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检索条件"任意字段=18th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets"

共 390 条记录，以下是291-300 订阅

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Background modeling and target segmentation via modified Kalman filtering

Background modeling and target segmentation via modified Kal...

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Searle, SJ Univ Adelaide Sch Elect & Elect Engn CSSIP Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

In target detection and tracking applications with imagery data taken from a moving camera platform, it is necessary to segment potential targets in each image frame. this is typically done by preprocessing individual images to exploit some known attribute about the data. Often these methods make many false detections, particularly in the presence of additive noise, and the results thus require significant post-processing. A means of estimating the background in the imagery sequence under the formalism of the Kalman filter is suggested. this background estimate is then used to recast the segmentation problem as one of outlier detection, and the result of segmentation is used to modify the filter update. Ways of making the technique computationally benign are discussed. the technique is used to analyse a simulated image sequence, and the performance is compared to that of a single-frame back-round-estimation technique. the feasibility of target segmentation via background tracking is thus demonstrated.

关键词： Image segmentation Filtering (signal processing) Target detection Matrices Cameras Image filtering Digital filtering Electronic filtering Optical filters Image analysis

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A wavelet-based regularization scheme for HRR radar profile enhancement for use in automatic target recognition

A wavelet-based regularization scheme for HRR radar profile ...

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Morris, HC DePass, MM San Jose State Univ Dept Math San Jose CA 95192 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Cetin(1-2) has applied non-quadratic optimization methods to produce feature-enhanced high-range resolution (ERR) radar profiles. this work concerned ground-based targets and was carried-out in the temporal domain. In this paper, we propose a wavelet-based-half-quadratic technique(3) for ground-to-air target identification. the method is tested on simulated data generated by standard techniques(4). this analysis shows the ability of the proposed method to recover high-resolution features such as the locations and amplitudes of the dominant scatterers in the HRR profile. this suggests that the technique potentially may help improve the performance of HRR target recognition systems.

关键词： high range-resolution radar wavelets signal reconstruction non-quadratic optimization superresolution

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data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Poisson multiple target tracking

Data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Po...

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Mori, S Chong, CY ALPHATECH Inc Mountain View CA 94040 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

this paper discusses the evaluation of data association hypotheses for a general class of multiple target tracking problems. We assume that the number of targets is unknown, and that given the number of targets, the joint target state distributions form a system of independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) probability distributions. We are particularly interested in the case where the prior probability distribution of the number of targets is not necessarily Poisson. We will show that the Poisson assumption is not only sufficient but also necessary for the commonly used standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula. Consequently, we claim that the use of the standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula implies, either explicitly or implicitly, the Poisson assumption. We will also examine the Poisson assumption on the number of false alarms in each measurement set.

关键词： multiple target tracking data association hypothesis evaluation IID cluster non-Poisson point process

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Tracking ground vehicles on a grid

Tracking ground vehicles on a grid

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Sworder, DD Boyd, JE Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Hybrid models have proven useful for tracking targets with multiple motion modes. Most emphasis in the literature has been devoted to aircraft which transition from constant velocity motion to constant (or nearly constant) turns and back. Ground targets motions have received less attention despite similarities with aircraft. this paper presents a study of the ground-tracking problem using the Gaussian wavelet estimator as the basic algorithm. the sensor suite contains a matrix of range-bearing sensors of quality that is strongly range dependent. there also may be an acoustic sensor which provides an auxiliary speed measurement. It is shown that the high degree of partitioning of the kinematic state space provided by the algorithm is useful in this application.

关键词： nonlinear filters target tracking data fusion

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A dynamic approach to efficiently clustering and predicting groups for moving targets

A dynamic approach to efficiently clustering and predicting ...

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Ma, DY Zhang, AD SUNY Buffalo Dept Comp Sci & Engn Buffalo NY 14260 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Effective and efficient approaches to monitor and manage maneuvering objects are of great importance in various applications, such as wide battlefields, traffics, and wireless communications. Modern airborne radar sensors can provide wide-area surveillance coverage of ground activities. the huge volume of radar data renders it impractical and inefficient to examine all the activities of individual moving object. Clustering moving objects and predicting motion tendencies of large groups are becoming a crucial issue for optimizing resource distribution and formulating sound decisions. However, most traditional clustering techniques are static-object-oriented and not effective at clustering maneuvering objects. In addition, the radar data intermittence and noise data, which are caused by extraneous objects and stationary clutter background, are major difficulties in clustering and predicting groups. In this paper, we present a dynamic-object-oriented clustering approach to detecting and predicting large group activities over time. We propose a "core member" concept to support dynamic-object-oriented clustering and to mitigate the effects of data intermittence and noise data. In general, some special targets always tend to remain in a constant group and stay near the center of that group. To a large extent, the movement of these targets represents the activity of the entire group. To exploit this characteristic, we consider these special targets to be core members of their own cluster. the movements of the core members can help us detect clusters and predict their future movements. the performance and results of the application of our approach to CASTFOREM data sets are also presented.

关键词： Radar Detection and tracking algorithms Filtering (signal processing) Target detection Electronic filtering Sensors data modeling Surveillance Wireless communications signal detection

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Evaluation of an approximate crosscovariance calculation for track-to-track fusion

Evaluation of an approximate crosscovariance calculation for...

引用

16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Sinav, A Balci, AM Bar-Shalom, Y Turkish Navy Res & Dev Ctr Command Istanbul Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

the effect of the crosscovariance in track-to-track fusion has been studied in [2] [3] [4] [5]. Ignoring the crosscovariance of the local track estimation errors leads to optimistic covariance for the fused state estimates. However, evaluation of this crosscovariance is too demanding. Consequently, we approximate the crosscovariances between two sensors' track estimation errors in a manner similar to one of the procedures presented in [2], namely, with constant crosscorrelation coefficients. the results of using this in a practical naval surveillance system are discussed by comparing the exact covariances;of the fused tracks, the covariances obtained with the approximation and the covariances obtained by completely ignoring the crosscorrelations.

关键词： Error analysis Sensors Monte Carlo methods Filtering (signal processing) Matrices Radar Surveillance systems Computer engineering Detection and tracking algorithms Sensor fusion

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Tracking manoeuvring targets using a scale mixture of normals

Tracking manoeuvring targets using a scale mixture of normal...

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Maskell, S Gordon, N Everett, N Robinson, M QinetiQ Ltd Malvern Technol Ctr Malvern Worcs England

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

the assumption of Gaussian noise in the system and measurement model has been standard practice for target tracking algorithm development for many years. For problems involving manoeuvring targets this is known to be an over-simplification and a potentially poor approximation. In this paper the use of heavy-tailed distributions is suggested as a means of efficiently modelling the behaviour of manoeuvring targets with a single dynamic model. We exploit the fact that all heavy-tailed distributions can be written as scale mixture of Normals to propose a Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (SMNPF) where particles sample the history of the continuous scale parameter and a Kalman filter is used to conduct the associated filtering for each particle. Schemes are proposed for making the proposal of new particles efficient. Performance of a heavy-tailed system model implemented via the SMNPF filter is compared against an IMM for a sample trajectory taken from a benchmark problem.

关键词： tracking filtering manoeuvring target non-Gaussian heavy-tailed distribution particle filter

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Attributes in tracking and classification with incomplete data

Attributes in tracking and classification with incomplete da...

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Drummond, OE CyberRnD Inc Culver City CA 90230 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

An obvious use for feature and attribute data is for classification and in combat identification. the term classification is used broadly here to include discrimination, detection, target typing, identification, and pattern recognition. An additional use is in the data (or track) association process to reduce the misassociations, often called feature aided tracking. Previous papers discussed the integration of features and attributes into target track processing in addition to their use in multiple target classification. the distinction is made between feature and attribute data because they are processed differently. the term features applies to data from continuous sample space and attributes applies to data from discrete sample space. the primary concern of this paper is to address processing of attributes when there is incomplete data. For example in fusion of sensor data from distributed sensors, a sensor processor might make a hard decision on whether a target exhibits a specific target class (or attribute value) or not (without providing additional information such as likelihoods or probabilities). In another example, a sensor might distribute the likelihood of the most likely target class (or attribute property) and no information on the other possibilities. Both classification and attribute aided tracking is addressed for these examples of incomplete data. the purpose of this paper is to show the feasibility of a simple approach to dealing with incomplete data.

关键词： multiple target tracking feature aided tracking features attributes categorical features multiple models Bayesian methods and Kalman filter

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data association combined with the probability hypothesis density filter for multitarget tracking

Data association combined with the probability hypothesis de...

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Lin, L Bar-Shalom, Y Kirubarajan, T Univ Connecticut Dept ECE Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Multiple target tracking requires data association that operates in conjunction with filtering. When multiple targets are closely spaced, the conventional approach (MHT/assignment) may not give satisfactory results. this is mainly because of the difficulty in deciding what the number of targets is. Recently, the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, which propagates the PHD or the first moment instead of the full multitarget posterior density, was proposed in. (6-10) In this approach, the integral of the PHD over a region in the state space is the expected number of targets within this region and the peaks in the PHD can be regarded as the estimated locations of the targets at a given time step. In this approach the data association problem is not considered, i.e., the PHD is obtained only for a frame at a time. In our paper, a data association method combined with the PHD approach is proposed for multitarget tracking, i.e., we keep a separate tracker for each target, use the PHD filter to get the estimated number and locations of the targets at each time step, and then perform the "peak-to-track" association, whose results can provide information for PHD peak extraction at the next time step. Besides, by keeping a separate tracker for each target, our approach provides more information than the standard PHD filter. Using our approach, the multitarget tracking can be performed with automatic track initiation, maintenance, spawning, merging and termination. Simulation results demonstrate that our approach is computationally feasible and effective.

关键词： data association probability hypothesis density multitarget tracking peak extraction group target tracking assignment algorithms

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A Bayesian network tracking database

A Bayesian network tracking database

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Obermeyer, FH Poore, AB Numer Corp Ft Collins CO USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Most maximum likelihood (ML) trackers based on measurement fusion (measurement-to-measurement or measurement-to-track) or track-to-track fusion produce a single data association hypothesis together with kinematic track state estimates. Uncertainty in the track states due to process and measurement noise is represented by covariance matrices, however uncertainty in the data association is either entirely neglected or representative of only limited types of association uncertainty. this paper presents a Bayesian-Network uncertainty management system for use in conjunction with maximum-likelihood trackers. the system, termed the Bayesian Network Tracking database (BNTD) comprises algorithms for interactive access, whereby expectation values of arbitrary track properties can be calculated over all association hypotheses, and algorithms and data-structures for long-term storage, whereby the complete set of association hypotheses can be efficiently approximated, even over long time intervals. A conjoined MLE/BNTD system is thus capable of supporting target identification (ID), feature-aided tracking, and long-term track maintenance (LTTM).

关键词： Bayesian network tracking database data association multiple hypothesis tracking uncertainty management

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