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acm sigplan '92 conference on programming language design and implementation, pldi 1992

作者： Hanxleden, Reinhard v. Kennedy, Ken Rice Univ Houston TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897914759

Many loop nests in scientific codes contain a parallelizable outer loop but have an inner loop for which the number of iterations varies between different iterations of the outer loop. When running this kind of loop nest on a SIMD machine, the SIMD-inherent restriction to single program counter common to all processors will cause a performance degradation relative to comparable MIMD implementations. This problem is not due to limited parallelism or bad load balance, it is merely a problem of control flow. This paper presents a loop transformation, which we call loop flattening, that overcomes this limitation by letting each processor advance to the next loop iteration containing useful computation, if there is such an iteration for the given processor. We study a concrete example derived from a molecular dynamics code and compare performance results for flattened and unflattened versions of this kernel on two SIMD machines, the CM-2 and the DECmpp 12000. We then evaluate loop flattening from the compiler's perspective in terms of applicability, cost, profitability, and safety. We conclude with arguing that loop flattening, whether performed by the programmer or by the compiler, introduces negligible overhead and can significantly improve the performance of scientific codes for solving irregular problems.

关键词： Computer programming

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Breakthrough ideas

Breakthrough ideas

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OOPSLA'05 - 20th Annual acm conference on Object-Oriented programming, Systems, languages, and Applications

作者： Coplien, James O. Foote, Brian Gabriel, Richard P. Thomas, Dave Lopes, Cristina Marick, Brian Nardi, Bonnie Tow, Rob Hunt, Andrew Vanderburg, Glenn Dafca United States University of Illinois United States Sun Labs United States Bedarra Australia Uc Irvine United States Testing Foundations United States The Pragmatic Programmers United States Countrywide Home Loans United States

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Escape analysis on lists

Escape analysis on lists

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acm sigplan '92 conference on programming language design and implementation, pldi 1992

作者： Park, Young Gil Goldberg, Benjamin New York Univ New York City NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)0897914759

Higher order functional programs constantly allocate objects dynamically. These objects are typically cons cells, closures, and records and are generally allocated in the heap and reclaimed later by some garbage collection process. This paper describes a compile time analysis, called escape analysis, for determining the lifetime of dynamically created objects in higher order functional programs, and describes optimizations that can be performed, based on the analysis, to improve storage allocation and reclamation of such objects. In particular, our analysis can be applied to programs manipulating lists, in which case optimizations can be performed to allow cons cells in spines of lists to be either reclaimed immediately or reused without incurring any garbage collection overhead. In a previous paper on escape analysis, we had left open the problem of performing escape analysis on lists. Escape analysis simply determines when the argument (or some part of the argument) to a function call is returned by that call. This simple piece of information turns out to be sufficiently powerful to allow stack allocation of objects, compile-time garbage collection, reduction of run-time storage reclamation overhead, and other optimizations that are possible when the lifetimes of objects can be computed statically. Our approach is to define a high-level non-standard semantics that, in many ways, is similar to the standard semantics and captures the escape behavior caused by the constructs in a functional language. The advantage of our analysis lies in its conceptual simplicity and portability (i.e. no assumption is made about an underlying abstract machine).

关键词： Computer programming

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Support for garbage collection at every instruction in a JavaTM compiler

Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Lan...

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Proceedings of the acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (pldi) 1999年 118-127页

作者： Stichnoth, James M. Lueh, Guei-Yuan Cierniak, Michal Intel Corp Santa Clara United States

A high-performance implementation of a Java Virtual Machine requires a compiler to translate Java bytecodes into native instructions, as well as an advanced garbage collector (e.g., copying or generational). When the Java heap is exhausted and the garbage collector executes, the compiler must report to the garbage collector all live object references contained in physical registers and stack locations. Typical compilers only allow certain instructions (e.g., call instructions and backward branches) to be GC-safe;if GC happens at some other instruction, the compiler may need to advance execution to the next GC-safe point. Until now, no one has ever attempted to make every compiler-generated instruction GC-safe, due to the perception that recording this information would require too much space. This kind of support could improve the GC performance in multithreaded applications. We show how to use simple compression techniques to reduce the size of the GC map to about 20% of the generated code size, a result that is competitive with the best previously published results. In addition, we extend the work of Agesen, Detlefs, and Moss, regarding the so-called `JSR Problem' (the single exception to Java's type safety property), in a way that eliminates the need for extra runtime overhead in the generated code.

关键词： Java programming language

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Introducing 1st acm sigplan TRUST Workshop on Reproducible Research Methodologies and New Publication Models in Computer Engineering

Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Lan...

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Proceedings of the acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (pldi) 2014年

作者： Fursin, Grigori Childers, Bruce Jones, Alex K. Mosse, Daniel INRIA France University of Pittsburgh United States

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Modeling and implementing software architecture with acme and ArchJava 05

Modeling and implementing software architecture with acme an...

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27th International conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2005)

作者： Abi-Antoun, M Aldrich, J Garlan, D Schmerl, B Nahas, N Tseng, T Carnegie Mellon Univ Inst Software Res Int Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA

We demonstrate a tool to incrementally synchronize an acme architectural model described in the acme Architectural Description language (ADL) with an implementation in ArchJava, an extension of the Java programming la... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781581139631

关键词： animation design requirements modelling validation

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Finding application errors and security flaws using PQL: A program query language

Finding application errors and security flaws using PQL: A p...

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OOPSLA'05 - 20th Annual acm conference on Object-Oriented programming, Systems, languages, and Applications

作者： Martin, Michael Livshits, Benjamin Lam, Monica S. Computer Science Department Stanford University

A number of effective error detection tools have been built in recent years to check if a program conforms to certain design rules, An important class of design rules deals with sequences of events associated with a set of related objects. This paper presents a language called PQL (Program Query language) that allows programmers to express such questions easily in an application-specific context. A query looks like a code excerpt corresponding to the shortest amount of code that would violate a design rule. Details of the target application's precise implementation are abstracted away. The programmer may also specify actions to perform when a match is found, such as recording relevant information or even correcting an erroneous execution on the fly. We have developed both static and dynamic techniques to find solutions to PQL queries, Our static analyzer finds all potential matches conservatively using a context-sensitive, flow-insensitive, inclusion-based pointer alias analysis, Static results are also useful in reducing the number of instrumentation points for dynamic analysis. Our dynamic analyzer instruments the source program to catch all violations precisely as the program runs and to optionally perform user-specified actions. We have implemented the techniques described in this paper and found 206 errors in 6 large real-world open-source Java applications containing a total of nearly 60,000 classes. These errors are important security flaws, resource leaks, and violations of consistency invariants. The combination of static and dynamic analysis proves effective at addressing a wide range of debugging and program comprehension queries. We have found that dynamic analysis is especially suitable for preventing errors such as security vulnerabilities at runtime. Copyright 2005 acm.

关键词： Error detection

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Runtime specialization with optimistic heap analysis 05

Runtime specialization with optimistic heap analysis

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OOPSLA'05 - 20th Annual acm conference on Object-Oriented programming, Systems, languages, and Applications

作者： Shankar, Ajeet Bodík, Rastislav Subramanya Sastry, S. Smith, James E. University of California Berkeley United States University of Wisconsin Madison United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595930310

We describe a highly practical program specializer for Java programs. The specializer is powerful, because it specializes optimistically, using (potentially transient) constants in the heap;it is precise, because it specializes using data structures that are only partially invariant;it is deployable, because it is hidden in a JIT compiler and does not require any user annotations or offline preprocessing;it is simple, because it uses existing JIT compiler ingredients;and it is fast, because it specializes programs in under Is. These properties are the result of (1) a new algorithm for selecting specializable code fragments, based on a notion of influence;(2) a precise store profile for identifying constant heap locations;and (3) an efficient invalidation mechanism for monitoring optimistic assumptions about heap constants. Our implementation of the specializer in the Jikes RVM has low overhead, selects specialization points that would be chosen manually, and produces speedups ranging from a factor of 1.2 to 6.4, comparable with annotation-guided specializers. Copyright 2005 acm.

关键词： Java programming language

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Load-reuse analysis: design and evaluation

Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Lan...

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Proceedings of the acm sigplan conference on programming language design and implementation (pldi) 1999年 64-76页

作者： Bodik, Rastislav Gupta, Rajiv Soffa, Mary Lou Univ of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh United States

Load-reuse analysis finds instructions that repeatedly access the same memory location. This location can be promoted to a register, eliminating redundant loads by reusing the results of prior memory accesses. This paper develops a load-reuse analysis and designs a method for evaluating its precision. In designing the analysis, we aspire for completeness - the goal of exposing all reuse that can be harvested by a subsequent program transformation. For register promotion, a suitable transformation is partial redundancy elimination (PRE). To approach the ideal goal of PRE-completeness, the load-reuse analysis is phrased as a data-flow problem on a program representation that is path-sensitive, as it detects reuse even when it originates in a different instruction along each control flow path. Furthermore, the analysis is comprehensive, as it treats scalar, array and pointer-based loads uniformly. In evaluating the analysis, we compare it with an ideal analysis. By observing the run-time stream of memory references, we collect all PRE-exploitable reuse and treat it as the ideal analysis performance. To compare the (static) load-reuse analysis with the (dynamic) ideal reuse, we use an estimator algorithm that computes, given a data-flow solution and a program profile, the dynamic amount of reuse detected by the analysis. We developed a family of estimators that differ in how well they bound the profiling error inherent in the edge profile. By bounding the error, the estimators offer a precise and practical method for determining the run-time optimization benefit. Our experiments show that about 55% of loads executed in Spec95 exhibit reuse. Of those, our analysis exposes about 80%.

关键词： Computer programming languages

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Classpects: Unifying aspect- and object-oriented language design

Classpects: Unifying aspect- and object-oriented language de...

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27th International conference on Software Engineering, ICSE05

作者： Rajan, Hridesh Sullivan, Kevin J. Department of Computer Science University of Virginia 151 Engineer's Way Charlottesville VA 22904-4740 United States

The contribution of this work is the design, implementation, and early evaluation of a programming language that unifies classes and aspects. We call our new module construct the classpect. We make three basic claims. First, we can realize a unified design without significantly compromising the expressiveness of current aspect languages. Second, such a design improves the conceptual integrity of the programming model. Third, it significantly improves the compositionality of aspect modules, expanding the program design space from the two-layered model of AspectJ-like languages to include hierarchical structures. To support these claims, we present the design and implementation of Eos-U, an AspectJ-like language based on C# that supports classpects as the basic unit of modularity. We show that Eos-U supports layered designs in which classpects separate integration concerns flexibly at multiple levels of composition. The underpinnings of our design include support for aspect instantiation under program control, instance-level advising, advising as a general alternative to object-oriented method invocation and overriding, and the provision of a separate join-point-method binding construct. Copyright 2005 acm.

关键词： design

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