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Computer Graphics (ACM) 1992年第2期26卷 341-349页

作者： Strauss, Paul S. Carey, Rikk Silicon Graphics Computer Systems Mountain View United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897914791

this paper presents an object-oriented toolkit for developers of interactive 3D graphics applications. the primary goal of the toolkit is to make it easier for programmers to create 3D graphics applications that employ direct manipulation techniques in addition to conventional 2D-widgets. Such techniques have generally been ignored in previous graphics packages and systems. the tookit provides a general and extensible framework for representing 3D scenes so that applications can integrate their date with graphical objects rather than having duplicate copies. A simple, integrated event model that enables direct interaction with 3D objects is also included.

关键词： Computer programming

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Conflict-Aware Optimal Scheduling of Code Clone Refactoring: A Constraint programming Approach

Conflict-Aware Optimal Scheduling of Code Clone Refactoring:...

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IEEE Workshop on Program Comprehension

作者： Minhaz F. Zibran Chanchal K. Roy Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SAS Canada

Duplicated code, also known as code clones, are one of the malicious `code smells' that often need to be removed through refactoring for enhancing maintainability. Among all the potential refactoring opportunities, the choice and order of a set of refactoring activities may have distinguishable effect on the design/code quality. Moreover, there may be dependencies and conflicts among those refactorings. the organization may also impose priorities on certain refactoring activities. Addressing all these conflicts, priorities, and dependencies, manual formulation of an optimal refactoring schedule is very expensive, if not impossible. therefore, an automated refactoring scheduler is necessary, which will maximize benefit and minimize refactoring effort. In this paper, we present a refactoring effort model, and propose a constraint programming approach for conflict-aware optimal scheduling of code clone refactoring.

关键词： Cloning Measurement object oriented modeling Schedules programming Mathematical model Equations

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From Model-Driven Development to Model-Driven Engineering

From Model-Driven Development to Model-Driven Engineering

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Euromicro conference on Real-Time Systems

作者： Bran Selic IBM Canada

Summary form only given. the adoption of model-driven methods for software development is rapidly gaining momentum, stimulated greatly by the emergence of new modeling language standards and corresponding tools. the ability of models to highlight the important aspects of a system while abstracting away the irrelevant bits provides a very effective means of coping with the often overwhelming complexity of modern software systems. However, model-driven development (MDD) is still deemed inappropriate for real-time and embedded software by many practitioners even though the complexity of their systems often exceeds that encountered in other domains.

关键词： Model driven engineering object oriented modeling Real time systems Aerospace industry programming Software standards Standards development Modems Software systems Embedded software

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COMPASS: tool-supported adaptation of interactions

COMPASS: tool-supported adaptation of interactions

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IEEE International conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： D. Heuzeroth Structures Group Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

this paper presents an aspect-oriented approach and tool to consistently exchange and adapt interactions among software units. this is done by first identifying components, their interactions and interaction patterns. Second, the identified interaction points of components are represented as aspect-oriented ports encapsulating the source elements related to the interaction. the interactions themselves are represented as first-class entities in the form of aspect-oriented connectors connecting the ports of components. these component, port and connector entities constitute an architectural model. third, the developer reconfigures and adapts interactions exchanging the port and connector entities. this triggers corresponding source code transformations realized as meta programs using the Recoder tool. this approach is implemented as the COMPASS (COM position with aspects) tool, that can currently analyze and transform Java source code based on the infrastructure provided by the Recoder framework. the approach and tool are successfully validated replacing a direct method call between a producer and a consumer component by communication via a buffer object

关键词： Connectors Java Electronic mail Software tools Joining processes programming Bridges Feature extraction Protocols Wrapping

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Partial evaluation for common intermediate language

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5th International Andrei Ershov Memorial conference on Perspectives of System Informatics, PSI 2003

作者： Chepovsky, Andrei M. Klimov, Andrei V. Klimov, Arkady V. Klimov, Yuri A. Mishchenko, Andrei S. Romanenko, Sergei A. Skorobogatov, Sergei Yu The CILPE Project Department of Mechanics and Mathematics Lomonosov Moscow State University Vorobjovy Gory Moscow119899 Russia Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics Russian Academy of Sciences 4 Miusskaya sq Moscow125047 Russia

ISBN: (纸本)3540208135

Partial Evaluation is a well-established method for specialization of programs in functional languages. However, real-world applications demand specialization of object-oriented languages. With the advent of the *** platform with Common Intermediate Language (CIL), to which multiple languages are compiled, various program analysis and transformation techniques, including partial evaluation, can be developed once for a low-level language rather than over and over again to various high-level languages. the CILPE Project aims at developing a practical specializer for CIL programs based on Partial Evaluation with preliminary analysis referred to as Binding Time Analysis (BTA). the CILPE Specializer partially evaluates operations on values and objects determined by BTA as static. Static objects are created, processed and destroyed at specialization time;they may be mutable and can have some fields unknown (dynamic). Arbitrary verifiable CIL code is allowed as input. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Scalable extensibility via nested inheritance 04

Scalable extensibility via nested inheritance

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Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Nathaniel Nystrom Stephen Chong Andrew C. Myers Cornell University

Inheritance is a useful mechanism for factoring and reusing code. However, it has limitations for building extensible systems. We describe nested inheritance, a mechanism that addresses some of the limitations of ordi... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138313

Inheritance is a useful mechanism for factoring and reusing code. However, it has limitations for building extensible systems. We describe nested inheritance, a mechanism that addresses some of the limitations of ordinary inheritance and other code reuse mechanisms. Using our experience with an extensible compiler framework, we show how nested inheritance can be used to construct highly extensible software frameworks. the essential aspects of nested inheritance are formalized in a simple object-oriented language with an operational semantics and type system. the type system of this language is sound, so no run-time type checking is required to implement it and no run-time type errors can occur. We describe our implementation of nested inheritance as an unobtrusive extension of the Java language, called Jx. Our prototype implementation translates Jx code to ordinary Java code, without duplicating inherited code.

关键词： virtual classes object-oriented programming languages nested classes inheritance

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Coordinated management of cascaded caches for efficient content distribution

Coordinated management of cascaded caches for efficient cont...

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International conference on Data Engineering

作者： Xueyan Tang S.T. Chanson Department of Computer Science Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay China

ISBN: (纸本)078037665X

Large-scale content delivery systems such as the Web often deploy multiple caches at different locations to reduce access latency and network traffic. these caches are usually organized in a cascaded fashion where requests not hitting a lower level cache are forwarded to a higher level cache. the performance of cascaded caching depends on how the cache contents are managed, including object placement and replacement schemes. We present a general analytical framework for coordinated management of cascaded caches. the object placement problem is formulated as an optimization problem and the optimal locations for caching objects are computed by a dynamic programming algorithm. Based on the framework, we propose a novel caching scheme that incorporates both object placement and replacement strategies. the proposed scheme makes caching decisions for the set of caches lying on the delivery path of a request in a coordinated fashion. Simulation experiments based on real traces from Web caches have been conducted under two different cascaded caching architectures: enroute caching and hierarchical caching. the results show that for both architectures, the proposed scheme significantly outperforms existing schemes that consider object placement or replacement at individual caches only.

关键词： Content management Network servers Routing Delay Large-scale systems Telecommunication traffic Service oriented architecture Computer science Electronic mail Dynamic programming

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Comparison of a Visual and a Textual Notation to Express Data Constraints in Aspect-oriented Join Point Selections: A Controlled Experiment

Comparison of a Visual and a Textual Notation to Express Dat...

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IEEE Workshop on Program Comprehension

作者： Dominik Stein Stefan Hanenberg Institute of Computer Science and Business Information Systems University of Duisburg-Essen Essen Germany

Many language constructs have been brought forth by research in aspect-oriented software development which permit a succinct and abstract specification of join point selections (aka pointcuts). these language constructs are believed to improve the comprehensibility of the point cuts in comparison to their manually implemented counterparts. the case of comprehensibility gets undecided, though, if two notations permit to specify join point selection constraints in a likewise succinct and abstract manner. this paper reports on a controlled experiment which compares two notations to specify point cuts, i.e. Trace matches and Join Point Designation Diagrams, with respect to their ability to facilitate the comprehension of data constraints in join point selections. Two comprehension tasks are investigated on a basis of 28 point cuts in a three-factorial within-subject design with 35 participants. the experiment results show that JPDDs improve over Trace matches in most cases.

关键词： object recognition Time factors programming Visualization Atmospheric measurements Particle measurements

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the DEVS formalism: hierarchical, modular systems specification in an object oriented framework 87

The DEVS formalism: hierarchical, modular systems specificat...

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Proceedings of the 19th conference on Winter simulation

作者： Tag Gon Kim Bernard P. Zeigler

ISBN: (纸本)9780911801323

this paper describes a realization of DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification) formalism in an object-oriented programming environment, SCOOPS of PC-Scheme. the realization, DEVS-Scheme, is a powerful environment combining simulation modelling with AT techniques, which supports hierarchical, modular specification of discrete event models. We will describe the taxonomical organization of classes in DEVS-Scheme in which kernel-models classes will be emphasized. As an example, we will illustrate specification of kernel models including broadcast models, hypercube models, and cellular models. Finally, implementation of isomorphism checks between pairs of models in DEVS-Scheme will be discussed. thus, DEVS-Scheme represents a significant step toward implementing system theoretic based formalisms and operations.

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Vertical profiling: understanding the behavior of object-priented applications 04

Vertical profiling: understanding the behavior of object-pri...

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Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Matthias Hauswirth Peter F. Sweeney Amer Diwan Michael Hind University of Colorado at Boulder IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138313

object-oriented programming languages provide a rich set of features that provide significant software engineering benefits. the increased productivity provided by these features comes at a justifiable cost in a more sophisticated runtime system whose responsibility is to implement these features efficiently. However, the virtualization introduced by this sophistication provides a significant challenge to understanding complete system performance, not found in traditionally compiled languages, such as C or C++. thus, understanding system performance of such a system requires profiling that spans all levels of the execution stack, such as the hardware, operating system, virtual machine, and *** this work, we suggest an approach, called vertical profiling, that enables this level of understanding. We illustrate the efficacy of this approach by providing deep understandings of performance problems of Java applications run on a VM with vertical profiling support. By incorporating vertical profiling into a programming environment, the programmer will be able to understand how their program interacts with the underlying abstraction levels, such as application server, VM, operating system, and hardware.

关键词： perturbation hardware performance monitors whole-system analysis vertical profiling software performance monitors

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