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An environment for formal lingware engineering

An environment for formal lingware engineering

引用

ACS/IEEE international conference on Computer Systems and Applications

作者： B. Gargouri M. Jmaiel A. Ben Hamadou LARIS Laboratory Tunisia

ISBN: (纸本)0769511651

Presents an environment that supports the formal specification and verification of "lingware" (applications related to natural language processing). This environment provides interfaces enabling the specification of both linguistic knowledge and the functional aspects of an application. Linguistic knowledge is specified with the usual grammatical formalisms, while the functional aspects are specified with a suitable formal notation. Both descriptions are integrated, after transformation, into the same framework in order to obtain a complete requirements specification that can be refined towards an executable program.

关键词： Application software Formal specifications natural language processing Air safety Specification languages Libraries Refining Security Computer languages knowledge representation

来源：评论

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Modeling legislation using natural language processing

Modeling legislation using natural language processing

引用

IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： R. Van Gog T.M. Van Engers Ministry of Finance Belastingdienst Centre of Process and Product Development Utrecht Netherlands

This paper describes the possibilities of the translation of legislation, which is written in natural language, into a formal language, i.e. UML/OCL. The tool OPAL (Object-oriented Parsing and Analysis of Legislation) is developed to support the automatic modelling of legislation with the use of appropriate NLP techniques. The aim is not to perform this modelling in a batch fashion from legislation to final model, but interactively in dialogue with the knowledge engineer. The main components of OPAL are a parser (based on a chart-parser algorithm) and a model generator. A special component called modelling interface is added to OPAL to give the knowledge engineer the possibility to keep track of the modelling process and to make adjustments to the final model.

关键词： Legislation natural language processing Object oriented modeling Law natural languages Context modeling knowledge engineering Specification languages Finance Product development

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Development of intelligent method for differential diagnosis of Specific language Impairment

Development of intelligent method for differential diagnosis...

引用

Annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： V.C. Georgopoulos G.A. Malandraki C.D. Stylios Department of Speech Therapy Technological Educational Institute of Patras Patras Greece Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Patras Patras Greece

Presents a soft computing model for differential diagnosis of Specific language Impairment (SLI). SLI is a language disorder that, in many cases, cannot be easily diagnosed by the specialists. This difficulty necessitates the development of a methodology, which will contribute to the differential diagnosis of SLI and will help and support the speech therapist in the diagnostic process. The methodology-tool used is based on fuzzy cognitive maps. The development of the model was based on proven and published knowledge from the literature and then it was successfully tested on four different clinical cases. The results obtained point to its final integration in the future and to its valid contribution as a model of differential diagnosis of SLI.

关键词： natural languages Fuzzy cognitive maps Autism Testing Decision making Medical treatment Educational technology Speech processing History Humans

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Acquisition of causal information from medical documents in French for experts

Acquisition of causal information from medical documents in ...

引用

Annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Wonsil Park M. Abraham ITI Ecole Nationale SupCrieure Télécommunications de Bretagne University of Paris France

This paper discusses how to select causal information from medical documents, in particular the information structured by verbal locutions in French. Causal relations are represented not only by verbs, X CAUSES Y, but also by other different information, for instance a temporal order between cause and effect, different meanings of the effect, and so on. With an example, we propose how to categorize causal relations in order to obtain much more detailed information from medical documents. This method is useful to experts to increase knowledge data base, and it could help students in Medicine to understand and organize their tasks.

关键词： Data mining Medical diagnostic imaging natural languages Information analysis natural language processing Internet Connectors Laboratories Information filtering Information filters

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Automated conversion from a requirements document to an executable formal specification 01

Automated conversion from a requirements document to an exec...

引用

IEEE international conference on Automated Software engineering (ASE)

作者： Beum-Seuk Lee Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Alabama Birmingham Birmingham AL USA

ISBN: (纸本)076951426X

Many formal specification languages have been developed to engineer complex systems. However natural language (NL) has remained the choice of domain experts to specify the system because formal specification languages are not easy to master. Therefore NL requirements documentation must be reinterpreted by software engineers into a formal specification language. When the system is very complicated, which is mostly the case when one chooses to use formal specification, this conversion is both non-trivial and error-prone, if not implausible. This challenge comes from many factors such as miscommunication between domain experts and engineers. However the major bottleneck of this conversion is from the inborn characteristic of ambiguity of NL and the different level of the formalism between the two domains of NL and the formal specification. This is why there have been very few attempts to automate the conversion from requirements documentation to a formal specification language. This research project is developed as an application of formal specification and linguistic techniques to automate the conversion from a requirements document written in NL to a formal specification language. Contextual natural language processing (CNLP) is used to handle the ambiguity problem in NL and Two Level Grammar (TLG) is used to deal with the different formalism level between NL and formal specification languages to achieve automated conversion from NL requirements documentation into a formal specification (in our case the Vienna Development Method - VDM++). A knowledge base is built from the NL requirements documentation using CNLP by parsing the documentation and storing the syntactic, semantic, and contextual information.

关键词： Formal specifications Documentation Unified modeling language Systems engineering and theory natural language processing Phase detection High level languages Java Bridges Prototypes

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A technique on adjusting the system's knowledge of linguistic hedges to human naive thinking

A technique on adjusting the system's knowledge of linguisti...

引用

conference of the North American Fuzzy Information processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： H. Takeuchi Research Institute of Human Science and Biomedical Engineering National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

The concept of a linguistic hedge has been successfully formalized in the field of fuzzy set theory. The meanings of linguistic expressions, such as "very tall", have been well expressed by using membership functions. Although various methods for measuring the membership functions have been proposed, the change of the meaning in the real world has not been treated well. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a population type for the perceived data set, and we conduct psychological experiments to determine the membership functions for the linguistic expressions, while changing the stimulus population type. Then, by using the population type concept, we propose a technique for adjusting the system's knowledge of linguistic hedges to new perceived data, and we discuss the usefulness of the method.

关键词： Humans Psychology Biomedical engineering Fuzzy set theory Biomedical measurements natural language processing Mathematical model Prototypes Chaos

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Dealing with unknowns in machine translation

Dealing with unknowns in machine translation

引用

IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： R.M.K. Sinha Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India

An 'unknown' is defined as a word for which there is no entry in the dictionary used by the translation system. In general, a text may contain several unknowns. These words may be names, acronyms, abbreviations, terminology or foreign words. It is a common practice in India to mix English words in Hindi and other Indian languages, and vice-versa. However, the grammatical rules in the construction of gender, number, verb nominalization or forms conform to those for the language used, irrespective of their origin. This gives rise to frequent encounters with unknown words in day-to-day communications. A machine translation system has to provide a mechanism for handling such unknowns. Spelling mistakes are yet another source that contributes to these unknowns. In this paper, we describe the strategy being adopted in our system for machine-aided translation from English to Hindi. No attempt has been made to expand the vocabulary by deriving the meaning of the unknown words. Instead, once an unknown is identified, a transliteration in Hindi with appropriate suffixes or appendages is used to substitute for their meaning. We use predictive parsing and a number of heuristics to identify the type of unknown.

关键词： natural languages Dictionaries Terminology Vocabulary Computer science natural language processing Databases knowledge acquisition Engines

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Human based genetic algorithm

Human based genetic algorithm

引用

IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： A. Kosorukoff Department of General Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USA

A new class of genetic algorithms (GA) is presented. It is based on the idea of outsourcing, a popular trend in business. In a human based genetic algorithm (HBGA), all primary genetic operators are outsourced, i.e. delegated to external human agents. A totally outsourced genetic algorithm uses both human evaluation and the human ability of innovation. It is a multi-agent environment and the mediator of communication between multiple heterogenous agents. The advantage of this approach is its ability to address complex problems for which it is hard, not only to evaluate individuals, but to find a good representation for them. These qualities allow HBGA to process flows of information without knowledge of its particular structure and representation. The suggested conceptual approach can also be used as a general model and a way of thinking about different kinds of genetic algorithms.

关键词： Humans Genetic algorithms Electronics packaging Technological innovation Multiagent systems Genetic mutations Laboratories Genetic engineering Evolutionary computation natural language processing

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A term-based algorithm for hierarchical clustering of Web documents

A term-based algorithm for hierarchical clustering of Web do...

引用

conference of the North American Fuzzy Information processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： A. Schenker M. Last A. Kandel Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South Florida Tampa FL USA Department of Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel

In this paper we introduce the novel class hierarchy construction algorithm (CHCA) in order to create hierarchical clusterings of Web documents. Unlike most clustering methods, CHCA operates on nominal data (the words occurring in each document) and it differs from other hierarchical clustering techniques in that it uses the object-oriented concept of inheritance to create the parent/child relationship between clusters. A prototype system has been developed using CHCA to create cluster hierarchies from web search results returned by conventional search engines. CHCA, without any guidance, creates term-based clusters from the contents of the retrieved pages and assigns each page to a cluster; the clusters correspond to topics and sub-topics in the investigated domain. The performance of our system is compared with a similar web search clustering system (Vivisimo).

关键词： Clustering algorithms Web search Data mining natural language processing Systems engineering and theory Search engines Content based retrieval knowledge representation Information retrieval Web mining

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engineering a front-end prototype using computing with words in generic BK-product fuzzy relational architectures

Engineering a front-end prototype using computing with words...

引用

conference of the North American Fuzzy Information processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： B.C. Granville L.J. Kohout Department of Computer and Information Sciences Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University Tallahassee FL USA Department of Computer Sciences Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA

When employing fuzzy relational structures in the development of intelligent systems, a unified generic tool is needed to assist the designers, knowledge experts, and users in constructing the application's data dictionary and relational structures for the observed environment being modeled. Such a tool must apply some form of "computing with words" to help users conceptualize the semantics of the fuzzy relations themselves. Everyday terms and those used in special environments form a natural means of conceptualizing the reasoning process of fuzzy analysis on fuzzy relations using words rather than numbers. The recognized words and terms allow the potential users of fuzzy systems the opportunity to step back and see the big-picture of a typical application's overall relational structures and compositions. A front-end English Query language (EQL) tool is specified along with the supporting grammar to view the emerging technologies employed in representing fuzzy relational structures and how the relational approach can be used for "computing with words" systems. Therefore, the desired logical analysis can be expressed using natural language queries as opposed to the mathematical products forms of the multi-valued logics used.

关键词： Design engineering Prototypes Fuzzy systems Fuzzy reasoning Intelligent systems Intelligent structures Dictionaries Database languages natural languages Multivalued logic

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