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Ercatons and Organic programming: Say Good-Bye to Planned Economy

Ercatons and Organic Programming: Say Good-Bye to Planned Ec...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Imbusch, Oliver Langhammer, Falk Von Walter, Guido Living Pages Research GmbH Kolosseumstrasse 1a Munich80469 Germany

Organic programming (OP) is our proposed and already emerging programming model which overcomes some of the limitations of current practice in software development in general and of object-oriented programming (OOP) in particular. Ercatons provide an implementation of the model. In some respects, OP is less than a (new) programming language, in others, it is more. An "ercato machine"implements the ideas discussed and has been used to validate the concepts described *** programming is centered around the concept of a true "Thing". A thing in an executing software system is bound to behave the way an autonomous object does in our real world, or like a cell does in an organism. Software objects do not. Therefore, traditional software systems must be planned ahead like in a centrally planned economy while with OP, software systems grow. This fact is traced back to be the root why current software development often fails to meet our expectations when it comes to large-scale projects. OP should then be able to provide the means to make software development achieve what other engineering dis-ciplines have achieved a long time ago: that project effort scales sub-linearly with *** OP we introduce a new term because we hope that the approach we are pursuing is radical enough to justify this. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Incrementalization across object abstraction

Incrementalization across object abstraction

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Liu, Yanhong A. Stoller, Scott D. Gorbovitski, Michael Rothamel, Tom Liu, Yanni Ellen Computer Science Department State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794 Department of Computer Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada

object abstraction supports the separation of what operations are provided by systems and components from how the operations are implemented, and is essential in enabling the construction of complex systems from components. Unfortunately, clear and modular implementations have poor performance when expensive query operations are repeated, while efficient implementations that incrementally maintain these query results are much more difficult to develop and to understand, because the code blows up significantly, and is no longer clear or modular. This paper describes a powerful and systematic method that first allows the "what" of each component to be specified in a clear and modular fashion and implemented straightforwardly in an object-oriented language;then analyzes the queries and updates, across object abstraction, in the straightforward implementation;and finally derives the sophisticated and efficient "how" of each component by incrementally maintaining the results of repeated expensive queries with respect to updates to their parameters. Our implementation and experimental results for example applications in query optimization, role-based access control, etc. demonstrate the effectiveness and benefit of the method. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： Abstracting

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Automating vertical profiling

Automating vertical profiling

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Hauswirth, Matthias Sweeney, Peter F. Diwan, Amer Mozer, Michael C. University of Colorado Boulder IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center

Last year at oopsla we presented a methodology, vertical profiling, for understanding the performance of object-oriented programs. The key insight behind this methodology is that modern programs run on top of many layers (virtual machine, middleware, etc) and thus we need to collect and combine information from all layers in order to understand system performance. Although our methodology was able to explain previously unexplained performance phenomena, it was extremely labor intensive, In this paper we describe and evaluate techniques for automating two significant activities of vertical profiling: trace alignment and correlation. Trace alignment aligns traces obtained from separate runs so that one can reason across the traces. We are not aware of any prior approach that effectively and automatically aligns traces. Correlation sifts through hundreds of metrics to find ones that have a bearing on a performance anomaly of interest. In prior work we found that statistical correlation was only sometimes effective. We have identified highly-effective approaches for both activities. For aligning traces we explore dynamic time warping, and for correlation we explore eight correlators based on statistical correlation, distance measures, and piecewise linear segmentation. Although we explore these activities in the context of vertical profiling, both activities are widely applicable in the performance analysis area. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Using globus grid objects to extend a corba-based object-oriented system

Using globus grid objects to extend a corba-based object-ori...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Spetka, Scott E. Ramseyer, George O. Linderman, Richard W. Itt Industries Suny Institute of Technology PO Box 3050 UticaNY13501 United States Afrl Information Directorate 26 Electronics Parkway RomeNY13441 United States

This paper, along with the accompanying demonstration, describes an object-oriented framework for high-performance computing. The original system [1] was developed with Common object Request Broker Architecture (Corba) [2] objects to implement the framework interfaces to code-dependent methods. To add new codes to the initial system required the implementation of new Corba interface objects. Globus Grid objects [3] have extended that original system, and have resulted in added flexibility in the design for the addition of new codes. High-performance computing agent services were also implemented as Globus Grid objects, resulting in enhanced communications between the framework user interface services and the agents responsible for executing the codes. The management functions for remote agents have also been improved. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： User interfaces

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Micro patterns in Java code

Micro patterns in Java code

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20th conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages and applications

作者： Gil, J Maman, I Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci IL-32000 Haifa Israel

Micro patterns are similar to design patterns, except that micro patterns stand at a lower. closer to the implementation, level of abstraction. Micro patterns are also unique in that they are mechanically recognizable, since each such pattern can be expressed as a formal condition on the structure of a class. This paper presents a catalog of 27 micro-patterns defined on JAVA classes and interfaces. The catalog captures a wide spectrum of common programming practices, including a particular and (intentionally restricted) use of inheritance, immutability I data management and wrapping, restricted creation, and emulation of procedural-, modular-, and even functional- programming paradigms with object oriented constructs. Together, the patterns present a set of prototypes after which a large portion Of all JAVA classes and interfaces are modeled. We provide empirical indication that this portion is as high as 75%. A statistical analysis of occurrences of micro patterns in a large software corpus, spanning some 70,000 JAVA classes drawn from a rich set of application domains, shows, with high confidence level that the use of these patterns is not random. These results indicate consciousness and discernible design decisions, which are sustained in the software evolution. With high confidence level, we can also show that the use of these patterns is tied to the specification, or the purpose, that the software realizes. The traceability, abundance and the statistical significance of micro pattern occurrence raise the hope of using the classification of software into these patterns for a more founded appreciation of its design and code quality.

关键词： design object-oriented programming program analysis design patterns implementation patterns

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X10: An object-oriented approach to Non-Uniform Cluster Computing

X10: An object-oriented approach to Non-Uniform Cluster Comp...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Charles, Philippe Grothoff, Christian Saraswat, Vijay Donawa, Christopher Kielstra, Allan Ebcioglu, Kemal Von Praun, Christoph Sarkar, Vivek IBM T.J. Watson Research Center P.O. Box 704 Yorktown Heights NY 10598 United States UCLA Computer Science Department Boelter Hall Los Angeles CA 90095 United States IBM Toronto Laboratory 8200 Warden Avenue Markham ON L6G 1C7 Canada

It is now well established that the device scaling predicted by Moore's Law is no longer a viable option for increasing the clock frequency of future uniprocessor systems at the rate that had been sustained during the last two decades. As a result, future systems are rapidly moving from uniprocessor to multiprocessor configurations, so as to use parallelism instead of frequency scaling as the foundation for increased compute capacity. The dominant emerging multiprocessor structure for the future is a Non- Uniform Cluster Computing (NUCC) system with nodes that are built out of multi-core SMP chips with non-uniform memory hierarchies, and interconnected in horizontally scalable cluster configurations such as blade servers. Unlike previous generations of hardware evolution, this shift will have a major impact on existing software. Current OO language facilities for concurrent and distributed programming are inadequate for addressing the needs of NUCC systems because they do not support the notions of non-uniform data access within a node, or of tight coupling of distributed nodes. We have designed a modern object-oriented programming language, X10, for high performance, high productivity programming of NUCC systems. A member of the partitioned global address space family of languages, X10 highlights the explicit reification of locality in the form of places;lightweight activities embodied in async, future, foreach, and ateach constructs;a construct for termination detection (finish);the use of lock-free synchronization (atomic blocks);and the manipulation of cluster-wide global data structures. We present an overview of the X10 programming model and language, experience with our reference implementation, and results from some initial productivity comparisons between the X10 and JAVA™ languages. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： object oriented programming

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GOOAL: An Educational object oriented Analysis Laboratory

GOOAL: An Educational Object Oriented Analysis Laboratory

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Pérez-González, H.G. Kalita, Jugal K. Núñez Varela, Alberto Salvador Wiener, Richard S. Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autánoma de San Luis Potosí Mexico Dept. of Computer Science University of Colorado at Colo. Springs Co United States

Our goal is to enable rapid production of static and dynamic object models from natural language description of problems. Rapid modeling is achieved through automation of analysis tasks. This automation captures the cognitive schemes analysts use to build their models of the world through the use of a precise methodology. The methodology is based on the use of proposed technique called role posets, and a semi-natural language (called 4W). First versions of this tool were used as prototypes to produce early design artifacts for very small (toy) problems. Current version has been successfully used as an educational tool in object oriented software engineering courses. We present the tool with its new complete features and results of its application in learning process. Original problem statements are automatically translated to 4W language. The produced sentences then, are analyzed with role posets to produce static model views. Finally the 4W sentences are used to generate dynamic views of the problem. This set of methods maximizes analysis process agility, promotes reusability and constitutes a valuable tool in the learning process of object thinking. The prototype tool: GOOAL (Graphic object oriented Analysis Laboratory) receives a natural language (NL) description of a problem and produces the object models taking decisions sentence by sentence. The user realizes the consequences of the analysis of every sentence in real time. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Set theory

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Arithmetic with measurements on dynamically-typed object-oriented languages

Arithmetic with measurements on dynamically-typed object-ori...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Wilkinson, Hernán Prieto, Máximo Romeo, Luciano Mercap Development Manager Tacuari 202 7mo Piso Buenos AiresC1071AAF Argentina cc11 La Plata1900 Argentina Mercap Software Architect Tacuari 202 7mo Piso Buenos AiresC1071AAF Argentina

In physics, like in other sciences, formulas are specified using explicit measurements, that is, a number with its unit. The first step to determine the validity of a physics formula's evaluation is to verify that the unit of the result corresponds with the prospective unit. In software development, physics, financial and other sciences formulas are programmed using mathematical expressions based only on numbers, being the units of these numbers implicitly given by the semantics of the program or assumed by the programmer's knowledge. Consequently, it is common that errors result from operating with values expressed in different units, e.g., dividing a quantity of years by a quantity of months, without obtaining any type of indication or objection to this error from the system. In this report, we discuss our experience designing and implementing a model that solves this problem reifying the concept of measurement, unit and their arithmetic. Our model relieves the programmer from the arduous task of verifying the validity of the arithmetic expressions regarding units, delegating that responsibility to the system, thereby, diminishing the errors introduced by the incorrect use of values expressed in different units. We also show that having implemented this model with a dynamically typed language simplified its programming and increased its reusability. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Errors

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DOSC: Dispersed Operating System Computing

DOSC: Dispersed Operating System Computing

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Karne, Ramesh K. Jaganathan, Karthick V. Rosa, Nelson Ahmed, Tufail Towson University United States Dartmouth College United States

Over the past decade the sheer size and complexity of traditional operating systems have prompted a wave of new approaches to help alleviate the services provided by these operating systems. The emergence of micro-kernels and a plethora of non-traditional operating system models, both geared toward reducing the role of the OS, attest to the promise of practical alternatives. The problem with these methods is that the three-tiered system of software, operating system, and hardware is still preserved. Even though the operating system might find some reprieve by having to handle less work there is a nascent notion being triggered by these alternative approaches that the operating system as an abstract entity is no longer a necessity. We propose a radical method of computing where we take this notion to the extreme and push the operating system into the software and hardware levels. By doing so, we create a decentralized operating system environment known as Dispersed Operating System Computing (DOSC). We outline how the Dispersed Operating System paradigm works, its benefits, and immediate practical applications in today's world. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： object oriented programming

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"Honey, I Shrunk the Types": How Behavioral Types loose relevance on the edges on 00 applications and why a core Data fabric is useful for adaptability

"Honey, I Shrunk the Types": How Behavioral Types loose rele...

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oopsla'05 - 20th Annual ACM conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Kuriakose, John Set Labs Infosys Technologies Pune India

OO Programs are built by first defining User Types within the language environment and then realizing program requirements by using the behavior defined by these *** argue against defining types to deal with every *** Programs within an enterprise have to deal with the non-OO world that includes RDBMS, other applications, and humans etc. On these EDGES that OO programs interact with the non-OO world we have observed that there is little respect for Types and behavior while the requirement and expectation is most often data. If this is true, then OO application developers will repeatedly have to extract data to and from objects defined by Types to support the pure data interface that the non OO world *** this paper we attempt to highlight some benefits we have realized by equipping an OO Application (Banking Middleware in Java) with a core representation for data which we refer to as the 'data fabric'. We further show that seemingly unrelated problems in database persistence, data-binding, message data transformation and metadata management that appear within an Enterprise context can now be addressed well within the data fabric. The Data fabric is itself realized using reflective uniform data API defined using a few key data *** then reopens the case for OO developers to enhance their effectiveness with generic Data Models and principles of Data Driven programming. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Middleware

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