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Leapfrogging: A portable technique for implementing efficient futures 93

Leapfrogging: A portable technique for implementing efficien...

引用

4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Wagner, David B. Calder, Bradley G. Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Campus Box 430 Boulder80309-0430 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

A future is a language construct that allows programmers to expose parallelism in applicative languages such as MultiLisp [5] with minimal effort. In this paper we describe a technique for implementing futures, which we call leapfrogging, that reduces blocking due to load imbalance. The utility of leapfrogging is enhanced by the fact that it is completely platform-independent, is free from deadlock, and places a bound on stack sizes that is at most a small constant times the maximum stack size encountered during a sequential execution of the same computation. We demonstrate the performance of leapfrogging using a prototype implementation written in C++.

关键词： C++ (programming language)

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DATA-FLOW EQUATIONS FOR EXPLICITLY parallel PROGRAMS 93

DATA-FLOW EQUATIONS FOR EXPLICITLY PARALLEL PROGRAMS

引用

4TH SYMP ON principles AND practice OF parallel programming ( PPOPP )

作者： GRUNWALD, D SRINIVASAN, H UNIV COLORADO DEPT COMP SCIBOULDERCO 80309

ISBN: (纸本)9780897915892

We present a solution to the reaching definitions problem for programs with explicit lexically specified parallel constructs, such as cobegin/coend or parallel-sections, both with and without explicit synchronization operations, such as Post, Wait or Advance. The reaching definitions information for sequential programs is used to solve many standard optimization problems. In parallel programs, this information can also be used to explicitly direct communication and data ownership. Although work has been done on analyzing parallel programs to detect data races, little work has been done on optimizing such programs. We show how the memory consistency model specified by an explicitly parallel programming language can influence the complexity of the reaching definitions problem. By selecting the ''weakest'' memory consistency semantics, we can efficiently solve the reaching definitions problem for correct programs.

关键词： Computer software

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High performance fortran without templates: An alternative model for distribution and alignment 93

High performance fortran without templates: An alternative m...

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Chapman, Barbara M. Mehrotra, Piyush Zima, Hans P. Department for Software Technology and Parallel Systems University of Vienna Austria ICASE MS 132C NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

Language extensions of Fortran are being developed which permit the user to map data structures to the individual processors of distributed memory machines. These languages allow a programming style in which global data references are used. Current efforts are fo-cussed on designing a common basis for such languages, the result of which is known as High Performance For-tran (HPF). One of the central debates in the HPF effort revolves around the concept of templates, introduced as an abstract index space to which data could be aligned. In this paper, we present a model for the mapping of data which provides the functionality of High Performance Fortran distributions without the use of templates. © 1993 acm.

关键词： FORTRAN (programming language)

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AN EQUATIONAL LANGUAGE FOR DATA-parallelISM 93

AN EQUATIONAL LANGUAGE FOR DATA-PARALLELISM

引用

4TH SYMP ON principles AND practice OF parallel programming ( PPOPP )

作者： RAO, P WALINSKY, C PORTLAND GRP WILSONVILLEOR 97070 DARTMOUTH COLL HANOVERNH 03755

ISBN: (纸本)9780897915892

Data-parallelism provides a clean conceptual framework for parallel programming. We are developing two programming languages: a high level equational language, called EL*, and a low-level implementation language. Both languages exploit data-parallelism instead of control-parallelism. EL* is a declarative data-parallel language. EL* programs are high-level equational specifications that use extensive pattern-matching and recursion. The language's syntax and semantics are intended to be clear and simple. Recursive forms are restricted to enable translation to efficient data-parallel operations. EL* programs are compiled into FP*, a variant of Backus's FP, where parallel operations are more explicit and low-level. The target language has a rich set of functions for performing communication, and computation. It also has a powerful set of combining forms that generate large highly-parallel functions from smaller program units. Prototype compilers have been implemented for both languages, and they demonstrate good performance. Several linear algebra and non-numeric problems have been programmed with relative ease using EL*. We are currently developing compilation techniques for a wider range of scientific problems that have more complex parallel solutions, and are continuing to expand the language's scope.

关键词： parallel programming

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ActorSpace: An open distributed programming paradigm 93

ActorSpace: An open distributed programming paradigm

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Agha, Gul Callsen, Christian J. Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 W. Springfield Avenue UrbanaIL61801 United States Department of Math and Comp. Science Aalborg University Frederik Bajers Vej 7E Aalborg Øst9220 Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

We present a new programming paradigm called ActorSpace. ActorSpace provides a new communication model based on destination patterns. An actorSpace is a computationally passive container of actors which acts as a context for matching patterns. Patterns are matched against listed attributes of actors and ac-torSpaces that are visible in the actorSpace. Both visibility and attributes are dynamic. Messages may be sent to one or all members of a group denned by a pattern. The paradigm provides powerful support for component-based construction of massively parallel and distributed applications. In particular, it supports open interfaces to servers and pattern-directed access to software repositories. © 1993 acm.

关键词： Computer programming

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Implementation of a portable nested data-parallel language 93

Implementation of a portable nested data-parallel language

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Blelloch, Guy E. Chatterjee, Siddhartha Hardwick, Jonathan C. Sipelstein, Jay Zagha, Marco School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States RIACS Mail Stop T045-1 NASA Ames Research Center Moffett FieldCA94035 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

This paper gives an overview of the implementation of NESL, a portable nested data-parallel language. This language and its implementation are the first to fully support nested data structures as well as nested data-parallel function calls. These features allow the concise description of parallel algorithms on irregular data, such as sparse matrices and graphs. In addition, they maintain the advantages of data-parallel languages: a simple programming model and portability. The current NESL implementation is based on an intermediate language called VcODE and a library of vector routines called CVL. It runs on the Connection Machine CM-2, the Cray Y-MP C90, and serial machines. We compare initial benchmark results of NESL with those of machine-specific code on these machines for three algorithms: least-squares line-fitting, median finding, and a sparse-matrix vector product. These results show that NESL'S performance is competitive with that of machine-specific codes for regular dense data, and is often superior for irregular data. © 1993 acm.

关键词： Matrix algebra

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Experiences using the parascope editor: An interactive parallel programming tool 93

Experiences using the parascope editor: An interactive paral...

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Hall, Mary W. Harvey, Timothy J. Kennedy, Ken McIntosh, Nathaniel McKinley, Kathryn S. Oldham, Jeffrey D. Paleczny, Michael H. Roth, Gerald Center for Integrated Systems Stanford University Palo AltoCA94305 United States Department of Computer Science Rice University HoustonTX77251-1892 United States 35 rue Saint Honoré Fontainebleau CedexF-77305 France

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

The ParaScope Editor is an interactive parallel programming tool that assists knowledgeable users in developing scientific Fortran programs. It displays the results of sophisticated program analyses, provides a set of powerful interactive transformations, and supports program editing. This paper summarizes experiences of scientific programmers and tool designers using the ParaScope Editor. We evaluate existing features and describe enhancements in three key areas: user interface, analysis, and transformation. Many existing features prove crucial to successful program parallelization. They include interprocedural array side-effect analysis and program and dependence view filtering. Desirable functionality includes improved program navigation based on performance estimation, incorporating user assertions in analysis and more guidance in selecting transformations. These results offer insights for the authors of a variety of programming tools and parallelizing compilers. © 1993 acm.

关键词： parallel programming

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Data locality and load balancing in COOL 93

Data locality and load balancing in COOL

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Chandra, Rohit Gupta, Anoop Hennessy, John L. Center for Integrated Systems Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

Large-scale shared memory multiprocessors typically support a multilevel memory hierarchy consisting of per-processor caches, a local portion of shared memory, and remote shared memory. On such machines, the performance of parallel programs is often limited by the high latency of remote memory references. In this paper we explore how knowledge of the underlying memory hierarchy can be used to schedule computation and distribute data structures, and thereby improve data locality. Our study is done in the context of COOL, a concurrent object-oriented language developed at Stanford. We develop abstractions for the programmer to supply optional information about the data reference patterns of the program. This information is used by the runtime system to distribute tasks and objects so that the tasks execute close (in the memory hierarchy) to the objects they reference. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques by applying them to several applications chosen from the SPLASH parallel benchmark suite. Our experience suggests that improving data locality can be simple through a combination of programmer abstractions and smart runtime scheduling.

关键词： Object oriented programming

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LogP: Towards a realistic model of parallel computation 93

LogP: Towards a realistic model of parallel computation

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Culler, David Karp, Richard Patterson, David Sahay, Abhijit Erik Schauser, Klaus Santos, Eunice Subramonian, Ramesh Von Eicken, Thorsten Computer Science Division University of California Berkeley United States International Computer Science Institute Berkeley United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

A vast body of theoretical research has focused either on overly simplistic models of parallel computation, notably the PRAM, or overly specific models that have few representatives in the real world. Both kinds of models encourage exploitation of formal loopholes, rather than rewarding development of techniques that yield performance across a range of current and future parallel machines. This paper offers a new parallel machine model, called LogP, that reflects the critical technology trends underlying parallel computers. It is intended to serve as a basis for developing fast, portable parallel algorithms and to offer guidelines to machine designers. Such a model must strike a balance between detail and simplicity in order to reveal important bottlenecks without making analysis of interesting problems intractable. The model is based on four parameters that specify abstractly the computing bandwidth, the communication bandwidth, the communication delay, and the efficiency of coupling communication and computation. Portable parallel algorithms typically adapt to the machine configuration, in terms of these parameters. The utility of the model is demonstrated through examples that are implemented on the CM-5. © 1993 acm.

关键词： parallel algorithms

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Computation migration: Enhancing locality for distributed-memory parallel systems 93

Computation migration: Enhancing locality for distributed-me...

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4th acm sigplan symposium on principles and practice of parallel programming, PPOPP 1993

作者： Hsieh, Wilson C. Wang, Paul Weihl, William E. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square CambridgeMA02139 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897915895

We describe computation migration, a new technique that is based on compile-time program transformations, for accessing remote data in a distributed-memory parallel system. In contrast with RPC-style access, where the access is performed remotely, and with data migration, where the data is moved so that it is local, computation migration moves part of the current thread to the processor where the data resides. The access is performed at the remote processor, and the migrated thread portion continues to run on that same processor;this makes subsequent accesses in the thread portion local. We describe an implementation of computation migra^ tion that consists of two parts: an implementation that migrates single activation frames, and a high-level language annotation that allows a programmer to express when migration is desired. We performed experiments using two applications;these experiments demonstrate that computation migration is a valuable alternative to RPC and data migration.

关键词： High level languages

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