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A 2D Range Hausdorff Approach for 3D Face recognition

A 2D Range Hausdorff Approach for 3D Face Recognition

引用

ieee computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshops (cvprW)

作者： T.D. Russ M.W. Koch C.Q. Little Security Technology Center USA Sensor Exploitation Apps

This paper presents a 3D facial recognition algorithm based on the Hausdorff distance metric. The standard 3D formulation of the Hausdorff matching algorithm has been modified to operate on a 2D range image, enabling a reduction in computation from O(N2) to O(N) without large storage requirements. The Hausdorff distance is known for its robustness to data outliers and inconsistent data between two data sets, making it a suitable choice for dealing with the inherent problems in many 3D datasets due to sensor noise and object self-occlusion. For optimal performance, the algorithm assumes a good initial alignment between probe and template datasets. However, to minimize the error between two faces, the alignment can be iteratively refined. Results from the algorithm are presented using 3D face images from the Face recognition Grand Challenge database version 1.0.

关键词： Face recognition Laboratories National security Image storage Iterative algorithms Sensor phenomena and characterization Contracts Noise robustness Probes Image databases

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On modelling nonlinear shape-and-texture appearance manifolds

On modelling nonlinear shape-and-texture appearance manifold...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： C.M. Christoudias T. Darrell Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

Statistical shape-and-texture appearance models employ image metamorphosis to form a rich, compact representation of object appearance. They achieve their efficiency by decomposing appearance into simpler shape-and-texture representations. In general, the shape and texture of an object can vary nonlinearly and in this case the conventional shape-and-texture mappings using principle component analysis (PCA) may poorly approximate the true space. In this paper we propose two nonlinear techniques for modelling shape-and-texture appearance manifolds. Our first method uses a mixture of Gaussians in image space to separate the different parts of the shape and texture spaces. A linear shape-and-texture model is defined at each component to form the overall model. Our second approach employs a nearest-neighbor method to find a local set of shapes and images that can be morphed to explain a new input. We test each approach using a speaking-mouth video sequence and compare both approaches to a conventional active appearance model (AAM).

关键词： Shape Mouth Principal component analysis Active appearance model Image texture analysis Gaussian processes Testing Video sequences Biological system modeling Spatial databases

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computer vision on FPGAs: Design Methodology and its Application to Gesture recognition

Computer Vision on FPGAs: Design Methodology and its Applica...

引用

ieee computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshops (cvprW)

作者： Mainak Sen I. Corretjer F. Haim S. Saha S.S. Bhattacharyya J. Schlessman W. Wolf Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

In this paper we develop a design methodology for generating efficient, target specific Hardware Description Language (HDL) code from an algorithm through the use of coarse-grain reconfigurable dataflow graphs as a representation to guide the designer. We demonstrate this methodology through an algorithm for gesture recognition that has been developed previously in software [9]. Using the recently introduced modeling technique of homogeneous parameterized dataflow (HPDF) [3], which effectively captures the structure of an important class of computer vision applications, we systematically transform the gesture recognition application into a streamlined HDL implementation, which is based on Verilog and VHDL. To demonstrate the utility and efficiency of our approach we synthesize the HDL implementation on the Xilinx Virtex II FPGA. This paper describes our design methodology based on the HPDF representation, which offers useful properties in terms of verifying correctness and exposing performance- enhancing transformations; discusses various challenges that we addressed in efficiently linking the HPDFbased application representation to target-specific HDL code; and provides experimental results pertaining to the mapping of the gesture recognition application onto the Virtex II using our methodology.

关键词： computer vision Field programmable gate arrays Design methodology Application software Hardware design languages Streaming media Mathematical model Real time systems Computational modeling MATLAB

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Damped Newton algorithms for matrix factorization with missing data

Damped Newton algorithms for matrix factorization with missi...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： A.M. Buchanan A.W. Fitzgibbon Visual Geometry Group Department of Engineering Science Oxford University UK

The problem of low-rank matrix factorization in the presence of missing data has seen significant attention in recent computer vision research. The approach that dominates the literature is EM-like alternation of closed-form solutions for the two factors of the matrix. An obvious alternative is nonlinear optimization of both factors simultaneously, a strategy which has seen little published research. This paper provides a comprehensive comparison of the two strategies by evaluating previously published factorization algorithms as well as some second order methods not previously presented for this problem. We conclude that, although alternation approaches can be very quick, their propensity to glacial convergence in narrow valleys of the cost function means that average-case performance is worse than second-order strategies. Further, we demonstrate the importance of two main observations: one, that schemes based on closed-form solutions alone are not suitable and that non-linear optimization strategies are faster, more accurate and provide more flexible frameworks for continued progress; and two, that basic objective functions are not adequate and that regularization priors must be incorporated, a process that is easier with nonlinear methods.

关键词： Gaussian noise computer vision Closed-form solution Computational geometry Data engineering Cost function Optimization methods Lighting Tracking Automatic control

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Subspace analysis using random mixture models

Subspace analysis using random mixture models

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Xiaogang Wang Xiaoou Tang Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Information Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Sha Tin Hong Kong China Microsoft Research Asia Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)0769523722

In a work by Wang and Tang (2004), three popular subspace face recognition methods, PCA, Bayes, and LDA were analyzed under the same framework and an unified subspace analysis was proposed. However, since they are all based on a single Gaussian model, a global linear subspace often fails to deliver good performance on the data set with complex intrapersonal variation. They also have to face the problem caused by high dimensional face feature vector and the difficulty in finding optimal parameters for subspace analysis. In this paper, we develop a random mixture model to improve Bayes and LDA subspace analysis. By clustering the intrapersonal difference, the complex intrapersonal variation manifold is learned by a set of local linear intrapersonal subspaces. To boost the system performance, we construct multiple low dimensional subspaces by randomly sampling on the high dimensional feature vector and randomly selecting the parameters for subspace analysis. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by experiments on the AR face database containing 2340 face images.

关键词： Linear discriminant analysis Face recognition Sampling methods Principal component analysis Information analysis Vectors System performance Algorithm design and analysis Bayesian methods computer science

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A statistical field model for pedestrian detection

A statistical field model for pedestrian detection

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Ying Wu Ting Yu Gang Hua Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)0769523722

This paper presents a new statistical model for detecting and tracking deformable objects such as pedestrians, where large shape variations induced by local shape deformation can not be well captured by global methods such as PCA. The proposed model employs a Boltzmann distribution to capture the prior of local deformation, and embeds it into a Markov network which can be learned from data. A mean field variational analysis of this model provides computationally efficient algorithms for computing the likelihood of image observations and facilitate fast model training. Based on that, effective detection and tracking algorithms for deformable objects are proposed and applied to pedestrian detection and tracking. The proposed method has several advantages. Firstly, it captures local deformation well and thus is robust to occlusions and clutter. In addition, it is computationally tractable. Moreover, it divides deformation into local deformation and global deformation, then conquers them by combining bottom-up and top-down methodologies. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for deformable objects.

关键词： Deformable models Object detection Shape Principal component analysis Boltzmann distribution Markov random fields Image analysis Algorithm design and analysis Computational modeling Robustness

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Camera Based Automatic Calibration for the Varrier-System

Camera Based Automatic Calibration for the Varrier-System

引用

ieee computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshops (cvprW)

作者： Jinghua Ge D. Sandin T. Peterka T. Margolis T. DeFanti Electronic Visualization Laboratory University of Illinois Chicago USA

Varrier is a head-tracked, 35-panel tiled autostereoscopic display system which is produced by The Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Varrier produces autostereoscopic imagery through a combination of a physical parallax barrier and a virtual barrier, so that the stereoscopic images are directed correctly into the viewer’s eyes. Since a small amount of rotation and translation between physical and virtual barriers can cause large-scale effects, registration is critical for correct stereo viewing. The process is automated by examining image frames of two video cameras separated by the interocular distance as a simulation of human eyes. Three registration parameters for each panel are calibrated in the process. An arbitrary start condition is allowed and a robust stopping criterion is used to end the process and report results. Instead of exhaustive three dimensional searching, an efficient two phase calibration method is introduced. The combination of a heuristic rough calibration and an adaptive fine calibration guarantees a fast searching process with the best solution.

关键词： Cameras Calibration Eyes Visualization Laboratories Displays Humans Rendering (computer graphics) Stereo vision computer vision

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Imaging the cardiovascular pulse

Imaging the cardiovascular pulse

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Nanfei Sun M. Garbey A. Merla I. Pavlidis Department of Computer Sc. University of Houston Clear Lake Houston TX USA Department of Clinical Sc. University G. D''Annunzio Chieti Scalo Italy

We have developed a novel method to measure human cardiac pulse at a distance. It is based on the information contained in the thermal signal emitted from major superficial vessels. This signal is acquired through a highly sensitive thermal imaging system. Temperature on the vessel is modulated by pulsative blood flow. To compute the frequency of modulation (pulse), we extract a line-based region along the vessel. Then, we apply Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to individual points along this line of interest to capitalize on the pulse propagation effect. Finally, we use an adaptive estimation function on the average FFT outcome to quantify the pulse. We have tested the accuracy of our method on 5 subjects with highly successful results. The technology is expected to find applications among others in sustained physiological monitoring of cardiopulmonary diseases, sport training, sleep studies, and psychophysiology (polygraph).

关键词： Cardiology Pulse measurements Pulse modulation Anthropometry Humans Temperature sensors Blood flow Frequency modulation Data mining Fast Fourier transforms

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Real-time tracking using level sets

Real-time tracking using level sets

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Y. Shi W.C. Karl Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Boston University Boston MA USA

In this paper we propose a novel implementation of the level set method that achieves real-time level-set-based video tracking. In our fast algorithm, the evolution of the curve is realized by simple operations such as switching elements between two linked lists and there is no need to solve any partial differential equations. Furthermore, a novel procedure based on Gaussian filtering is introduced to incorporate boundary smoothness regularization. By replacing the standard curve length penalty with this new smoothing procedure, further speedups are obtained. Another advantage of our fast algorithm is that the topology of the curves can be controlled easily. For the tracking of multiple objects, we extend our fast algorithm to maintain the desired topology for multiple object boundaries based on ideas from discrete topology. With our fast algorithm, a real-time system has been implemented on a standard PC and only a small fraction of the CPU power is used for tracking. Results from standard test sequences and our realtime system are presented.

关键词： Level set Topology Narrowband Partial differential equations Filtering Smoothing methods Real time systems System testing Video surveillance Videoconference

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Generating Sequence of Eye Fixations Using Decision-theoretic Attention Model

Generating Sequence of Eye Fixations Using Decision-theoreti...

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ieee computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshops (cvprW)

作者： Erdan Gu Jingbin Wang N.I. Badler Computer and Information Science Department University of Pennsylvania PA USA Computer Science Department Boston University MA USA

Human eyes scan images with serial eye fixations. We proposed a novel attention selectivity model for the automatic generation of eye fixations on 2D static scenes. An activation map was first computed by extracting primary visual features and detecting meaningful objects from the scene. An adaptable retinal filter was applied on this map to generate "Regions of Interest" (ROIs), whose locations corresponded to those of activation peaks and whose sizes were estimated by an iterative adjustment algorithm. The focus of attention was moved serially over the detected ROIs by a decision-theoretic mechanism. The generated sequence of eye fixations was determined from the perceptual bene?t function based on perceptual costs and rewards, while the time distribution of different ROIs was estimated by a memory learning and decaying model. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attention model, the gaze tracking results of different human subjects and the simulated eye fixation shifting were compared.

关键词： Humans Layout Eyes Feature extraction computer vision Object detection Retina Filters Iterative algorithms Focusing

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