Architecting software-intensive systems can be a complex process. It deals withthe daunting tasks of unifying stakeholders' perspectives, designers' intellect, tool-based automation, pattern-driven reuse, and...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400700446
Architecting software-intensive systems can be a complex process. It deals withthe daunting tasks of unifying stakeholders' perspectives, designers' intellect, tool-based automation, pattern-driven reuse, and so on, to sketch a blueprint that guides software implementation and evaluation. Despite its benefits, architecture-centric softwareengineering (ACSE) suffers from a multitude of challenges. ACSE challenges could stem from a lack of standardized processes, socio-technical limitations, and scarcity of human expertise etc. that can impede the development of existing and emergent classes of software. software Development Bots (DevBots) trained on large language models can help synergise architects' knowledge with artificially intelligent decision support to enable rapid architecting in a human-bot collaborative ACSE. An emerging solution to enable this collaboration is ChatGPT, a disruptive technology not primarily introduced for softwareengineering, but is capable of articulating and refining architectural artifacts based on natural language processing. We detail a case study that involves collaboration between a novice software architect and ChatGPT to architect a service-based software. Future research focuses on harnessing empirical evidence about architects' productivity and explores socio-technical aspects of architecting with ChatGPT to tackle challenges of ACSE.
Future skills are becoming increasingly important. In our studies, the future skills for psychology, softwareengineering and healthcare are first recorded and characterized. A mixed methods research design is used fo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783031856488;9783031856495
Future skills are becoming increasingly important. In our studies, the future skills for psychology, softwareengineering and healthcare are first recorded and characterized. A mixed methods research design is used for this purpose. In parts, this was done earlier through surveys on future skills for softwareengineering and healthcare. Additionally, in this article, the future skills for psychology are surveyed systematically. To this end, three different groups of stakeholders are surveyed using an explorative study with a qualitative cross-sectional design: students of psychology, lecturers of psychology at universities, and practitioners. the data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. the findings on future skills are then compared across psychology, softwareengineering and healthcare, before conclusions are drawn for teaching and learning concepts in engineering education.
throughout 2021, GitGuardian's monitoring of public Github repositories revealed a two-fold increase in the number of secrets (database credentials, API keys, and other credentials) exposed compared to 2020, accum...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665457019
throughout 2021, GitGuardian's monitoring of public Github repositories revealed a two-fold increase in the number of secrets (database credentials, API keys, and other credentials) exposed compared to 2020, accumulating more than six million secrets. To our knowledge, the challenges developers face to avoid checked-in secrets are not yet characterized. the goal of our paper is to aid researchers and tool developers in understanding and prioritizing opportunities for future research and tool automation for mitigating checked-in secrets through an empirical investigation of challenges and solutions related to checked-in secrets. We extract 779 questions related to checkedin secrets on Stack Exchange and apply qualitative analysis to determine the challenges and the solutions posed by others for each of the challenges. We identify 27 challenges and 13 solutions. the four most common challenges, in ranked order, are: (i) store/version of secrets during deployment;(ii) store/version of secrets in source code;(iii) ignore/hide of secrets in source code;and (iv) sanitize VCS history. the three most common solutions, in ranked order, are: (i) move secrets out of source code/version control and use template config file;(ii) secret management in deployment;and (iii) use local environment variables. Our findings indicate that the same solution has been mentioned to mitigate multiple challenges. However, our findings also identify an increasing trend in questions lacking accepted solutions substantiating the need for future research and tool automation on managing secrets.
Modelling languages are essential in many disciplines to express knowledge in a precise way. Furthermore, some domains require families of notations (rather than individual languages) that account for variations of a ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400705045
Modelling languages are essential in many disciplines to express knowledge in a precise way. Furthermore, some domains require families of notations (rather than individual languages) that account for variations of a language. Some examples of language families include those to define automata, Petri nets, process models or software architectures. Several techniques have been proposed to engineer families of languages, but they often neglect the language's concrete syntax, especially if it is graphical. To fill this gap, we propose a modular method to build product lines of graphical modelling languages. Language features are defined in modules, which comprise boththe abstract and graphical concrete syntax of the feature. A language variant is selected by choosing a valid configuration of modules, from which the abstract and concrete syntax of the variant is synthesised. Our approach permits composition and overriding of graphical elements (e.g., symbol styles, visualisation layers), the injection of pre-defined graphical styles into language families (e.g., to obtain a high-intensity contrast variant for accessibility), and the analysis of graphical conflicts at the product line level. We report on an implementation atop Eclipse/Sirius, and demonstrate its benefits by an evaluation which shows a substantial specification size reduction of our product line method with respect to a case-by-case specification approach.
Physical systems are complex, and their behaviour is typically affected by uncertainty caused by incomplete knowledge about their state and operations. the emergence of Digital Twins (DTs), i.e., virtual copies of phy...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665494939
Physical systems are complex, and their behaviour is typically affected by uncertainty caused by incomplete knowledge about their state and operations. the emergence of Digital Twins (DTs), i.e., virtual copies of physical systems, leverages the opportunity of supporting in-vitro diagnoses and decision-making. However, the adoption of DTs cannot neglect the trust that stakeholders have in them and in their insights. Here, we present a preliminary framework for architecting DTs where appropriate modeling notations, trust assurance, and co-evolution between DTs and physical systems are part of a holistic method aiming to guarantee that a DT conforms, in terms of configuration and behaviour, to its corresponding Physical Twin (PT).
knowledge graph completion is to solve the problem of lack of entities and relations in knowledge graphs. Existing knowledge graph completion methods mainly embed entities and relations into latent vectors, and numero...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400708305
knowledge graph completion is to solve the problem of lack of entities and relations in knowledge graphs. Existing knowledge graph completion methods mainly embed entities and relations into latent vectors, and numerous researches have taken the rich relationships in knowledge graph into account such as category, entity, relation and semantic. However, only a few studies consider the relation between attributes, which is the basis of describing the entity. this paper proposes the Attribute Hierarchy knowledge Graph Completion (AH-KGC) method, aiming at leveraging the attribute relation to find the missing obligatory property of entities. Primarily, in AH-KGC, we have discussed the attributes prerequisite relation, which can be described as a tree-like hierarchical structure, and then adopt the search algorithm of preorder traversal based on the hierarchy to find out the missing attributes. Specifically, we prove that attribute prerequisite is a special case of implication, thus can obtain attribute hierarchy from implications relation, which can easily be obtained in much mature research such as expert systems and make full use of the knowledge in various fields to make up for the vacancy of domain knowledge in the knowledge graph. the experiment has been performed on the CN-DBpedia and Probase datasets. the result demonstrates that AH-KGC can effectively complete the missing attributes of entities in knowledge graphs and achieve 100% accuracy under our evaluation system.
CONTEXT: Self-efficacy is a concept researched in various areas of knowledgethat impacts various factors such as performance, satisfaction, and motivation. In softwareengineering, it has mainly been studied in the a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400700446
CONTEXT: Self-efficacy is a concept researched in various areas of knowledgethat impacts various factors such as performance, satisfaction, and motivation. In softwareengineering, it has mainly been studied in the academic context, presenting results similar to other areas of knowledge. However, it is also important to understand its impact in the industrial context. OBJECTIVE: therefore, this study aims to understand the impact on the software development context with a focus on understanding the behavioral signs of self-efficacy in software engineers and how self-efficacy can impact the work-day of software engineers. MEthOD: A qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured questionnaires with 31 interviewees from a software development company located in Brazil. the interviewees participated in a Bootcamp and were later assigned to software development teams. thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: In the perception of the interviewees, 21 signs were found that are related to people with high and low self-efficacy. these signs were divided into two dimensions: social and cognitive. Also, 18 situations were found that can lead to an increase or decrease of self-efficacy of software engineers. Finally, 12 factors were mentioned that can impact software development teams. CONCLUSION: this work evidences a set of behavioral signs that can help team leaders to better perceive the self-efficacy of their members. It also presents a set of situations that both leaders and individuals can use to improve their self-efficacy in the development context, and finally, factors that can be impacted by self-efficacy in the software development context are also presented. Finally, this work emphasizes the importance of understanding self-efficacy in the industrial context.
Smart distributed robotic systems form an essential technology for Industry 4.0 as they provide extensive capabilities in the field of manufacturing. Such systems can be built using self-assembling metamorphic robots,...
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System identification of nonlinear dynamical systems aims to predict the output of a system for a given input. In many engineering applications, the underlying physics are not fully understood and so there is no analy...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780791887387
System identification of nonlinear dynamical systems aims to predict the output of a system for a given input. In many engineering applications, the underlying physics are not fully understood and so there is no analytical solution. the Wiener series is a classical data-driven technique that decomposes the system response into a set of orthogonal functionals of increasing order. Unlike standard black-box algorithms, such as neural networks, the series is highly interpretable and can offer insight into the nonlinearities present. To date, in order to calculate higher order terms in the Wiener series, vast quantities of data are needed. In this paper, a novel formulation of the Wiener series is developed in the frequency domain which applies to general stochastic inputs with an arbitrary spectrum. It is enhanced by placing Gaussian process priors over the Wiener kernels to enforce prior knowledge of their structure. this significantly reduces the quantity of data required for inference and has the benefit of enabling the calculation of the third order kernel for systems with long memory. the benefits were demonstrated in initial investigations using an idealised nonlinear oscillatory system. Decomposition of the system response into Wiener functionals also sheds light on the learnability of nonlinear dynamical systems, which could be used to assess the value of collecting additional data.
the current article introduces a short historical review of the roots of the holistic (software) quality theory. this review is used both as a presentation of the ground on which the holistic quality has been built up...
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