scalability but no SNR scalability, but the model parameter values differ. We further investigate how to predict both rate and quality model parameters using content features computed from the original video. Experimental data show that with proper feature combination, we can estimate the model parameters very accurately, and the estimated bit rate and quality using the predicted model parameters match with the measured bit rate and quality with high Pearson correlation (PC) and small root mean square error (RMSE). We have implemented a simple pre-processor in the H.264/AVC encoder to guide the frame rate adaptive rate control. Results show that our model-based frame rate adaptive rate control outperforms the default rate control algorithm with better quality.

关键词： Adaptation models Bit rate Predictive models Computational modeling Quantization Analytical models signal to noise ratio

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High-Pressure Xenon Gas TPC for Neutrino-Less Double-Beta Decay in ¹³⁶Xe: Progress Toward the Goal of 1% FWHM Energy Resolution

High-Pressure Xenon Gas TPC for Neutrino-Less Double-Beta De...

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IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium/Medical Imaging conference (NSS/MIC)/18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors

作者： Goldschmidt, Azriel Miller, Tom Nygren, David Renner, Joshua Shuman, Derek Spieler, Helmuth White, James Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Phys Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Berkeley CA 94720 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Phys College Stn TX 77843 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467301206

A high-pressure xenon gas (HPXe) TPC offers attractive possibilities in the search for neutrino-less double-beta decay in Xe-136. In the gas phase, near-intrinsic energy resolution is available from the ionization signal only, in contrast to the liquid phase which displays anomalously large fluctuations in the partition of energy between scintillation and ionization. In addition, events in the gas phase extend over several cm, permitting topological tests to discriminate efficiently against gamma-ray backgrounds. Our TPC exploits the nearly noiseless gain mechanism of electroluminescence to detect the signal. We report on progress with a small HPXe TPC that probes pressures up to 17 bars, also permitting variation of drift fields over an interesting range. the TPC provides excellent performance at the 662 keV gamma ray of Cs-137. this TPC was developed as part of the prototyping stage of the experiment NEXT (Neutrino Experiment with a Xenon TPC), to take place at Canfranc underground laboratory.

关键词： 136Xe 137Cs Canfranc underground laboratory data analysis Energy resolution FWHM energy resolution Neutrino sources signal resolution USA Councils double beta decay drift field variation electroluminescence electroluminescence readout system gamma-ray backgrounds gamma-ray production gas phase near-intrinsic energy resolution high-pressure xenon gas TPC ionization signal large fluctuation analysis neutrino-less double-beta decay noiseless gain mechanism nuclear electronics nuclei with mass number 90 to 149 radioactive sources readout electronics scintillation counters scintillation signal time projection chamber time projection chambers topological test

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WALL-CLUTTER MITIGATION USING CROSS-BEAMFORMING IN thROUGH-thE-WALL RADAR IMAGING

WALL-CLUTTER MITIGATION USING CROSS-BEAMFORMING IN THROUGH-T...

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18th European signal processing conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Debes, Christian Weiss, Christian Zoubir, Abdelhak M. Amin, Moeness G. Tech Univ Darmstadt Signal Proc Grp Darmstadt Germany Villanova Univ Ctr Adv Commun Villanova PA 19085 USA

A new technique for removal of the wall EM returns in through-the-Wall Radar Imaging is presented. It is based on the spatial notch-filtering to separate wall and target reflections. the proposed technique forms squint beams at the receiver using a divided aperture. In doing so, it removes the strong wall signature without eliminating those of the targets. the proposed scheme provides desirable 3D target detection which is evaluated using real data examples from through-the-Wall radar imaging experiments.

关键词： Beamforming

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