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User-changeable visibility: Resolving unanticipated name clashes in traits 07

User-changeable visibility: Resolving unanticipated name cla...

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22nd International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Ducasse, Stephane Wuyts, Roel Bergel, Alexandre INRIA Futurs LISTIC Univ Savoie Language & Software evolut Le Bourget Du Lac France IMEC Louvain Belgium Univ Libre Bruxelles Brussels Belgium LERO Trinity Coll Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9781595937865

A trait is a unit of behaviour that can be composed with other traits and used by classes. Traits offer an alternative to multiple inheritance. Conflict resolution of traits, while flexible, does not completely handle accidental method name conflicts: if a trait with method m is composed with another trait defining a different method m then resolving the conflict may prove delicate or infeasible in cases where both versions of m are still needed. In this paper we present freezeable traits, which provide an expressive composition mechanism to support unanticipated method composition conflicts. Our solution introduces private trait methods and lets the class composer change method visibility at composition time (from public to private and vice versa). Moreover two class composers may use different composition policies for the same trait, something which is not possible in mainstream languages. This approach respects the two main design principles of traits: the class composer is empowered and traits can be flattened away. We present an implementation of freezable traits in Smalltalk. As a side-effect of this implementation we introduced private (early-bound and invisible) methods to Smalltalk by distinguishing object-sends from self-sends. Our implementation uses compile-time bytecode manipulation and, as such, introduces no run-time penalties.

关键词： languages dynamic typing traits encapsulation information hiding composition

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Green applications: Software applications that optimize energy usage

Green applications: Software applications that optimize ener...

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22nd International conference on object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications, oopsla 2007 - Companion

作者： Hoi, Chan Kephart, Jeffrey O. IBM T.J Watson Research Center 19 Skyline Drive Hawthorne NY 10532 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938657

Energy consumption is a major cost of operating IT equipment in organizations and data centers. Hardware and software manufacturers are beginning to include power saving options in a range of products from processors to operating systems (OS). Previous work on power saving has focused mainly on OS control of the operating modes of laptop computers and mobile devices to maximize battery life. To take full advantage of these newly available energy saving features, we have developed a power management agent with a set of power control and monitoring interfaces which allows power saving features to be implemented on individual applications. We call these power saving capable applications Green applications. In this demonstration, we will discuss and show a web based Green Application which implements these newly introduced power saving features. This application runs on an IBM HS20 Blade Server with Linux OS and equipped with a processor (Intel Xeon 3 GHz) capable of power management. When the application runs, it continuously adjusts the power level (range from standby to maximum) of the server processor in accordance with the state and performance requirements of the application (expressed as policies or static user-defined control parameters) via the power management agent. The power management agent can manage multiple Green applications and can set the power level of the processor according to the aggregate power requirement of the applications. Using an advanced monitoring tool, the IBM Tivoli Monitoring (ITM) System [1], we will show graphically the dynamic interactions of the state and performance of the application, including processor temperature, CPU utilization, power cap, and power usage in a single integrated view, and present the amount of energy used in comparison with running the same application with no power saving features included.

关键词： Power management

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ILEA: Inter-language analysis across Java and C

ILEA: Inter-language analysis across Java and C

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22nd International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Tan, Gang Morrisett, Greg Boston Coll Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA Harvard Univ Cambridge MA 02138 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1595937862

Java bug finders perform static analysis to find implementation mistakes that can lead to exploits and failures;Java compilers perform static analysis for optimization. If Java programs contain foreign function calls to C libraries, however, static analysis is forced to make either optimistic or pessimistic assumptions about the foreign function calls, since models of the C libraries are typically not available. We propose ILEA (stands for Inter-LanguagE Analysis), which is a framework that enables existing Java analyses to understand the behavior of C code. Our framework includes: (1) a novel specification language, which extends the Java Virtual Machine Language (JVML) with a few primitives that approximate the effects that the C code might have;(2) an automatic specification extractor, which builds models of the C code. Comparing to other possible specification languages, our language is expressive, yet facilitates construction of automatic specification extractors. Furthermore, because the specification language is based on the JVML, existing Java analyses can be easily migrated to utilize specifications in the language. We also demonstrate the utility of the specifications generated, by modifying an existing non-null analysis to identify null-related bugs in Java applications that contain C libraries. Our preliminary experiments identified dozens of null-related bugs.

关键词： languages reliability verification inter-language analysis Java native interface JNI JVML specification extraction

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Tracking bad apples: Reporting the origin of null and undefined value errors 07

Tracking bad apples: Reporting the origin of null and undefi...

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22nd International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Bond, Michael D. Nethercote, Nicholas Kent, Stephen W. Guyer, Samuel Z. McKinley, Kathryn S. Univ Texas Austin Dept Comp Sci Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595937865

Programs sometimes crash due to unusable values, for example, when Java and C# programs dereference null pointers and when C and C++ programs use undefined values to affect program behavior. A stack trace produced on such a crash identifies the effect of the unusable value, not its cause, and is often not much help to the programmer. This paper presents efficient origin tracking of unusable values;it shows how to record where these values come into existence, correctly propagate them, and report them if they cause an error. The key idea is value piggybacking: when the original program stores an unusable value, value piggybacking instead stores origin information in the spare bits of the unusable value. Modest compiler support alters the program to propagate these modified values through operations such as assignments and comparisons. We evaluate two implementations: the first tracks null pointer origins in a JVM, and the second tracks undefined value origins in a memory-checking tool built with Valgrind. These implementations show that origin tracking via value piggybacking is fast and often useful, and in the Java case, has low enough overhead for use in a production environment.

关键词： reliability performance experimentation debugging low-overhead run-time support null pointer exceptions undefined values managed languages Java Valgrind

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Modular verification of higher-order methods with mandatory calls specified by model programs 07

Modular verification of higher-order methods with mandatory ...

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22nd International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Shaner, Steve M. Leavens, Gary T. Naumann, David A. Iowa State Univ Ames IA 50011 USA Stevens Inst Technol Hoboken NJ 07030 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595937865

What we call a "higher-order method" (HOM) is a method that makes mandatory calls to other dynamically-dispatched methods. Examples include template methods as in the Template method design pattern and notify methods in the Observer pattern. HOMs are particularly difficult to reason about, because standard pre- and postcondition specifications cannot describe the mandatory calls. For reasoning about such methods, existing approaches use either higher-order logic or traces, but both are complex and verbose. We describe a simple, concise, and modular approach to specifying HOMs We show how to verify calls to HOMs and their code using first-order verification conditions, in a sound and modular way. Verification of client code that calls HOMs can take advantage of the client's knowledge about the mandatory calls to make strong conclusions. Our verification technique validates and explains traditional documentation practice for HOMs, which typically shows their code. However, specifications do not have to expose all of the code to clients, but only enough to determine how the HOM makes its mandatory calls.

关键词： languages verification model program verification specification languages grey-box approach higher order method mandatory call Hoare logic refinement calculus

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Killer "Killer Examples" for Design Patterns 07

Killer "Killer Examples" for Design Patterns

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38th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education

作者： Alphonce, Carl Caspersen, Michael Decker, Adrienne SUNY Buffalo Dept Comp Sci & Engn Buffalo NY 14260 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595933614

Giving students an appreciation of the benefits of using design patterns and an ability to use them effectively in developing code presents several interesting pedagogical challenges. This paper discusses pedagogical lessons learned at the "Killer Examples" for Design Patterns and objects First series of workshops held at the object oriented programming, systems, languages and applications (oopsla) conference over the past four years. It also showcases three "killer examples" which can be used to support the teaching of design patterns.

关键词： object-orientation Design Patterns

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Elephant 2000: A programming language based on speech acts

Elephant 2000: A programming language based on speech acts

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22nd International conference on object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications, oopsla 2007 - Companion

作者： McCarthy, John Stanford University Palo Alto CA United States Stanford University

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938657

Elephant 2000 is a proposed programming language good for writing and verifying programs that interact with people (e.g., transaction processing) or interact with programs belonging to other organizations (e.g., electronic data interchange). Communication inputs and outputs are in an I/O language whose sentences are meaningful speech acts identified in the language as questions, answers, offers, acceptances, declinations, requests, permissions, and promises. The correctness of programs is partly defined in terms of proper performance of the speech acts. Answers should be truthful and responsive, and promises should be kept. Sentences of logic expressing these forms of correctness can be generated automatically from the form of the program. Elephant source programs may not need data structures, because they can refer directly to the past. Thus a program can say that an airline passenger has a reservation if he has made one and hasn't cancelled it. Elephant programs themselves can be represented as sentences of logic. Their extensional properties follow from this representation without an intervening theory of programming or anything like Hoare axioms. Elephant programs that interact non-trivially with the outside world can have both input-output specifications, relating the programs inputs and outputs, and accomplishment specifications concerning what the program accomplishes in the world. These concepts are respectively generalizations of the philosophers' illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts. Programs that engage in commercial transactions assume obligations on behalf of their owners in exchange for obligations assumed by other entities. It may be part of the specifications of an Elephant 2000 program that these obligations are exchanged as intended, and this too can be expressed by a logical sentence. Human speech acts involve intelligence. Elephant 2000 is on the borderline of Al, but the talk emphasizes the Elephant usages that do not require AI.

关键词： Specifications

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Second life: The world's biggest programming environment

Second life: The world's biggest programming environment

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22nd International conference on object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications, oopsla 2007 - Companion

作者： Purbrick, Jim Lentczner, Mark Linden Lab. San Francisco CA United States Linden Lab. Brighton United States Linden Lab.

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938657

Second Life is a large, on-line virtual world where avatars dance, fly, buy virtual clothing, play games, have meetings...and program. About 256k residents of Second Life write code that runs 24/7 in over 2M simulated objects in a continuous 3D landscape twice the size of Montréal. This giant, collaborative development environment is run on a large grid of over 12k CPUs in a grid of "simulators" that run the land of Second Life. The simulators have an integral virtual machine for the scripting language people use. Despite the inherit difficulties, the system demonstrably does enough right to enable development of a huge amount of content in Second Life. As the virtual world grows, we have been evolving its infrastructure for programming in several ways. Integration of the Mono virtual machine presented a huge set of challenges but offers major advantages as Second Life grows. We have also had to architect and extend in light of the fact that Second Life is a continuously running system on which over a million people rely. Finally, apart from the language and run-time environment, Second Life also presents a social environment in which to program collaboratively. Within Linden Lab, we have pioneered the use of Second Life as an integral part of our development methodology even when working on the underlying code of Second Life itself. These experiences point toward a re-imagining of programming as a globally immersive collaborative experience.

关键词： Virtual machine

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Tracking bad apples: Reporting the origin of null and undefined value errors

Tracking bad apples: Reporting the origin of null and undefi...

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22nd Annual ACM SIGPLAN International conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications, oopsla'07

作者： Bond, Michael D. McKinley, Kathryn S. Kent, Stephen W. Nethercote, Nicholas N. Guyer, Samuel Z. Dept. of Computer Sciences University of Texas at Austin United States National ICT Australia Australia Dept. of Computer Science Tufts University United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595937862

Programs sometimes crash due to unusable values, for example, Java and C# programs dereference null pointers when C and C++ programs use undefined values to program behavior. A stack trace produced on such a identifies the effect of the unusable value, not its cause, is often not much help to the programmer. paper presents efficient origin tracking of unusable ; it shows how to record where these values come into, correctly propagate them, and report them if they an error. The key idea is value piggybacking: when original program stores an unusable value, value piggybacking stores origin information in the spare bits of unusable value. Modest compiler support alters the program propagate these modified values through operations as assignments and comparisons. We evaluate two implementations: first tracks null pointer origins in a JVM, the second tracks undefined value origins in a memorychecking built with Valgrind. These implementations that origin tracking via value piggybacking is fast and useful, and in the Java case, has low enough overhead for use in a production environment. Copyright 2007 ACM.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Green: A flexible UML class diagramming tool for eclipse

Green: A flexible UML class diagramming tool for eclipse

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WikiSym'07, ISMM'07, HPC-GECO/CompFrame'07, DLS'07 - 22nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on object-oriented programming systems and applications Companion, oopsla'07

作者： Wang, Gene McSkimming, Brian Marzec, Zachary Gardner, Josh Decker, Adrienne Alphonce, Carl Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo SUNY NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938657

Green is a live round tripping UML class diagram editor plug-in for Eclipse, originally designed with the intention of focusing CS1/CS2 students on modeling and design. Green's ease of use and flexible features has allowed it to grow into a robust tool providing end users with an easy to use application satisfying their individual class diagramming needs. Green's live round tripping capability allows users to generate (Java) code from UML class diagrams and generate diagrams from (Java) code and have them both update each other as any changes are made. This demo will demonstrate the main features of Green, including forward and reverse engineering, live roundtripping, incremental exploration, and the various aspects of relationship semantics. Since Green is an ongoing project, demonstrations of additional features not in this list may also be included.

关键词： object oriented programming

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