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Toward Generalist Anomaly Detection via In-context Residual Learning with Few-shot Sample Prompts

Toward Generalist Anomaly Detection via In-context Residual ...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhu, Jiawen Pang, Guansong Singapore Management Univ Sch Comp & Informat Syst Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

This paper explores the problem of Generalist Anomaly Detection (GAD), aiming to train one single detection model that can generalize to detect anomalies in diverse datasets from different application domains without any further training on the target data. Some recent studies have showed that large pre-trained Visual-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have strong generalization capabilities on detecting industrial defects from various datasets, but their methods rely heavily on handcrafted text prompts about defects, making them difficult to generalize to anomalies in other applications, e.g., medical image anomalies or semantic anomalies in natural images. In this work, we propose to train a GAD model with few-shot normal images as sample prompts for AD on diverse datasets on the fly. To this end, we introduce a novel approach that learns an in-context residual learning model for GAD, termed InCTRL. It is trained on an auxiliary dataset to discriminate anomalies from normal samples based on a holistic evaluation of the residuals between query images and few-shot normal sample prompts. Regardless of the datasets, per definition of anomaly, larger residuals are expected for anomalies than normal samples, thereby enabling InCTRL to generalize across different domains without further training. Comprehensive experiments on nine AD datasets are performed to establish a GAD benchmark that encapsulate the detection of industrial defect anomalies, medical anomalies, and semantic anomalies in both one-vs-all and multi-class setting, on which InCTRL is the best performer and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art competing methods. Code is available at https://***/mala-lab/InCTRL.

关键词： Anomaly Detection Few-shot Anomaly Detection Generalist Anomaly Detection vision Language Model

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Modeling Collaborator: Enabling Subjective vision Classification With Minimal Human Effort via LLM Tool-Use

Modeling Collaborator: Enabling Subjective Vision Classifica...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Toubal, Imad Eddine Avinash, Aditya Alldrin, Neil Gordon Dlabal, Jan Zhou, Wenlei Luo, Enming Stretcu, Otilia Xiong, Hao Lu, Chun-Ta Zhou, Howard Krishna, Ranjay Fuxman, Ariel Duerig, Tom Google Res Mountain View CA 94043 USA Univ Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Univ Washington Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

From content moderation to wildlife conservation, the number of applications that require models to recognize nuanced or subjective visual concepts is growing. Traditionally, developing classifiers for such concepts requires substantial manual effort measured in hours, days, or even months to identify and annotate data needed for training. Even with recently proposed Agile Modeling techniques, which enable rapid bootstrapping of image classifiers, users are still required to spend 30 minutes or more of monotonous, repetitive data labeling just to train a single classifier. Drawing on Fiske's Cognitive Miser theory, we propose a new framework that alleviates manual effort by replacing human labeling with natural language interactions, reducing the total effort required to define a concept by an order of magnitude: from labeling 2,000 images to only 100 plus some natural language interactions. Our framework leverages recent advances in foundation models, both large language models and vision-language models, to carve out the concept space through conversation and by automatically labeling training data points. Most importantly, our framework eliminates the need for crowd-sourced annotations. Moreover, our framework ultimately produces lightweight classification models that are deployable in cost-sensitive scenarios. Across 15 subjective concepts and across 2 public image classification datasets, our trained models outperform traditional Agile Modeling as well as state-of-the-art zero-shot classification models like ALIGN, CLIP, CuPL, and large visual question answering models like PaLI-X.

关键词： agile modeling large language model subjective classification tool-use vision language model

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GeoChat : Grounded Large vision-Language Model for Remote Sensing

GeoChat : Grounded Large Vision-Language Model for Remote Se...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kuckreja, Kartik Danish, Muhammad Sohail Naseer, Muzammal Das, Abhijit Khan, Salman Khan, Fahad Shahbaz Mohamed bin Zayed Univ AI Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates Birla Inst Technol & Sci Hyderabad India Australian Natl Univ Canberra ACT Australia Linkoping Univ Linkoping Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Recent advancements in Large vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown great promise in natural image domains, allowing users to hold a dialogue about given visual content. However, such general-domain VLMs perform poorly for Remote Sensing (RS) scenarios, leading to inaccurate or fabricated information when presented with RS domain-specific queries. Such a behavior emerges due to the unique challenges introduced by RS imagery. For example, to handle high-resolution RS imagery with diverse scale changes across categories and many small objects, region-level reasoning is necessary alongside holistic scene interpretation. Furthermore, the lack of domain-specific multimodal instruction following data as well as strong backbone models for RS make it hard for the models to align their behavior with user queries. To address these limitations, we propose GeoChat - the first versatile remote sensing VLM that offers multitask conversational capabilities with high-resolution RS images. Specifically, GeoChat can not only answer image-level queries but also accepts region inputs to hold region-specific dialogue. Furthermore, it can visually ground objects in its responses by referring to their spatial coordinates. To address the lack of domain-specific datasets, we generate a novel RS multi-modal instruction-following dataset by extending image-text pairs from existing diverse RS datasets. We establish a comprehensive benchmark for RS multitask conversations and compare with a number of baseline methods. GeoChat demonstrates robust zero-shot performance on various RS tasks, e.g., image and region captioning, visual question answering, scene classification, visually grounded conversations and referring detection. Our code is available here.

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Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo-Realistic Image Restoration In the Wild

Scaling Up to Excellence: Practicing Model Scaling for Photo...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yu, Fanghua Gu, Jinjin Li, Zheyuan Liu, Jinfan Kong, Xiangtao Wang, Xintao He, Jingwen Qiao, Yu Dong, Chao Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Shenzhen Peoples R China Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Hong Kong Peoples R China Tencent PCG ARC Lab Hangzhou Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

We introduce SUPIR (Scaling-UP Image Restoration), a groundbreaking image restoration method that harnesses generative prior and the power of model scaling up. Leveraging multi-modal techniques and advanced generative prior, SUPIR marks a significant advance in intelligent and realistic image restoration. As a pivotal catalyst within SUPIR, model scaling dramatically enhances its capabilities and demonstrates new potential for image restoration. We collect a dataset comprising 20 million high-resolution, high-quality images for model training, each enriched with descriptive text annotations. SUPIR provides the capability to restore images guided by textual prompts, broadening its application scope and potential. Moreover, we introduce negative-quality prompts to further improve perceptual quality. We also develop a restoration-guided sampling method to suppress the fidelity issue encountered in generative-based restoration. Experiments demonstrate SUPIR's exceptional restoration effects and its novel capacity to manipulate restoration through textual prompts.

关键词： Blind Image Restoration Diffusion Models Low-level vision

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CityDreamer: Compositional Generative Model of Unbounded 3D Cities

CityDreamer: Compositional Generative Model of Unbounded 3D ...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xie, Haozhe Chen, Zhaoxi Hong, Fangzhou Liu, Ziwei Nanyang Technol Univ S Lab Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

3D city generation is a desirable yet challenging task, since humans are more sensitive to structural distortions in urban environments. Additionally, generating 3D cities is more complex than 3D natural scenes since buildings, as objects of the same class, exhibit a wider range of appearances compared to the relatively consistent appearance of objects like trees in natural scenes. To address these challenges, we propose CityDreamer, a compositional generative model designed specifically for unbounded 3D cities. Our key insight is that 3D city generation should be a composition of different types of neural fields: 1) various building instances, and 2) background stuff, such as roads and green lands. Specifically, we adopt the bird's eye view scene representation and employ a volumetric render for both instance-oriented and stuff-oriented neural fields. The generative hash grid and periodic positional embedding are tailored as scene parameterization to suit the distinct characteristics of building instances and background stuff. Furthermore, we contribute a suite of CityGen Datasets, including OSM and GoogleEarth, which comprises a vast amount of real-world city imagery to enhance the realism of the generated 3D cities both in their layouts and appearances. CityDreamer achieves state-of-the-art performance not only in generating realistic 3D cities but also in localized editing within the generated cities.

关键词： 3D vision AIGC City Generation Scene Generation

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DUSt3R: Geometric 3D vision Made Easy

DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easy

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wang, Shuzhe Leroyt, Vincent Cabon, Yohann Chidlovskii, Boris Revaud, Jerome Aalto Univ Espoo Finland Naver Labs Europe Meylan France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Multi-view stereo reconstruction (MVS) in the wild re-quires to first estimate the camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. These are usually tedious and cumbersome to obtain, yet they are mandatory to triangulate corresponding pixels in 3D space, which is at the core of all best performing MVS algorithms. In this work, we take an opposite stance and introduce DUSt3R, a radically novel paradigm for Dense and Unconstrained Stereo 3D Reconstruction of arbitrary image collections, operating without prior information about camera calibration nor viewpoint poses. We cast the pairwise reconstruction problem as a regression of pointmaps, relaxing the hard constraints of usual projective camera models. We show that this formulation smoothly unifies the monocular and binocular reconstruction cases. In the case where more than two images are provided, we further propose a simple yet effective global alignment strategy that expresses all pairwise pointmaps in a common reference frame. We base our network architecture on standard Transformer encoders and decoders, allowing us to leverage powerful pretrained models. Our formulation directly provides a 3D model of the scene as well as depth information, but interestingly, we can seamlessly recover from it, pixel matches, focal lengths, relative and absolute cameras. Extensive experiments on all these tasks showcase how DUSt3R effectively unifies various 3D vision tasks, setting new performance records on monocular & multi-view depth estimation as well as relative pose estimation. In summary, DUSt3R makes many geometric 3D vision tasks easy. Code and mod-els at https://***/naver/dust3r.

关键词： 3D reconstruction camera calibration foundation model monocular depth multi-view depth multi-view pose estimation visual localization

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EvDiG: Event-guided Direct and Global Components Separation

EvDiG: Event-guided Direct and Global Components Separation

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhou, Xinyu Duan, Peiqi Li, Boyu Zhou, Chu Xu, Chao Shi, Boxin Peking Univ Sch Intelligence Sci & Technol Natl Key Lab Gen AI Beijing Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Comp Sci Natl Key Lab Multimedia Informat Proc Beijing Peoples R China Peking Univ Sch Comp Sci Natl Engn Res Ctr Visual Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Separating the direct and global components of a scene aids in shape recovery and basic material understanding. Conventional methods capture multiple frames under high frequency illumination patterns or shadows, requiring the scene to keep stationary during the image acquisition process. Single-frame methods simplify the capture procedure but yield lower-quality separation results. In this paper, we leverage the event camera to facilitate the separation of direct and global components, enabling video-rate separation of high quality. In detail, we adopt an event camera to record rapid illumination changes caused by the shadow of a line occluder sweeping over the scene, and reconstruct the coarse separation results through event accumulation. We then design a network to resolve the noise in the coarse separation results and restore color information. A real-world dataset is collected using a hybrid camera system for network training and evaluation. Experimental results show superior performance over state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： direct-global separation event-guided vision

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Equivariant Multi-Modality Image Fusion

Equivariant Multi-Modality Image Fusion

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhao, Zixiang Hai, Haowen Zhang, Jiangshe Zhang, Yulun Zhane, Kai Xu, Shuang Chen, Dongdong Timofte, Radu Van Gool, Luc Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Xian Peoples R China Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Nanjing Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Xian Peoples R China Heriot Watt Univ Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Univ Wurzburg Wurzburg Germany INSAIT Sofia Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Multi-modality image fusion is a technique that combines information from different sensors or modalities, enabling the fused image to retain complementary features from each modality, such as functional highlights and texture details. However, effective training of such fusion models is challenging due to the scarcity of ground truth fusion data. To tackle this issue, we propose the Equivariant Multi-Modality imAge fusion (EMMA) paradigm for end-to-end self-supervised learning. Our approach is rooted in the prior knowledge that natural imaging responses are equivariant to certain transformations. Consequently, we introduce a novel training paradigm that encompasses a fusion module, a pseudo-sensing module, and an equivariant fusion module. These components enable the net training to follow the principles of the natural sensing-imaging process while satisfying the equivariant imaging prior. Extensive experiments confirm that EMMA yields high-quality fusion results for infraredvisible and medical images, concurrently facilitating downstream multi-modal segmentation and detection tasks. The code is available at https://***/Zhaozixiang1228/MMIF-EMMA.

关键词： image fusion low-level vision

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Composing Object Relations and Attributes for Image-Text Matching

Composing Object Relations and Attributes for Image-Text Mat...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Pham, Khoi Huynh, Chuong Lim, Ser-Nam Shrivastava, Abhinav Univ Maryland College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Cent Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

We study the visual semantic embedding problem for image-text matching. Most existing work utilizes a tailored cross-attention mechanism to perform local alignment across the two image and text modalities. This is computationally expensive, even though it is more powerful than the unimodal dual-encoder approach. This work introduces a dual-encoder image-text matching model, leveraging a scene graph to represent captions with nodes for objects and attributes interconnected by relational edges. Utilizing a graph attention network, our model efficiently encodes object-attribute and object-object semantic relations, resulting in a robust and fast-performing system. Representing caption as a scene graph offers the ability to utilize the strong relational inductive bias of graph neural networks to learn object-attribute and object-object relations effectively. To train the model, we propose losses that align the image and caption both at the holistic level ( image-caption) and the local level (image-object entity), which we show is key to the success of the model. Our model is termed Composition model for Object Relations and Attributes, CORA. Experimental results on two prominent image-text retrieval benchmarks, Flickr30K and MS-COCO, demonstrate that CORA outperforms existing state-of-the-art computationally expensive cross-attention methods regarding recall score while achieving fast computation speed of the dual encoder. Our code is available at https://***/vkhoi/cora_cvpr24

关键词： image retrieval image-text matching vision-language

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MM-Narrator: Narrating Long-form Videos with Multimodal In-Context Learning

MM-Narrator: Narrating Long-form Videos with Multimodal In-C...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zh, Chaoyi Lin, Kevin Yang, Zhengyuan Wang, Jianfeng Li, Linjie Lin, Chung-Ching Liu, Zicheng Wang, Lijuan Univ Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Microsoft Corp Redmond WA 98052 USA Adv Micro Devices Inc Santa Clara CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

We present MM-Narrator, a novel system leveraging GPT-4 with multimodal in-context learning for the generation of audio descriptions (AD). Unlike previous methods that primarily focused on downstream fine-tuning with short video clips, MM-Narrator excels in generating precise audio descriptions for videos of extensive lengths, even beyond hours, in an autoregressive manner. This capability is made possible by the proposed memory-augmented generation process, which effectively utilizes both the short-term textual context and long-term visual memory through an efficient register-and-recall mechanism. These contextual memories compile pertinent past information, including storylines and character identities, ensuring an accurate tracking and depicting of story-coherent and character-centric audio descriptions. Maintaining the training-free design of MM-Narrator, we further propose a complexity-based demonstration selection strategy to largely enhance its multi-step reasoning capability via few-shot multimodal in-context learning (MM-ICL). Experimental results on MAD-eval dataset demonstrate that MM-Narrator consistently outperforms both the existing fine-tuning-based approaches and LLM-based approaches in most scenarios, as measured by standard evaluation metrics. Additionally, we introduce the first segment-based evaluator for recurrent text generation. Empowered by GPT-4, this evaluator comprehensively reasons and marks AD generation performance in various extendable dimensions.

关键词： audio description in-context learning LLM multimodal retrieval-augmented generation video understanding vision-and-language

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