This paper presents a tool specifically designed for database reengineering. As is well known, reengineering is the process of (1) applying reverse engineering to a software product to get higher-level specifications,...
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This paper presents a tool specifically designed for database reengineering. As is well known, reengineering is the process of (1) applying reverse engineering to a software product to get higher-level specifications, and (2) using these specifications as the starting point for the development of a new version of the system. Thus, the complete process can be seen as a sequence of transformation functions that operate on the different sets of artifacts involved in the whole process. The starting point of the reengineering process is the physical schema of the database, which is translated into a vendor-independent metamodel; then, this is translated into a class diagram representing the possible conceptual schema used during the development of the database. This diagram is then taken as the starting point for the code generation process, which produces an executable application for four possible different platforms.
Power consumption and size are the most important challenges faced when designing radios for distributed wireless sensor networks (WSN). Reducing power consumption requires optimization across all the layers of the co...
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Power consumption and size are the most important challenges faced when designing radios for distributed wireless sensor networks (WSN). Reducing power consumption requires optimization across all the layers of the communication systems. Although the MAC layer plays a crucial role in the overall energy efficiency, the radio remains one of the bottleneck for implementing ultra low-power WSN. The power consumption of the radios available today does not allow for continuous operation and the radio has to be duty-cycled in order to reach the targeted several years autonomy. This clearly has an impact on how to design a radio for WSN. Reducing the node size can be partly achieved by a high level of integration of all the functions required by one node on a single chip. This leads to systems-on-chip (SoC) that are dedicated to WSN. This paper addresses the different issues in the design of ultra low-power WSN with a particular emphasis on the radio. It reviews the constraints imposed on the transceiver design by the low-power and low-voltage specifications, the duty-cycled operation and the modulation scheme. Several radio architectures that can potentially be used for WSN are discussed in the perspective of a CMOS implementation. As examples, the 1st-and 2nd-generation of WiseNET ultra low-power transceivers are presented. The 1st-generation WiseNET transceiver is integrated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m standard digital CMOS process. It operates in the 434 MHz band and consumes only 1 mW from a 1 V supply, while achieving a -95 dBm sensitivity for a 24 kb/s data rate with a 10/sup -3/ BER. The 2nd-generation WiseNET transceiver was designed and specifically optimized for the new WiseMAC protocol specially developed for WSN. It runs from a single 1.5 V battery and operates down to 0.9 V while consuming only 1.8 mW in receive mode. It achieves a -104 dBm sensitivity for 25 kb/s data rate with a 10/sup -3/ BER. In addition to this low-power radio, the 2nd-generation WiseNET system-on
The development of next-generation portable MEMS (microelectrical-mechanical systems) call for PZT (lead zirconate titanate oxide) film sensors and actuators with thickness in the range of 1-10 mum. The aim of this pr...
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The development of next-generation portable MEMS (microelectrical-mechanical systems) call for PZT (lead zirconate titanate oxide) film sensors and actuators with thickness in the range of 1-10 mum. The aim of this project is to fabricate and characterize PZT films with the thickness between 1 and 10 mum by an improved sol-gel method. Two techniques were applied to improve the conventional sol-gel processing: precursor concentration modulation, rapid thermal annealing. Based on the inspection of XRD spectra and SEM, the films of one, two, three, and sixteen coatings from the same sol show the correct crystalline phase. Also the structure and morphology of the synthesized film were dense and crack-free with the thickness between 1 and 10 mum. The characterization methods of the PZT films for the dynamic performance and simulation were developed. The actuation tests demonstrated the silicon cantilever (4 cm times 7 mm times 0.56 mm) could be driven linearly by the PZT film (4 mm times 4 mm times 6.5 mum) at the 1st bending mode of the specimen, 346 Hz, with the amplitude of 240 nm. According to experiments, the frequency of the PZT sensing signal was the same as the driving frequency and the signal strength was proportional to the excitation voltage. This work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of PZT thick films fabricated by the improved sol-gel method
Wireless sensor networks is an emerging paradigm of computing and networking where a node may be self-powered, and have sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. They have been proposed for use in a wide var...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0769522211
Wireless sensor networks is an emerging paradigm of computing and networking where a node may be self-powered, and have sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. They have been proposed for use in a wide variety of applications. The objective of this article is to describe a wireless sensor network for monitoring of the health of aircraft engines. We describe the architecture of the wireless sensor network along with how it fits into the general area of wireless sensor networks.
Increasingly interactions that services and entities have with each other, and among themselves, are network bound. These interactions can be encapsulated in events. We describe a scheme for the reliable delivery of e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780377338
Increasingly interactions that services and entities have with each other, and among themselves, are network bound. These interactions can be encapsulated in events. We describe a scheme for the reliable delivery of events in the presence of link and node failures.
Natural distributedsystems are adaptive, scalable and fault-tolerant. Emergence science describes how higher-level self-regulatory behaviour arises in natural systems from many participants following simple rule-sets...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780377338
Natural distributedsystems are adaptive, scalable and fault-tolerant. Emergence science describes how higher-level self-regulatory behaviour arises in natural systems from many participants following simple rule-sets. Emergence advocates simple communication models, autonomy and independence, enhancing robustness and self-stabilization. High-quality distributed applications such as autonomic systems must satisfy the appropriate nonfunctional requirements which include scalability, efficiency, robustness, low-latency and stability. However the traditional design of distributed applications, especially in terms of the communication strategies employed, can introduce compromises between these characteristics. This paper discusses ways in which emergence science can be applied to distributedcomputing, avoiding some of the compromises associated with traditionally-designed applications. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this paradigm, an emergent election algorithm is described and its performance evaluated The design incorporates non-deterministic behaviour. The resulting algorithm has very low communication complexity, and is simultaneously very stable, scalable and robust.
In this paper we study the problem of detecting and eliminating redundancy in a sensor network with a view to improving energy efficiency, while preserving the network's coverage. We also examine the impact of red...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780387961
In this paper we study the problem of detecting and eliminating redundancy in a sensor network with a view to improving energy efficiency, while preserving the network's coverage. We also examine the impact of redundancy elimination on the related problem of coverage-boundary detection. We reduce both problems to the computation of Voronoi diagrams, prove and achieve lower bounds on the solution of these problems, and present efficient distributed algorithms for computing and maintaining solutions in cases of sensor failures or insertion of new sensors. We prove the correctness and termination properties of our distributed algorithms, and analytically characterize the time complexity and the traffic generated by our algorithms. Our simulations show that the traffic generated per sensor insertion or removal (failure) experiences a dramatic decrease with increase in sensor density, (up to 300% when the number of sensors deployed in the same 1000 X 1000m(2) area increases from 150 to. 800), and with increase in radio transmission range (up to 200% when the sensor's transmission range increases from 70m to 200m).
Affective computing has been proposed to enable forms of social interaction between humans and computers by providing computers with the means to recognize human emotions and to enrich their responses with human-like ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780385667
Affective computing has been proposed to enable forms of social interaction between humans and computers by providing computers with the means to recognize human emotions and to enrich their responses with human-like emotions. Among the advantages that are expected from developing computers with affective capabilities is detecting stress conditions of humans involved in system control to activate suitable recovery procedures. Aim of the paper is to propose a prototypical distributed system consisting of two cooperating electronic boards, each provided with the fuzzy processor st52F13 by st Microelectronics, to demonstrate that affective computing may be applied at excellent performances and low costs in all the cases where human behavior has to be monitored to verify that humans are accomplishing a task involving the use of PCs with the needed attention and time-reactions.
Recent developments of mobile Internet and wireless technologies bring new opportunities and challenges to GIS research and applications. In this paper, we propose a new framework for accessing and integrating distrib...
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We propose a framework for the deployment and subsequent autonomic management of component based distributed applications. An initial deployment goal is specified using a declarative constraint language, expressing co...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780377338
We propose a framework for the deployment and subsequent autonomic management of component based distributed applications. An initial deployment goal is specified using a declarative constraint language, expressing constraints over aspects such as component-host mappings and component interconnection topology. A constraint solver is used to find a configuration that satisfies the goal, and the configuration is deployed automatically. The deployed application is instrumented to allow subsequent autonomic management. If during execution, the manager detects that the original goal is no longer being met, the satisfy/deploy process can be repeated automatically in order to generate a revised deployment that does meet the goal.
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