Parametric three-dimensional modeling of buildings is assumed to offer numerous advantages over computer-aided drafting for structural engineers. Assessment of the extent and nature of the potential benefits is a diff...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
Parametric three-dimensional modeling of buildings is assumed to offer numerous advantages over computer-aided drafting for structural engineers. Assessment of the extent and nature of the potential benefits is a difficult task because 3D modeling has yet to be adopted in practice and full-scale experimentation is both impractical and imprecise due to the unique nature of buildings and their individual design processes, which prevent comparison between 'control' and 'experiment' cases. Review and analysis of potential productivity measurement methods indicates that an approach based on benchmarking existing practice at the level of distinct engineering activities for complete projects, coupled with carefully designed experiments, can provide measures of the ratio of productivity gain and identify local process impacts and changes. The procedure and the rationale behind it are explained, and interim results are presented.
In spite of the wide acceptance of Activity Cycle Diagrams (ACD) based simulation for research and teaching in the academic community, the use of simulation in construction has generally been random and sporadic. In c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
In spite of the wide acceptance of Activity Cycle Diagrams (ACD) based simulation for research and teaching in the academic community, the use of simulation in construction has generally been random and sporadic. In contrast, simulation methodologies based on the process-interaction (PI) modeling paradigm have made significant impact on the manufacturing sector by bringing about tremendous cost savings and marked productivity improvement. This paper reports on the current progress made in the exploration of the possibility of adapting the "manufacturing" simulation approach to a simplified, valid construction simulation technique that caters for construction needs. The paper compares the ACD and the PI modeling paradigms, identifies the major differences between construction and manufacturing in terms of modeling requirements, and introduces an adapted PI modeling paradigm for construction simulation. The construction example chosen for simulation is earthmoving with scrapers, a process characteristic of construction operations. Conclusions are given on the general applicability of the adapted PI methodology in construction.
NEES (the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake engineering Simulation) is a national, networked resource for next-generation experimental earthquake engineering research and education in the United States. The ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
NEES (the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake engineering Simulation) is a national, networked resource for next-generation experimental earthquake engineering research and education in the United States. The goal of NEES is to support open access to and use of NEES's facilities and data by the earthquake engineering community. The system infrastructure to support the NEES activities is the NEESgrid which is intended as a distributed virtual "collaboratory" cyber-infrastructure for earthquake experimentation and simulation. This paper describes an effort in developing reference data models for NEESgrid shake table experiments and large scale structural testing. Data models provide the "semantic" information describing the project and experimental data. Brief description of the data models and some of their features are presented in this paper. The proposed reference data models are shown to be flexible and extendible. Validation and usability of the reference data models have demonstrated that the data models are sufficiently comprehensive to save and organize the experimental data from typical earthquake engineering simulations.
The notion of code checking automation in building design has been associated with different meanings and perspectives throughout the last twenty years of research, although the subject has remained always a challenge...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
The notion of code checking automation in building design has been associated with different meanings and perspectives throughout the last twenty years of research, although the subject has remained always a challenge for AI experts mainly because of the very elaborate reasoning it demands. Basically, this activity puts together a certain kind of building description and a certain kind of code representation, seeking conclusions about the conformity of the former in relation to the latter. This paper discusses a new perspective on the subject, following the recent evolution in building modeling embodied by the IFC standard and presenting the certification of a building plan as a goal, as it results from the previously developed concept of a Normative Product Model.
Materials handling operations on construction job sites are error prone and these errors might negatively affect labor productivity. According to a study by the Construction Industry Institute (CII), a set of well org...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
Materials handling operations on construction job sites are error prone and these errors might negatively affect labor productivity. According to a study by the Construction Industry Institute (CII), a set of well organized practices for managing on-site materials would conservatively produce a 6% increase in labor craft productivity. This paper describes a Pilot Test that measured the impact of Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies within materials locating processes on large industrial projects. Those processes were broken down in several steps. A direct comparison of the time traditionally invested in some of those steps and the time required when using GPS clearly determined the time savings associated with the technology. This study also discusses the feasibility of the technology deployment. Finally, the paper analyzes other potential positive impacts derived from GPS.
The provision of real-time, context aware facility information to building operators, designers, and builders may dramatically decrease the cost-per-square foot to build and operate an enterprise's physical infras...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
The provision of real-time, context aware facility information to building operators, designers, and builders may dramatically decrease the cost-per-square foot to build and operate an enterprise's physical infrastructure. The Consolidated Facility Object Model (CFOM) extends Building Information Models (BIM's) by providing mission critical data on as-built conditions, facility carrying capacities, and facility production capabilities. Sensor technologies, such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), allow users to bring CFOM model data to the site on a need-to-know and want-to-know basis. This paper outlines the progress of research at the U.S. Army, engineering Research and Development Center (ERDC), Champaign, IL during the period Oct 2003 to Apr 2004. Plans for the resolution of technology gaps and opportunities for implementation are presented.
The explosive growth of databases related to bridge management activities may exceed the capability of our traditional decision-making process. As structures deteriorate, records of inspection, maintenance, repair and...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
The explosive growth of databases related to bridge management activities may exceed the capability of our traditional decision-making process. As structures deteriorate, records of inspection, maintenance, repair and rehabilitation accumulate. The fields of structural health monitoring and wireless sensor network are booming, and those technologies can collect data of all kinds. The need for the seamless flow and management of information as shared, reusable asset is emerging. This paper focuses on how to integrate varieties of qualitative and quantitative data related to bridge management, and elaborates the universal architecture for information processing. The architecture consists of Bridge Markup Language (BridgeML) achieving scalability and interoperability, knowledge management application discovering useful patterns and rules from huge quantities of data, and the prototype system has been developed.
In order to face up to the traffic congestion problem, many cable-stayed bridges are designed with a large ratio of width to span. This results in significant shear lag effect to cause nonuniform stress distribution a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
In order to face up to the traffic congestion problem, many cable-stayed bridges are designed with a large ratio of width to span. This results in significant shear lag effect to cause nonuniform stress distribution along the flanges of the beam. This paper presents a study on the shear lag effect and dynamic properties of the Xiaoxihu Yellow River Bridge. A three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge was developed and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was performed to obtain the theoretical results. To evaluate the theoretical results, a scaled model was made to conduct both static and dynamic testes in the laboratory. The experiment results are consistent with the results calculated by FEA. It is proved that FEA is an effective method to predict shear lag effect and dynamic properties of bridges of this type.
Flexible pavement design is currently evolving from a qualitative design procedure, based on road test data, to a "mechanistic-empirical" design procedure. To support the upcoming standard of design, a data ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
Flexible pavement design is currently evolving from a qualitative design procedure, based on road test data, to a "mechanistic-empirical" design procedure. To support the upcoming standard of design, a data acquisition plan has been developed for a full-scale field test to be performed on a heavily instrumented flexible pavement with 13 test sections. The data will be utilized during a finite element analysis to generate design charts for flexible pavements reinforced with geosynthetics. The data acquisition plan developed during this study is designed to minimize the collection of unnecessary data and post-processing effort by using independent trigger mechanisms in each test section. Prior to full-scale construction, a pilot-scale study was employed to determine and verify the critical program acquisition parameters and test the trigger mechanism. Additionally, the data acquisition hardware and software code generated for this application were evaluated. The objective of this paper is to describe the results of the pilot-scale study, outline the overall data acquisition methodology, and highlight the key programming challenges.
Efficient and effective project control is the objective of all construction managers. Determining when and how to take action to control construction work has been the subject of much research. This research has been...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0784407940
Efficient and effective project control is the objective of all construction managers. Determining when and how to take action to control construction work has been the subject of much research. This research has been converted into theories that have gained acceptance and are widely taught in management courses. Despite this, the effectiveness of the techniques is almost impossible to prove. It is also very difficult to convey to students how their decisions will affect the success of their project. This paper describes a simulation model which is developed in the form of a management game as an alternative way for teaching construction planning and control. The simulation mimics the construction of a rock and clay dam where students need to plan, monitor progress, and control all contingencies which impede the timely progress of the construction. The paper also describes the application of the model and its efficacy as a learning tool by providing before and after studies to demonstrate learning. Finally the paper draws conclusions on both its effectiveness for control and on its use for teaching and learning.
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