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检索条件"任意字段=19th Conference on Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering"

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Segmented illumination lenses for steplighting and wall-washing

Segmented illumination lenses for steplighting and wall-wash...

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8th conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Parkyn, WA Teledyne Lighting and Display Products Inc. (United States)

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

Many illumination situations involve a flat surface and an oblique luminaire placement. Today's commercially available luminaires give very uneven illumination here. A novel injection-moldable segmented lens is presented that will uniformly illuminate a rectangular zone, such as a stair-step or a picture on a wall. Its design is a development of prior methods(1) of lens-surface generation that derived the array of surface normal vectors required to match a source with a particular illumination prescription. this matching is done via grids on the unit sphere: one for the source and one for the prescription. the cells of these two grids are sized so that they have the same flux of lumens, according to the source intensity and the prescribed illumination, respectively. the first development is the use of an equi-flux polar grid for the target rectangle, because most light sources have circular symmetry. the second development is the radial segmentation of the lens surface in order to approximate the non-irrotational array of surface normal vectors derived from the two grids. designs are presented for step-lighting by LEDs and fiber-optic billboard lighting.

关键词： Light emitting diodes lenses Light sources and illumination optical spheres lens design Fiber optics Optics manufacturing Reflectors Light sources Refractive index

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Comparison between the Arclight Ophthalmoscope and a Standard handheld Direct Ophthalmoscope: a Clinical study 19

Comparison between the Arclight Ophthalmoscope and a Standar...

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19th conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering

作者： Parthasarathy, Mohana Kuppuswamy Faruq, Ibrahim Arthurs, Eugene Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan Univ Waterloo Sch Optometry & Vis Sci Waterloo ON Canada Costco Opt Waterloo ON Canada SPIE Bellingham WA USA Univ Waterloo Dept Phys Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Dept ECE Waterloo ON Canada Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781510620629

ISBN: (纸本)9781510620629

the direct ophthalmoscope, a handheld device gives a highly magnified image of the retina. However, the sustainability of power source and cost are a limitation considering the usage demand. We compared a low-cost solar-powered Arclight ophthalmoscope with a standard ophthalmoscope Heine K180 in terms of ease of examination, usage, field of view, color rendition and patient comfort. Two clinically trained optometrists examined 28 patients and graded the ease of retinal examination, ease of use and assessed cup-disc ratio, which is an important diagnostic parameter for glaucoma, patient comfort and length of examination (scale 1-4). the examiners had good agreement for all assessments. Of a total of 78 examinations, only 8(10.3%) did not result in cup-disc ratio measurement in the undilated pupil condition using both devices. Ease of use was scored higher for Arclight than Heine but this was not statistically significant. In conditions like large discs, the Arclight resulted in easier examinations due to its larger field of view. Color rendition was better with the Heine device. In undilated pupils, the patients often reported that there was significant glare with Heine, however, post-dilation, they reported more glare with Arclight compared to Heine (73% versus 55%). the performance of Arclight was comparable to that of Heine and can be considered a low-cost alternative to the standard direct ophthalmoscope especially in large-scale patient examinations in developing countries where cost might be a factor.

关键词： Direct Ophthalmoscope Retina ophthalmology cup to disc ratio Arclight ophthalmoscope Heine ophthalmoscope solar powered ophthalmoscope

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All-plastic optical design for NIR region

All-plastic optical design for NIR region

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8th conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Ivanov, CD Nikolov, ID Univ Sofia Opt & Spect Dept BG-1126 Sofia Bulgaria

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

A number of optical plastic materials are examined. the indices of refraction are measured in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions from 435.8 nm to 1052 mn. Some obtained data and Abbe constants are presented. the glass libraries of the optical design software packages are updated. the spherochromatic aberration balancing is analyzed during the all-plastic doublet and tripler synthesis for a working wavelengths interval from 600 nm to 900 nm. Two achromatic triplets are designed intended for NIR region. three all-plastic 3X magnifiers are developed for NV goggles. the optical configurations are given. the aberration corrections are evaluated. the obtained optical performance is illustrated. Some conclusions for the trends in all-plastic optical design are drawn.

关键词： optical plastics index measurements lens design achromatization NIR magnifiers NV goggles

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Locating the local minima in lens design with machine learning 22

Locating the local minima in lens design with machine learni...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XXII

作者： Kononova, Anna, V Shir, Ofer M. Tukker, Teus Frisco, Pierluigi Zeng, Shutong Back, thomas Leiden Univ LIACS Leiden Netherlands Tel Hai Coll Comp Sci Dept Upper Galilee Israel Migal Inst Upper Galilee Israel ASML BV Veldhoven Netherlands

ISBN: (数字)9781510644670

ISBN: (纸本)9781510644670

We applied an extended version of the Niching-CMA-ES heuristic to search for local minima of the Cooke triplet, a renowned photographic lens design, of which 21 local minima were already known. the considered problem is defined by 6 input (decision) variables, namely the curvatures of the three lenses present in the Cooke triplet, and is driven by a single objective function, that is the RMS spot size. the applied approach found: (i) 19 out of the 21 known minima in a single run;(ii) 540 new local minima with objective values lower/equal to those of the known 21 minima;(iii) a large number of infeasible designs.

关键词： Cooke triplet local minima niching evolution strategy machine learning multimodal search landscapes

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Effects and prediction of stray light produced by diffractive lenses

Effects and prediction of stray light produced by diffractiv...

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8th conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： thibault, S Renaud, N Wang, M INO Opt Engn Grp St Foy PQ G1P 4N8 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

Correlation between computational models and corresponding experimental data of stray light produced by unwanted diffraction orders of diffractive lenses is described. It is shown that the attractive scaler model under Fresnel approximation does not agree with experimental data. the validity of Fresnel approximation for multi-order focusing optics is derived to explain the limitation of the scaler approach. Geometrical models with both coherent and incoherent summation of each diffractive orders coupled with efficiency estimation is used with success. the model takes into account the local diffraction efficiency and also of the number of diffractive orders supported locally by the structure. this geometrical optics model can be used in standard optical design software. therefore it may be recommended as an additional tool for stray light analysis at the design stage of hybrid refractive/diffractive optical systems. In a second part, the impact of unwanted diffraction orders when diffractive optics is used in visible imaging systems is discussed. Several experimental observations about the use of plastic refractive/diffractive lens in relation to different fabrication process used to build the lens are also discussed. From those observations, we recommend an approach to reduce the stray light produced by the diffractive lens. In conclusion, a serious stray light analysis is mandatory in the design of visible imaging systems using diffractive lenses.

关键词： stray light diffractive optical element imaging optical design

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Fast robust non-sequential optical ray-tracing with implicit algebraic surfaces 16

Fast robust non-sequential optical ray-tracing with implicit...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XVI

作者： Greynolds, Alan W. 10741 E Placita Metate Tucson AZ 85749 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628417449

the fastest, most robust, general technique for non-sequentially ray-tracing a large class of imaging and non-imaging optical systems is by geometric modeling with algebraic (i.e. polynomial) implicit surfaces. the basic theory of these surfaces with special attention to optimizing their precise intersection with a ray (even at grazing incidence) is outlined for an admittedly limited software implementation. On a couple of "tame" examples, a 64-bit Windows 7 version is significantly faster than the fastest commercial design software (all multi-threaded). Non-sequential ray-surface interactions approaching 30M/sec are achieved on a 12-core 2.67 GHz Mac Pro desktop computer. For a more exotic example of a 6th degree Wood's horn beam dump (light trap), a 32-bit Windows single thread version traces rays nearly 4 times faster than the commercial ASAP software's implicit algebraic surface and over 13 times faster than its equivalent NURBS surface. However, implicit surfaces are foreign to most CAD systems and thus unfortunately, don't easily fit into a modern workflow.

关键词： Ray tracing software surface modeling

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Correctly making panoramic imagery and the meaning of optical center

Correctly making panoramic imagery and the meaning of optica...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering IX

作者： Johnson, R. Barry Alabama A&M Univ Dept Phys Normal AL 35762 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819472809

the production and viewing of panoramic scenes have fascinated people for over a millennium beginning with the camera obscura. With the advent of photography in the mid-1800s, techniques were developed to create panoramic scenes far larger than could be realized by a single camera. Making a panoramic scene from two or more images taken using a film camera was found to be challenging. Various advanced techniques for making panoramic images were developed during the 20(th) century and required specialized cameras and film processing. In recent years, digital cameras and powerful software programs have become readily available to aid in making panoramic imagery although often strange artifacts appears in the composite image. this is generally due to improperly locating the rotation axis of the camera. Interestingly, there is significant argument about where the axis of rotation should be for making proper panoramic imagery. the most common "answer" is the rotation axis should be about the second or rear nodal point, which will be shown in this paper to be incorrect. A second "answer" is to rotate the camera about its optical center. this is also incorrect;however, what actually constitutes the optical center of a lens and its applications will be briefly discussed. Examples of correctly and incorrectly produced panoramic image will be presented.

关键词： optical center cardinal points nodal imaging panoramic panorama Gauss Listing nodal planes

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design of a day/night star camera system

Design of a day/night star camera system

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8th conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Alexander, CD Swift, W Ghosh, K Ramsey, B NASA George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr Dept Space Sci Huntsville AL 35812 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

this paper describes the design of a camera system capable of acquiring stars during both the day and night cycles of a high altitude balloon flight (35-42 km). the camera system will be filtered to operate in the R and I bands (similar to 600-1000nm), and simulations have been run using MODTRAN atmospheric code to determine the worse case sky brightness at 35km. With a worse case daytime sky brightness of 2x10(-5) W/cm(2)/sr/mu m at 600nm, the sensitivity of the camera system will allow acquisition of at least 1-2 stars/degrees(2) at star magnitude limits of 7.8-8.1. the system will have an F2.8, 64.3mm diameter lens and a 1340 x 1037 CCD digitized to 12 bits. the CCD is comprised of 6.8 mu m x 6.8 mu m pixels with a well depth of 45,000 electrons and quantum efficiency of 0.54 at 700nm. the camera's field-of-view will be 6.33 degrees(2) and provide attitude knowledge to 8 arcsec or better. A test flight of the system is scheduled for fall 1999.

关键词： star camera aspect system stratospheric balloon flights daytime star camera R band

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Flat liquid crystal diffractive lenses with variable focus and magnification

Flat liquid crystal diffractive lenses with variable focus a...

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conference on current developments in lens design and optical engineering XI - and Advances in thin Film Coatings VI

作者： Valley, Pouria Dodge, Mohammad Reza Schwiegerling, Jim Mathine, David Peyman, Gholam Peyghambarian, N. Univ Arizona Coll Opt Sci Tucson AZ 85721 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819482822

Non-mechanical variable lenses are important for creating compact imaging devices. Various methods employing dielectrically actuated lenses, membrane lenses, and/or liquid crystal lenses were previously proposed(1-4). Here we present tunable-focus flat liquid crystal diffractive lenses (LCDL) employing binary Fresnel zone electrodes fabricated on Indium-Tin-Oxide using conventional micro-photolithography. the phase levels can be adjusted by varying the effective refractive index of a nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between the electrodes and a reference substrate. Using a proper voltage distribution across various electrodes the focal length can be changed. Electrodes are shunted such that the correct phase retardation step sequence is achieved. If the number of 2 pi zone boundaries is increased by a factor of m the focal length is changed from f to f/m based on the digitized Fresnel zone equation: f = r(m)(2)/2m lambda, where r(m) is m(th) zone radius, and lambda is the wavelength. the lenses operate at very low voltage levels (+/- 2.5V ac input), exhibit fast switching times (20-150 ms), can have large apertures (> 10 mm), and small form factor, and are robust and insensitive to vibrations, gravity, and capillary effects that limit membrane and dielectrically actuated lenses. Several tests were performed on the LCDL including diffraction efficiency measurement, switching dynamics, and hybrid imaging with a refractive lens. Negative focal lengths are achieved by adjusting the voltages across electrodes. Using these lenses in combination, magnification can be changed and zoom lenses can be formed. the promising results make LCDL a good candidate for non-mechanical auto-focus and zoom lenses.

关键词： Diffractive lenses Liquid-crystal devices Active or adaptive optics Non-mechanical optical zoom Auto-focus Telescopes

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optical microscope for nuclear emulsion readout -: system design and results in application

Optical microscope for nuclear emulsion readout -: system de...

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8th conference on current developments in optical design and optical engineering

作者： Winkler, K Körner, L Gussek, P Balogh, I Breitfelder, S Schlichting, J Dupraz, JP Fabre, JP Panman, J Papadopoulos, IM Zucchelli, P Van de Vyver, B Syst GmbH Opt JENOPTIK Laser Jena Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819432652

Experiments such as CHORUS at CERN require the inspection of a large amount of nuclear emulsion plates exposed to particle beams. Rare events need to be found, measured and analysed. their features are stored as grains in microscopic dimensions in a three-dimensional stack of plates. A new, fully automatic immersion microscope system was developed for this purpose. It features high resolution, small depth of focus, large working distance, large field of view and synchronization of illumination and detector. An additional requirement is given by variations in the refraction index and in the relative thickness of immersion oil and emulsion. the approach used here is an imaging system based on a vario objective lens (variable oil immersion) with extreme numerical aperture, large working distance and wide field, combined with a matched high-aperture Koehler illuminator. the light source is a mercury are lamp, combined with a filter package for the g-line. It includes liquid crystal elements for synchronized shuttering and variable attenuation. the theoretical resolution is less than 1 micron in x, y, z within a volume of 0.5mm diameter (x, y) times 1 mm scanning depth (z) in all situations within a predefined index range (1.49 to 1.54). three identical pieces of the system have been built. the experimentally measured resolution confirms the expectations and is better than 1 micron in all three dimensions. this is the result of a complex process of system design and manufacturing, unifying optical, opto-mechanical and optoelectronical contributions. this process spans from the early stages of feasibility and manufacturing up to the test and adjustment procedures. the three prototypes are operational since the fall of 1998 in the frame of the CHORUS project. Practical experience and application results are presented.

关键词： optical microscopy oil immersion nuclear emulsion readout variable immersion systems design

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