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Random walk theory applied to language identification

Random walk theory applied to language identification

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international conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： E. Marcheret M. Savic Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

We discuss the evaluation of the RPI language identification system by the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST). This system is based on an acousto-phonetic approach where the phonemes present in a language are identified by a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM). The HSMM was also developed at RPI. knowledge of these phonemes provides us with the necessary probabilistic framework for classifier design. The classifier used in this system is designed in such a way that language specific scores generated during an evaluation form a random walk. Random walk theory has extensive applications in ecology, metallurgy, chemistry and physics. Until recently random walk theory has been primarily used as a tool for the measurement of the territory covered by a diffusing particle. We now show that random walk theory can be used to effectively design a language identification system.

关键词： NIST Economic indicators natural languages Environmental factors Chemistry Physics Particle measurements Government Speech Vocabulary

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Applying language engineering techniques to the question support facilities in VIENA classroom

Applying language engineering techniques to the question sup...

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7th international conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA 96)

作者： Winiwarter, W Kagawa, O Kambayashi, Y Department of Information Science Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-01 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)354061656X

VIENA Classroom is a distance education system in which the teaching material is prepared as hypermedia documents and presented to the students within a CSCW environment. By applying language engineering techniques to the question support facilities of the system we create a multimodal natural language interface so that the students can formulate their questions directly in Japanese. Based on the computed semantic representations the questions are either answered by accessing a FAQ knowledge base or collected and transferred to the teacher for later processing. As valuable assistance for formulating questions we provide the possibility to browse through automatically generated FAQ lists. language engineering is performed in an integrated framework by utilizing deductive object-oriented database technology.

关键词： Students

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"Blind" speech segmentation: automatic segmentation of speech without linguistic knowledge

"Blind" speech segmentation: automatic segmentation of speec...

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international conference on Spoken language, ICSLP

作者： M. Sharma R. Mammone SpeakEZ Inc. Piscataway NJ USA CAIP Center Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA

A new automatic speech segmentation procedure, called the "Blind" speech segmentation, is presented. This procedure allows a speech sample to be segmented into sub-word units without the knowledge of any linguistic information (such as, orthographic or phonetic transcription). Hence, this procedure involves finding the optimal number of sub-word segments in the given speech sample, before locating the sub-word segment boundaries.

关键词： Speech processing Labeling Speech recognition natural languages knowledge engineering Graphics Automatic speech recognition Clustering algorithms

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Analysis of head movements and its role in spoken dialogue

Analysis of head movements and its role in spoken dialogue

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international conference on Spoken language, ICSLP

作者： Y. Iwano S. Kageyama E. Morikawa S. Nakazato K. Shirai School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Japan

The authors analyzed the relationship between semantics of utterances and movements of the head in a natural dialogue and a task oriented dialogue in Japanese. They show that visual information such as head movement will be useful for managing a dialogue and reducing the vagueness of semantics. First they extract the head movements calculated automatically in a natural conversation and indicate the role of this. After this they present an analysis of head movements during a cooperative problem solving task to construct a natural dialogue system in which the initiative of the conversation moves. They show the effectiveness of using visual information in a multimodal dialogue system.

关键词： Magnetic heads Speech Data mining knowledge management Problem-solving Telephony Information analysis Humans natural languages Video recording

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Document recognition, semantics, and symbolic reasoning in reverse engineering of software 3rd

引用

3rd international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Mathematical Computation, AISMC 1996

作者： Butler, G. Grogono, P. Shinghal, R. Tjandra, I. Department of Computer Science Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West MontrealQCH3G 1M8 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Windsor WindsorON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)3540617329

The SoftDocs project at Concordia University investigates knowledge acquisition from software documents and the analysis of that knowledge for reverse engineering of legacy systems. It focusses on the recognition and analysis of diagrams rather than natural language processing of textual components of a software document. Rigorous analysis of diagrams requires a formal semantics for them, and utilises tools for symbolic reasoning. Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are one of many kinds of diagrams that software engineers use to help them understand complex systems. A data flow diagram represents a system as a network of processes connected by data flows. DFDs provide a useful and intuitive way of representing a system and they are easily interpreted by people. Without a formal semantics, however, DFDs cannot be used for automatic software understanding or reverse engineering. The goal of our research is to abstract meaning from existing diagrams, thereby enabling software tools, such as reverse engineering tools, to make use of existing diagrams. We have previously described a formal semantics for DFDs based on Milner’s Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS). The resulting formal description of a DFD can be analyzed with the aid of the Edinburgh Concurrency Workbench (CWB). A prototype tool, il-DFD, hides the details of the formal semantic notation and the commands of CWB. JT-DFD provides engineers with the capability to analyze the structure and semantics of a DFD, to run simulations of the behavior of a DFD, and to display the results graphically. Semantic analysis includes the computation of a DFD’s state space;finding a minimal representation for the state space;deciding whether two DFDs are equivalent;and whether one DFD is an abstraction of another, more detailed, DFD. All of these operations are potentially useful in reverse engineering and software understanding. © Springer-Vedag Berlin Heidelberg 1996.

关键词： Reverse engineering

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Use of prosodic information to integrate acoustic and linguistic knowledge in continuous Mandarin speech recognition with very large vocabulary

Use of prosodic information to integrate acoustic and lingui...

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international conference on Spoken language, ICSLP

作者： Hung-Yun Hsieh Ren-Yuan Lyu Lin-Shan Lee Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780335554

The paper presents an approach to using prosodic information for the integration of acoustic and linguistic knowledge in continuous Mandarin speech with very large vocabulary. Since the overhead computation incurred from unification of search space is confined to the syllable boundaries, the use of prosodic information to reduce the syllable boundary hypotheses as well as the syllable matching length, is shown to be effective. The inherent complexity with the very large vocabulary is also reduced by the use of phrase boundary hypotheses conjectured via the phrase-final lengthening. Experimental results show a 47.2% recognition time save with only a 5.67% error rate increase using the syllable and phrase boundary hypotheses conjectured from prosodic information.

关键词： Lattices Vocabulary Speech recognition Error analysis Viterbi algorithm Decoding natural languages Character recognition Acoustic propagation Floods

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Fast and accurate recognition of very-large-vocabulary continuous Mandarin speech for Chinese language with improved segmental probability modeling

Fast and accurate recognition of very-large-vocabulary conti...

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international conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Jia-Lin Shen Lin-Shan Lee Dept. of Electr. Eng. Nat. Taiwan Univ. Taipei Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)0780331923

This paper presents a fast and accurate recognition of continuous Mandarin speech with very large vocabulary using an improved segmental probability model (SPM) approach. In order to extensively utilize the acoustic and linguistic knowledge to further improve the recognition performance, a few special techniques are thus developed. Preliminary simulation results show that the final achievable rate for the base syllable recognition with the improved segmental probability modeling is as high as 91.62%, which indicates a 18.48% error rate reduction and more than 3 times faster than the well-studied sub-syllable-based CHMM. Also, a tone recognizer and a word-based Chinese language model are included and the achieved recognition accuracy for the final decoded Chinese characters is 92.10%.

关键词： Speech recognition Hidden Markov models Scanning probe microscopy natural languages Character recognition Vocabulary Error analysis Decoding Cepstrum Filters

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Dialogue knowledge acquisition from annotated corpora

Dialogue knowledge acquisition from annotated corpora

引用

IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： L. Kita Y. Fukui M. Nagata T. Morimoto Fac. of Eng. Tokushima Univ. Japan Faculty of Engineering University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan Information and Communication Systems Laboratories NTT Yokosuka Kanagawa Japan Interpreting Telecommunications Research Laboratories ATR Soraku-gun Kyoto Japan

In the work described, we automatically deduce dialogue structures from a corpus with probabilistic methods. Each utterance in the corpus is annotated with a speaker label and an utterance type called IFT (illocutionary force type). We use an ergodic HMM (hidden Markov model) and the ALERGIA algorithm, an algorithm for learning probabilistic automata by means of state merging, to model the speaker-IFT sequences. Our experiments successfully extract typical dialogue structures such as turn-taking and speech act sequencing.

关键词： knowledge acquisition Hidden Markov models Learning automata Merging natural languages Databases Communication systems Laboratories Speech processing natural language processing

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FUNDAMENTALS OF FUZZY knowledge BASE FOR IMAGE UNDERSTANDING

FUNDAMENTALS OF FUZZY KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR IMAGE UNDERSTANDING

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4th IEEE international conference on Fuzzy Systems/2nd international Fuzzy engineering Symposium (FUZZY-IEEE/IFES 95)

作者： NAKAGAWA, Y HIROTA, K HOSEI UNIV GRAD SCHDEPT SYST ENGNTOKYO 142JAPAN

ISBN: (纸本)0780324625

Fundamentals of fuzzy knowledge base for image understanding are dealt with. It consists of the data-word transformation part (to transform numerical data, derived from image processing, into words) and answer generation part (to answer about objects and phenomena in the image world). Ambiguous recognition results are handled by a fuzzy matching and a fuzzy frame knowledge-based system. By applying fuzzy IF - THEN rules, the process of image understanding can be made independent of weather conditions and daylight changing. This system also employs user friendly information retrieval system by applying natural language instructions.

关键词： IMAGE UNDERSTANDING FUZZY knowledge BASE natural language

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Automatic integration of digital system requirements using schemata 3rd

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3rd international conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS 95)

作者： Kamath, RY Cyre, WR Virginia Tech The Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering Blacksburg 24061-0111 VA United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540601619

natural language and diagrams of various types are commonly used for specifications on digital systems containing descriptions and requirements. The objective of the research reported here is to develop an algorithm for the automatic integration of requirements using schemata to aid in the automatic detection and joining of common references (coreferences) to objects in natural language and other specifications. This paper describes a rule-based algorithm for the integration of requirements which are expressed as conceptual graphs. The algorithm uses design knowledge in the form of schemas to detect coreferences and perform joins. The algorithm is demonstrated by a small example.

关键词： natural language processing digital system design schemata coreferences requirements integration

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