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Javari: Adding reference immutability to Java

Javari: Adding reference immutability to Java

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Tschantz, Matthew S. Ernst, Michael D. MIT CSAIL Cambridge MA United States

This paper describes a type system that is capable of expressing and enforcing immutability constraints. The specific constraint expressed is that the abstract state of the object to which an immutable reference refers cannot be modified using that reference. The abstract state is (part of) the transitively reachable state: that is, the state of the object and all state reachable from it by following references. The type system permits explicitly excluding fields from the abstract state of an object. For a statically type-safe language, the type system guarantees reference immutability. If the language is extended with immutability downcasts, then run-time checks enforce the reference immutability constraints. This research builds upon previous research in language support for reference immutability. Improvements that are new in this paper include distinguishing the notions of assignability and mutability;integration with Java 5's generic types and with multi-dimensional arrays;a mutability polymorphism approach to avoiding code duplication;type-safe support for reflection and serialization;and formal type rules and type soundness proof for a core calculus. Furthermore, it retains the valuable features of the previous dialect, including usability by humans (as evidenced by experience with 160,000 lines of Javari code) and interoperability with Java and existing JVMs. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： Java programming language

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Modeling architectural patterns using architectural primitives 05

Modeling architectural patterns using architectural primitiv...

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20th conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Zdun, U Avgeriou, P Vienna Univ Econ Dept Informat Syst Vienna Austria Fraunhofer IPSI Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781595930316

Architectural patterns are a key point in architectural documentation. Regrettably, there is poor support for modeling architectural patterns, because the pattern elements are not directly matched by elements in modeling languages, and, at the same time, patterns support an inherent variability that is hard to model using a single modeling solution. This paper proposes tackling this problem by finding and representing architectural primitives, as the participants in the solutions that patterns convey. In particular, we examine a number of architectural patterns to discover those primitive abstractions that are common among the patterns, and at the same time demonstrate a degree of variability in each pattern. These abstractions belong in the components and connectors architectural view, though more abstractions can be found in other views. We have selected UML 2 as the language for representing these primitive abstractions as extensions of the standard UML elements. The added value of this approach is twofold: it proposes a generic and extensible approach for modeling architectural patterns by means of architectural primitives;it demonstrates an initial set of primitives that participate in several well-known architectural patterns.

关键词： design languages software patterns architectural patterns modeling patterns architectural documentation UML OCL

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Micro patterns in Java code

Micro patterns in Java code

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20th conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Gil, J Maman, I Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci IL-32000 Haifa Israel

Micro patterns are similar to design patterns, except that micro patterns stand at a lower. closer to the implementation, level of abstraction. Micro patterns are also unique in that they are mechanically recognizable, since each such pattern can be expressed as a formal condition on the structure of a class. This paper presents a catalog of 27 micro-patterns defined on JAVA classes and interfaces. The catalog captures a wide spectrum of common programming practices, including a particular and (intentionally restricted) use of inheritance, immutability I data management and wrapping, restricted creation, and emulation of procedural-, modular-, and even functional- programming paradigms with object oriented constructs. Together, the patterns present a set of prototypes after which a large portion Of all JAVA classes and interfaces are modeled. We provide empirical indication that this portion is as high as 75%. A statistical analysis of occurrences of micro patterns in a large software corpus, spanning some 70,000 JAVA classes drawn from a rich set of application domains, shows, with high confidence level that the use of these patterns is not random. These results indicate consciousness and discernible design decisions, which are sustained in the software evolution. With high confidence level, we can also show that the use of these patterns is tied to the specification, or the purpose, that the software realizes. The traceability, abundance and the statistical significance of micro pattern occurrence raise the hope of using the classification of software into these patterns for a more founded appreciation of its design and code quality.

关键词： design object-oriented programming program analysis design patterns implementation patterns

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Testing domain-specific languages in eclipse

Testing domain-specific languages in eclipse

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Wu, Hui Gray, Jeff Department of Computer and Information Science University of Alabama at Birmingham BirminghamAL35294-1170 United States

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) use idioms that are closer to the abstractions found in a specific problem domain. Tool support for testing and debugging DSLs is lacking when compared to the capabilities provided for standard general purpose languages (GPLs). In fact, support for debugging and testing a program written in a DSL is often nonexistent. A common approach for implementing DSLs is to create a pre-processor that translates the DSL source into an object-oriented GPL, such as Java or C++. A DSL grammar serves as the primary artifact for defining DSLs from a higher level of abstraction. This demonstration is focused on a grammar-driven technique to build a testing tool from existing DSL grammars. The DSL grammars are used to generate the hooks needed to interface with a supporting infrastructure written for Eclipse that assists in testing and debugging a program written in a *** demonstration will introduce a framework to automate the generation of DSL testing tools (e.g., debugger and unit test engine) for imperative and declarative DSLs. Our framework provides Eclipse plug-ins for defining DSLs, along with a translator and interface generator that maps the DSL debugging/testing perspective to the underlying GPL debugging/testing services. This demonstration will provide evidence to support the feasibility and applicability of using the information derived from DSL grammars and existing software components to support end-user debugging and testing in a domain friendly programming environment. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Problem oriented languages

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Removing Duplication from ***: A Case Study using Traits

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Murphy-Hill, Emerson R. Quitslund, Philip J. Black, Andrew P. Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer Science Portland State University PortlandOR United States

Code duplication is a serious problem with no easy solution, even in industrial-strength code. Single inheritance cannot provide for effective code reuse in all situations, and sometimes programmers are driven to duplicate code using copy and paste. A language feature called traits enables code to be shared across the inheritance hierarchy, and claims to permit the removal of most duplication. We attempted to validate this claim in a case study of the *** library. Detecting duplication was more complex than we had imagined, but traits were indeed able to remove all that we found. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Java programming language

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X10: An object-oriented approach to Non-Uniform Cluster Computing

X10: An object-oriented approach to Non-Uniform Cluster Comp...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Charles, Philippe Grothoff, Christian Saraswat, Vijay Donawa, Christopher Kielstra, Allan Ebcioglu, Kemal Von Praun, Christoph Sarkar, Vivek IBM T.J. Watson Research Center P.O. Box 704 Yorktown Heights NY 10598 United States UCLA Computer Science Department Boelter Hall Los Angeles CA 90095 United States IBM Toronto Laboratory 8200 Warden Avenue Markham ON L6G 1C7 Canada

It is now well established that the device scaling predicted by Moore's Law is no longer a viable option for increasing the clock frequency of future uniprocessor systems at the rate that had been sustained during the last two decades. As a result, future systems are rapidly moving from uniprocessor to multiprocessor configurations, so as to use parallelism instead of frequency scaling as the foundation for increased compute capacity. The dominant emerging multiprocessor structure for the future is a Non- Uniform Cluster Computing (NUCC) system with nodes that are built out of multi-core SMP chips with non-uniform memory hierarchies, and interconnected in horizontally scalable cluster configurations such as blade servers. Unlike previous generations of hardware evolution, this shift will have a major impact on existing software. Current OO language facilities for concurrent and distributed programming are inadequate for addressing the needs of NUCC systems because they do not support the notions of non-uniform data access within a node, or of tight coupling of distributed nodes. We have designed a modern object-oriented programming language, X10, for high performance, high productivity programming of NUCC systems. A member of the partitioned global address space family of languages, X10 highlights the explicit reification of locality in the form of places;lightweight activities embodied in async, future, foreach, and ateach constructs;a construct for termination detection (finish);the use of lock-free synchronization (atomic blocks);and the manipulation of cluster-wide global data structures. We present an overview of the X10 programming model and language, experience with our reference implementation, and results from some initial productivity comparisons between the X10 and JAVA™ languages. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Relational queries over program traces

Relational queries over program traces

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20th conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Goldsmith, S O'Callahan, R Aiken, A Univ Calif Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

Instrumenting programs with code to monitor runtime behavior is a common technique for profiling and debugging. In practice, instrumentation is either inserted manually by programmers, or automatically by specialized tools that monitor particular properties. We propose Program Trace Query Language (PTQL), a language based on relational queries over program traces, in which programmers can write expressive, declarative queries about program behavior. We also describe our compiler, PARIQLE. Given a PTQL query and a Java program, PARTIQLE instruments the program to execute the query on-line. We apply several PTQL queries to a set of benchmark programs, including the Apache Tomcat Web server. Our queries reveal significant performance bugs in the jack SpecJVM98 benchmark, in Tomcat, and in the IBM Java class library, as well as some correct though uncomfortably subtle code in the Xerces XML parser. We present performance measurements demonstrating that our prototype system has usable performance.

关键词： languages performance measurement partiqle PTQL program trace query language relational

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Constructing a metacircular Virtual machine in an exploratory programming environment

Constructing a metacircular Virtual machine in an explorator...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Ungar, David Spitz, Adam Ausch, Alex Sun Microsystems 4150 Network Circle Menlo ParkCA94025 United States

Can virtual machine developers benefit from religiously observing the principles more often embraced for exploratory programming? To find out, we are concurrently constructing two artifacts-a Self VM entirely in Self (the Klein VM), and a specialized development environment-with strict adherence to pure object-orientation, metacircularity, heavy code reuse, reactivity, and mirror-based reflection. Although neither artifact is yet complete, the environ-ment supports many remote debugging and incremental update operations, and the exported virtual machine has successfully run the whole *** a result of our adherence to these principles, there have been both positive and negative consequences. We have been able to find and exploit many opportunities for parsimony. For example, the very same code creates objects in the bootstrap image, builds ob-jects in the running VM, and implements a remote debugger. On the other hand, we have been forced to expend effort to optimize the performance of the environment. Overall, this approach trades off the performance of the environment against the architectural sim-plicity and ease of development of the resulting VM artifact. As computers continue to improve in performance, we believe that this approach will increase in value. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Mirrors

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Arithmetic with measurements on dynamically-typed object-oriented languages

Arithmetic with measurements on dynamically-typed object-ori...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Wilkinson, Hernán Prieto, Máximo Romeo, Luciano Mercap Development Manager Tacuari 202 7mo Piso Buenos AiresC1071AAF Argentina cc11 La Plata1900 Argentina Mercap Software Architect Tacuari 202 7mo Piso Buenos AiresC1071AAF Argentina

In physics, like in other sciences, formulas are specified using explicit measurements, that is, a number with its unit. The first step to determine the validity of a physics formula's evaluation is to verify that the unit of the result corresponds with the prospective unit. In software development, physics, financial and other sciences formulas are programmed using mathematical expressions based only on numbers, being the units of these numbers implicitly given by the semantics of the program or assumed by the programmer's knowledge. Consequently, it is common that errors result from operating with values expressed in different units, e.g., dividing a quantity of years by a quantity of months, without obtaining any type of indication or objection to this error from the system. In this report, we discuss our experience designing and implementing a model that solves this problem reifying the concept of measurement, unit and their arithmetic. Our model relieves the programmer from the arduous task of verifying the validity of the arithmetic expressions regarding units, delegating that responsibility to the system, thereby, diminishing the errors introduced by the incorrect use of values expressed in different units. We also show that having implemented this model with a dynamically typed language simplified its programming and increased its reusability. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Errors

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GOOAL: An Educational object oriented Analysis Laboratory

GOOAL: An Educational Object Oriented Analysis Laboratory

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Pérez-González, H.G. Kalita, Jugal K. Núñez Varela, Alberto Salvador Wiener, Richard S. Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autánoma de San Luis Potosí Mexico Dept. of Computer Science University of Colorado at Colo. Springs Co United States

Our goal is to enable rapid production of static and dynamic object models from natural language description of problems. Rapid modeling is achieved through automation of analysis tasks. This automation captures the cognitive schemes analysts use to build their models of the world through the use of a precise methodology. The methodology is based on the use of proposed technique called role posets, and a semi-natural language (called 4W). First versions of this tool were used as prototypes to produce early design artifacts for very small (toy) problems. Current version has been successfully used as an educational tool in object oriented software engineering courses. We present the tool with its new complete features and results of its application in learning process. Original problem statements are automatically translated to 4W language. The produced sentences then, are analyzed with role posets to produce static model views. Finally the 4W sentences are used to generate dynamic views of the problem. This set of methods maximizes analysis process agility, promotes reusability and constitutes a valuable tool in the learning process of object thinking. The prototype tool: GOOAL (Graphic object oriented Analysis Laboratory) receives a natural language (NL) description of a problem and produces the object models taking decisions sentence by sentence. The user realizes the consequences of the analysis of every sentence in real time. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Set theory

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