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Towards adaptive programming integrating reinforcement learning into a programming language 08

Towards adaptive programming integrating reinforcement learn...

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23rd ACM conference on object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications, oopsla 2008

作者： Simpkins, Christopher Bhat, Sooraj Isbell Jr., Charles Mateas, Michael College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology United States Computer Science Department University of California Santa Cruz United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582153

Current programming languages and software engineering paradigms are proving insufficient for building intelligent multi-agent systems-such as interactive games and narratives-where developers are called upon to write increasingly complex behavior for agents in dynamic environments. A promising solution is to build adaptive systems;that is, to develop software written specifically to adapt to its environment by changing its behavior in response to what it observes in the world. In this paper we describe a new programming language, An Adaptive Behavior Language (A2BL), that implements adaptive programming primitives to support partial programming, a paradigm in which a programmer need only specify the details of behavior known at code-writing time, leaving the run-time system to learn the rest. Partial programming enables programmers to more easily encode software agents that are difficult to write in existing languages that do not offer language-level support for adaptivity. We motivate the use of partial programming with an example agent coded in a cutting-edge, but non-adaptive agent programming language (ABL), and show how A2BL can encode the same agent much more naturally. Copyright © 2008 ACM.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Virtual machines and intermediate languages for emerging modularization mechanisms (VMIL 2008)

Virtual machines and intermediate languages for emerging mod...

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23rd ACM SIGPLAN conference on object oriented programming systems languages and applications,oopsla 2008

作者： Rajan, Hridesh Haupt, Michael Bockisch, Christoph Dyer, Robert Iowa State University United States University of Potsdam Germany Technische Universitat Darmstadt Germany

Modern programming languages are compiled to intermediate code preserving the intention of high-level language constructs. Emerging modularization mechanisms, however, lack such handling. Recent research results have shown that deeper support for these modularization mechanisms, e.g., in virtual machines and intermediate languages, is feasible;it allows applying tailored optimizations and radically improves development processes such as incremental compilation, debugging, etc. The VMIL workshop, second in the series, is a forum for research in virtual machines and intermediate languages with support for emerging modularization mechanisms such as mix-ins, units, open classes, hyper-slices, adaptive methods,roles, composition filters, layers, pointcuts-and-advice, and inter-type declarations. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: compilation-based and interpreter-based virtual machines as well as intermediate language designs with dedicated support for emerging modularization mechanisms, compilation techniques, optimization strategies, improved techniques for fast predicate evaluation (e.g., of pointcuts) inside virtual machines, and advanced caching and memory management schemes.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Performance pitfalls in large-scale java applications translated from COBOL

Performance pitfalls in large-scale java applications transl...

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23rd ACM SIGPLAN conference on object oriented programming systems languages and applications,oopsla 2008

作者： Suganuma, Toshio Yasue, Toshiaki Onodera, Tamiya Nakatani, Toshio IBM Research Tokyo Research Laboratory 1623-14 Shimo-tsuruma Yamato Kanagawa Japan

There is a growing need to translate large-scale legacy mainframe applications from COBOL to Java. This is to transform the applications into modern Web-based services, without sacrificing the original programming investments. Most often, COBOL-to-Java translators are used first for the base program transformations, and then corrections and fine tuning are applied by hand to the resulting code. However, there are many serious performance problems that frequently appear in those Java programs translated from COBOL, and it is particularly difficult to identify problems hidden deeply in large-scale middleware applications. This paper describes the details of some performance pitfalls that easily slip into large-scale Java applications translated from COBOL using a translator, and that are primarily due to the impedance mismatch between the two languages. We classified those problems into four categories: eager object allocations, exceptions in normal control flows, reflections in common paths, and inappropriate use of the Java class library. Using large-scale production middleware, we present detailed evaluation results, showing how much overhead these problems can cause, both independently and collectively, in real-world scenarios. The work should be a step forward toward understanding the problems and building tools to generate Java programs that have comparable performance with corresponding COBOL programs.

关键词： Middleware

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Re-engineering the algorithmA project for long-term maintenance

Re-engineering the algorithmA project for long-term maintena...

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23rd ACM SIGPLAN conference on object oriented programming systems languages and applications,oopsla 2008

作者： James, Willie Lucas, Phil O'Connor, John Concepcion, Arturo I 793-2853 United States 750-9482 United States 813-0120 United States 537-5330 United States

The AlgorithmA project has been in existence since 1991 and is used as an on-going project in the software engineering class taught at CSUSB. In 1998, the project was first implemented on the Internet using Java. In 2007, the maintenance of the project was a big challenge because of the size of the project and the complexity of the architectural design. This paper talks about the decision process of the software engineering class that led to the re-engineering of the entire AlgorithmA project, which is a situation that actually happens in a real software company. The observations and experiences of the project manager, the team leader of the maintenance team, and the team leader of the Java team that implemented the re-design of the project, are discussed in this paper. In 2008, the project was continued by forward engineering the original functions of AlgorithmA. The re-design followed the Model/View/Controller (MVC) model and using the Observer and Factory patterns, made the AlgorithmA project maintainable and extensible for many more years to come.

关键词： Java programming language

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Contention-Aware Scheduler: Unlocking Execution Parallelism in Multithreaded Java Programs 08

Contention-Aware Scheduler: Unlocking Execution Parallelism ...

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23rd Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Xian, Feng Srisa-an, Witawas Jiang, Hong Univ Nebraska Dept Comp Sci & Engn Lincoln NE 68588 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582153

In multithreaded programming, locks are frequently used as a mechanism for synchronization. Because today's operating systems do not consider lock usage as a scheduling criterion, scheduling decisions can be unfavorable to multithreaded applications, leading to performance issues such as convoying and heavy lock contention in systems with multiple processors. Previous efforts to address these issues (e.g., transactional memory, lock-free data structure) often treat scheduling decisions as "a fact of life:" and therefore these solutions try to cope with the consequences of undesirable scheduling instead of dealing with the problem directly. In this paper, we introduce Contention-Aware Scheduler (CA-Scheduler), which is designed to support efficient execution of large multithreaded Java applications in multiprocessor systems. Our proposed scheduler employs a scheduling policy that reduces lock contention. As will be shown in this paper, our prototype implementation of the CA-Scheduler in Linux and Sun HotSpot virtual machine only incurs 3.5% runtime overhead, while the overall performance differences, when compared with a system with no contention awareness, range from a degradation of 3% in a small multithreaded benchmark to an improvement of 15% in a large Java application server benchmark.

关键词： Experimentation languages Performance

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Cross language refactoring for Eclipse plug-ins

Cross language refactoring for Eclipse plug-ins

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2nd Workshop on Refactoring Tools, WRT '08, in conjunction with the conference on object oriented programming systems languages and applications, oopsla 2008

作者： Kempf, Martin Kleeb, Reto Klenk, Michael Sommerlad, Peter IFS Institute for Software HSR Rapperswil Oberseestr. 10 CH-8640 Rapperswil Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583396

This article presents our research on how a cross-language refactoring could be implemented in an Eclipse Plugin. A non-Java language running on the Java virtual machine JVM interacts with Java code. Refactorings in either language might break the code written in the other. To keep the code synchronized, cross-language Refactoring is needed. In this article we describe how such a cross-language feature can be implemented. Which parts of the Java Development Toolkit JDT of Eclipse you can use and what has to be written at your own. The examples are shown for the language Groovy for which we implemented refactoring support for the Eclipse Plug-in (GRE-Refactoring), but the basic architecture can also be used for others like Scala. Copyright © 2008 ACM.

关键词： Java programming language

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The Impact of Static-Dynamic Coupling on Remodularization 08

The Impact of Static-Dynamic Coupling on Remodularization

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23rd Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Chern, Rick De Voider, Kris Univ British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582153

We explore the concept of static-dynamic coupling-the degree to which changes in a program's static modular structure imply changes to its dynamic structure. This paper investigates the impact of static-dynamic coupling in a programming language on the effort required to evolve the coarse modular structure of programs written in that language. We performed a series of remodularization case studies in both Java and SubjectJ. SubjectJ is designed to be similar to Java, but have strictly less static-dynamic coupling. Our results include quantitative measures-time taken and number of bugs introduced-as well as a more subjective qualitative analysis of the remodularization process. All results point in the same direction and suggest that static-dynamic coupling causes substantial accidental complexity for the remodularization of Java programs.

关键词： remodularization subject-oriented programming hyperslices static-dynamic coupling refactoring language design

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Mixing Source and Bytecode A Case for Compilation by Normalization 08

Mixing Source and Bytecode A Case for Compilation by Normali...

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23rd Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Kats, Lennart C. L. Bravenboer, Martin Visser, Eelco Delft Univ Technol Dept Software Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands Univ Oregon Dept Comp & Informat Sci Eugene OR 97403 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582153

Language extensions increase programmer productivity by providing concise, often domain-specific syntax, and support for static verification of correctness, security, and style constraints. Language extensions can often be realized through translation to the base language, supported by preprocessors and extensible compilers. However, various kinds of extensions require further adaptation of a base compiler's internal stages and components, for example to support separate compilation or to make use of low-level primitives of the platform (e.g., jump instructions or unbalanced synchronization). To allow for a more loosely coupled approach, we propose an open compiler model based on normalization steps from a high-level language to a subset of it, the core language. We developed such a compiler for a mixed Java and (core) bytecode language, and evaluate its effectiveness for composition mechanisms such as traits, as well as statement-level and expression-level language extensions.

关键词： Dryad Compiler Stratego Java Bytecode SDF Compilers Meta programming Embedded languages Language Extensions Domain-Specific languages Source Tracing Traits Iterators

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Annotation Refactoring: Inferring Upgrade Transformations for Legacy applications 08

Annotation Refactoring: Inferring Upgrade Transformations fo...

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23rd Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Tansey, Wesley Tilevich, Eli Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582153

Since annotations were added to the Java language, many frameworks have moved to using annotated Plain Old Java objects (POJOs) in their newest releases. Legacy applications are thus forced to undergo extensive restructuring in order to migrate front old framework versions to new versions based on annotations (Version Lock-in). Additionally, because annotations are embedded in the application code, changing between framework vendors may also entail large-scale manual changes (Vendor Lock-in). This paper presents a novel refactoring approach that effectively solves these two problems. Our approach infers a concise set of semantics-preserving transformation rules from two versions of a single class. Unlike prior approaches that detect only simple structural refactorings, our algorithm can infer general composite refactorings and is more than 97% accurate on average. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by automatically upgrading more than 80K lines of the unit testing code of four open-source Java applications to use the latest version of the popular JUnit testing framework.

关键词： Refactoring Upgrading Frameworks Metadata Java Annotations Eclipse JUnit

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Refactoring is not (yet) about transformation

Refactoring is not (yet) about transformation

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2nd Workshop on Refactoring Tools, WRT '08, in conjunction with the conference on object oriented programming systems languages and applications, oopsla 2008

作者： Ekman, Torbjörn Schäfer, Max Verbaere, Mathieu Programming Tools Group University of Oxford United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781605583396

In order to ensure correctness, refactorings have to check extensive preconditions before performing the transformation. These preconditions usually involve subtle analyses of the program to be refactored, and as long as there is no good support for implementing them, refactoring is not about transformation, but about analysis. In most cases, these refactoring analyses are very similar to analyses implemented in a compiler and require the same level of detail to ensure behaviour preservation. We therefore propose to implement a refactoring engine on top of a compiler to leverage existing infrastructure, and complement it with refactoring-specific functionality. Many simple refactorings appear as building blocks in more complex refactorings. We have implemented two such building blocks that are widely useful: The first one allows to move symbolic names from one place in the program to another while preserving binding structure;it frees the developer from having to worry about issues like name clashes and accidental overriding. The second building block encapsulates data flow and control flow analyses, enabling the developer to specify precise conditions for validity of a transformation in terms of concepts like dominance and liveness. Based on these approaches, we have implemented a refactoring engine as part of a larger effort to generate IDEs from declarative language specifications using the JastAdd metacompiler tools. The described building blocks were successfully used as a foundation for other refactorings such as Rename, Extract Method, and Encapsulate Field. Copyright © ACM.

关键词： Program compilers

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