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An efficient environment allocation scheme in an interpreter for a lexica1ly-scoped lisp 80

An efficient environment allocation scheme in an interpreter...

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1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980

作者： McDermott, Drew Yale University Department of Computer Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450373968

Lexically-scoped lisp dialects offer great flexibility and expressive power. Unfortunately, they tend to be inefficiently implemented, because many interpreter structures such as variable binding environments must be allocated in the heap rather than on the stack. One solution to this problem is to allocate them on the stack, then move them to the heap if necessary. This means moving the environment of a function only if it passes an environment pointer to the last function it calls, returns an environment pointer as a value, sets a global variable to one, or CONSes one into a list structures. To make this work, the interpreter must be able to tell which current environments a function call is the last function call of, and must know exactly what parts of the stack can be moved. This approach saves dramatically on garbage collections, at the price of increasing function application time a bit. It is worth doing if free storage is not abundant, or if it is important to avoid garbage collections. © Proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980. All rights reserved.

关键词： functional programming

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Address/memory management for a gigantic lisp environment or, GC considered harmful 80

Address/memory management for a gigantic LISP environment or...

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1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980

作者： White, Jon L. Laboratory for Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA01239 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450373968

The possibility of incredibly cheap, fantastically large media for storage gives rise to a realistic lisp memory management scheme under which GC may be postponed for days, or even indefinitely;the idea is encapsulated in the acronym "DDI" - "GC? Don't Do It!". Tertiary memory is used to archive pages of the lisp environment which are perhaps reclaimabie, but which have not been proven so;whereas the standard technique of "paging" is used to swap active data from the main memory to a secondary store such as magnetic disk. Some scenarios are presented considering a variety of currently-available technologies, and of one speculative possibility - videodisc - by which a requisite compactifying GC would be done "overnight", or over the weekend. With enough tertiary available, one design could last for over 12 years without a GC. "Write-once" memories, probably unusable for most applications, would not be at a disadvantage here. © Proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital storage

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A lisp compiler producing compact code 80

A LISP compiler producing compact code

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1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980

作者： Rowan, William Radiologic Imaging Laboratory U.C. San Francisco United States Radiologic Imaging Laboratory U.C. Berkeley United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450373968

A compiler has been written which compiles MAClisp into a compact intermediate language called 1-code, and an 1-code interpreter has been incorporated into an existing lisp system. The 1-code "machine" has a simple stack architecture and an instruction set specifically designed for lisp. Compiled programs consist of a string of eight-bit bytes of 1-code, and a local table of quantities used by the compiled code. The system has been used to compile most of the MACSYMA system, and algebraic expressions have been successfully evaluated. The system is about three times faster than interpreted lisp, and about 8 times more compact, if the 1-code and local table are compared in size to the dotted pairs needed for the uncompiled version. The possibility of enhancing the system to a true machine-independent lisp compiler is considered. In particular, the problem of varying instruction quantization size is examined, and a method is given for running 1-code programs on machines with different byte sizes. © Proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980. All rights reserved.

关键词： Program compilers

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Prose and CONS (Multics Emacs: A commercial text-processing system in lisp)

Prose and CONS (Multics Emacs: A commercial text-processing ...

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1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980

作者： Greenberg, Bernard S. CambridgeMA02139 United States

Multics Emacs is an video oriented text processing system released as part of Honeywell's Multics System. Multics Emacs is written in lisp. This program is now in use by several hundred people, who view it both as their standard editor, and a process and display management system. It is the first Honeywell software written in lisp ever to be released. This paper addresses the choice of lisp as the implementation language, and its consequences, including some of the implementation issues. The detailed history of Multics Emacs, its system-level design considerations, and its impact on Multics and its user community are discussed in [Greenberg]. One of the immediate and profound consequences of this choice has been to assert lisp's adequacy, indeed, superiority, as a full-fledged systems and applications programming language. Multics Emacs has established an awareness of lisp in quarters where the term had never been heard. Perhaps even more significantly, persons who have never encountered lisp, or who have encountered it/in college and subsequently neglected it, have learned lisp in order to write extensions (user-supplied code running in the Multics Emacs environment). In some cases, the persons involved were not even programmers and knew no programming language. The ability of lisp to be shaped into highly specialized languages, via the macro facility of Maclisp (the lisp dialect in use on Multics) [Moon], has given rise to a coding formalism of transparency and simplicity;an unprecedented (in the history of Multics) number of unsolicited contributions coded in this formalism have been offered. © Proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980. All rights reserved.

关键词： Text processing

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A semantic comparison of lisp and scheme 80

A semantic comparison of LISP and scheme

引用

1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980

作者： Muchnick, Steven S. Pleban, Uwe F. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Computer Science Department University of Kansas LawrenceKS66045 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450373968

We review the features of some of the major dialects of lisp, show how they are reflected in denotational treatments of their semantics and draw a series of conclusions concerning semantic design of languages, program proving and optimization. We concentrate our attention on four dialects: (1) lisp 1.0 - approximating McCarthy's original design, (2) Modern lisp - approximating the major features of most current systems, (3) Funarg lisp - Modern lisp with upward and downward functional arguments, and (4) SCHEME - Steele and Sussman's lexically scoped dialect. lisp 1.0 and SCHEME are semantically tractable. In both cases it is possible to write a denotational semantics which exactly specifies the types of semantic objects being manipulated and the meaning of each valid syntactic construct. For modern lisp and Funarg lisp, on the other hand, we show that it is not possible to give a semantics which fully specifies the language and satisfies all the tenets of denotational semantics. However, we give a definition which rests on the foundational underpinnings of denotational semantics, thus guarantee-ing that our semantic objects exist, and violates only the structural definition principle: that the meaning of a construct be defined in terms of the meanings of its parts. This has far-reaching significance for program proving, optimization and comprehensibility of programs. © Proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Special forms in lisp 80

Special forms in LISP

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1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980

作者： Pitman, Kent M. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square CambridgeMA02139 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450373968

Special forms are those expressions in the *** language which do not follow normal rules for evaluation. Some such forms arc necessary as primitives of the language, while others may be desirable in order to improve readability, control the evaluation environment, implement abstraction and modularity, affect the flow of control, allow extended scoping mechanisms, define functions which accept a variable number of arguments, or achieve greater efficiency. There exist several long-standing mechanisms for specifying the definition of special forms: FEXPR's, NLAMBDA's and MACRO'S. In this paper, the motivations for using special forms are discussed, followed by a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of employing MACRO's, FEXPR's, and NLAMBDA's as tools for their implementation. It is asserted that MACRO's offer an adequate mechanism for specifying special form definitions and that FEXPR's do not. Evidence is given which supports the author's contention that FEXPR's interfere with the correct operation of code-analyzing programs such as the compiler. Finally, it is suggested that, in the design of future *** dialects, serious consideration be given to the proposition that FEXPR's should be omitted from the language altogether. © Proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming, lfp 1980. All rights reserved.

关键词： Program compilers

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Multics Emacs (Prose and Cons): A commercial text-processing system in lisp 80

Multics Emacs (Prose and Cons): A commercial text-processing...

引用

Proceedings of the 1980 acm conference on lisp and functional programming

作者： Bernard S. Greenberg

ISBN: (纸本)9781450373968

This paper addresses the choice of lisp as the implementation language, and its consequences, including some of the implementation issues. The detailed history of Multics Emacs, its system-level design considerations, and its impact on Multics and its user community are discussed in [Greenberg]. One of the immediate and profound consequences of this choice has been to assert lisp's adequacy, indeed, superiority, as a full-fledged systems and applications programming language. Multics Emacs has established an awareness of lisp in quarters where the term had never been heard.

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