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An Embedded vision Services Framework for Heterogeneous Accelerators

An Embedded Vision Services Framework for Heterogeneous Acce...

引用

26th IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Gudis, Eduardo Lu, Pullan Berends, David Kaighn, Kevin van der Wal, Gooitzen Buchanan, Gregory Chai, Sek Piacentino, Michael SRI Int Princeton NJ 08543 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780769549903

This paper describes an architecture framework using heterogeneous hardware accelerators for embedded vision applications. This approach leverages the recent single-chip heterogeneous FPGAs that combine powerful multicore processors with extensive programmable gate array fabric on the same die. We present a framework using an extensive library of pipelined real time vision hardware accelerators and a service-based software architecture. This field-proven system design approach provides embedded vision developers with a powerful software abstraction layer for rapidly and efficiently integrating any of hardware accelerators for applications such as image stabilization, moving target indication, contrast normalization enhancement, and others. The framework allows the service-based software to take advantage of the hardware acceleration blocks available and perform the remainder of the processing in software. As performance requirements increase, more hardware acceleration can be added to the FPGA fabric, thus offloading the main processor.

关键词： computer vision field programmable gate arrays programmable circuits software architecture

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Towards efficient feature sharing in MIMO architectures

Towards efficient feature sharing in MIMO architectures

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Sun, Remy Rame, Alexandre Masson, Clement Thome, Nicolas Cord, Matthieu Sorbonne Univ MLIA ISIR Paris France Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers CEDRIC Vertigo Paris France Thales Land & Air Syst Elancourt France Valeo Ai Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Multi-input multi-output architectures propose to train multiple subnetworks within one base network and then average the subnetwork predictions to benefit from ensembling for free. Despite some relative success, these architectures are wasteful in their use of parameters. Indeed, we highlight in this paper that the learned subnetwork fail to share even generic features which limits their applicability on smaller mobile and AR/VR devices. We posit this behavior stems from an ill-posed part of the multi-input multi-output framework. To solve this issue, we propose a novel unmixing step in MIMO architectures that allows subnetworks to properly share features. Preliminary experiments on CIFAR 100 show our adjustments allow feature sharing and improve model performance for small architectures.

关键词： Performance evaluation computer vision Impedance matching conferences Neural networks computer architecture pattern recognition

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HMIway-env: A Framework for Simulating Behaviors and Preferences to Support Human-AI Teaming in Driving

HMIway-env: A Framework for Simulating Behaviors and Prefere...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Gopinath, Deepak DeCastro, Jonathan Rosman, Guy Sumner, Emily Morgan, Allison Hakimi, Shabnam Stent, Simon Toyota Res Inst Los Altos CA 94022 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

We introduce a lightweight simulation and modeling framework, HMIway-env, for studying human-machine teaming in the context of driving. The goal of the framework is to accelerate the development of adaptive AI systems which can respond to individual driver states, traits, and preferences, by serving as a data-generation engine and training environment for learning personalized human-AI teaming policies. We extend highway-env, an OpenAI Gym-based simulator environment, to enable specification of human driver behavior, and design of vehicle-driver interactions and outcomes. We describe one instance of our framework incorporating models for distracted and cautious driving, which we validate through crowd-sourced feedback, and show early experimental results toward the training of better intervention policies.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Fatigue Behavioral sciences pattern recognition Artificial intelligence Task analysis

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Multi-task Learning with Attention for End-to-end Autonomous Driving

Multi-task Learning with Attention for End-to-end Autonomous...

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ishihara, Keishi Kanervisto, Anssi Miura, Jun Hautamaki, Ville Toyohashi Univ Technol Toyohashi Aichi Japan Univ Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Autonomous driving systems need to handle complex scenarios such as lane following, avoiding collisions, taking turns, and responding to traffic signals. In recent years, approaches based on end-to-end behavioral cloning have demonstrated remarkable performance in point-to-point navigational scenarios, using a realistic simulator and standard benchmarks. Offline imitation learning is readily available, as it does not require expensive hand annotation or interaction with the target environment, but it is difficult to obtain a reliable system. In addition, existing methods have not specifically addressed the learning of reaction for traffic lights, which are a rare occurrence in the training datasets. Inspired by the previous work on multi-task learning and attention modeling, we propose a novel multi-task attention-aware network in the conditional imitation learning (CIL) framework. This does not only improve the success rate of standard benchmarks, but also the ability to react to traffic lights, which we show with standard benchmarks.

关键词： Training Visualization Benchmark testing pattern recognition Automobiles Reliability Task analysis

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Pose Tutor: An Explainable System for Pose Correction in the Wild

Pose Tutor: An Explainable System for Pose Correction in the...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Dittakavi, Bhat Bavikadi, Divyagna Desai, Sai Vikas Chakraborty, Soumi Reddy, Nishant Balasubramanian, Vineeth N. Callepalli, Bharathi Sharma, Ayon IIT Hyderabad Hyderabad Telangana India Variance AI Hyderabad India

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Under the new norm of working from home, demand for fitness from home is on the rise. Different exercise forms solve different fitness needs for different people. Yoga gives flexibility and relieves stress. Pilates strengthens the muscles. Kung Fu brings balance. It is not feasible for everyone to hire a personal trainer. In this paper, we develop Pose Tutor, an AI-based explainable pose recognition and correction system. Pose Tutor combines vision and pose skeleton models in a novel coarse-to-fine framework to obtain pose class predictions. An angle-likelihood mechanism is used to explain which human joints maximally caused the pose class predictions and also correct any wrongly formed joints. Even without keypoint level training, Pose Tutor shows promising results on Yoga-82, Pilates-32, and Kungfu-7 datasets. Additionally, user studies conducted with multiple domain experts validate the explanations provided by our framework.

关键词： Training computer vision conferences Predictive models Muscles Skeleton pattern recognition

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Simulated Quantization, Real Power Savings

Simulated Quantization, Real Power Savings

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： van Baalen, Mart Kahne, Brian Mahurin, Eric Kuzmin, Andrey Skliar, Andrii Nagel, Markus Blankevoort, Tijmen Qualcomm AI Res San Diego CA 92121 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Reduced precision hardware-based matrix multiplication accelerators are commonly employed to reduce power consumption of neural network inference. Multiplier designs used in such accelerators possess an interesting property: When the same bit is 0 for two consecutive compute cycles, the multiplier consumes less power. In this paper we show that this effect can be used to reduce power consumption of neural networks by simulating low bit-width quantization on higher bit-width hardware. We show that simulating 4 bit quantization on 8 bit hardware can yield up to 17% relative reduction in power consumption on commonly used networks. Furthermore, we show that in this context, bit operations (BOPs) are a good proxy for power efficiency, and that learning mixed-precision configurations that target lower BOPs can achieve better trade-offs between accuracy and power efficiency.

关键词： computer vision Power demand Quantization (signal) conferences Neural networks Hardware pattern recognition

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The Topology and Language of Relationships in the Visual Genome Dataset

The Topology and Language of Relationships in the Visual Gen...

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Abou Chacra, David Zelek, John Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

The Visual Genome Dataset is the de facto standard dataset used in Scene Graph generation. It contains a large collection of images with corresponding object and relationship labels. We explore the lingual aspect of the relationship predicates and find that very few symmetric/inverse relationships are represented in the dataset(for example, 'above' and 'under'). We believe this is linked to human spatial cognition, and posit that labelling bias stemming from human representations of relationships creates asymmetric relationship labels that span the whole dataset. We also perform a 2D topological analysis of the bounding boxes linked by different relationship predicates. This analysis sheds light on certain classes and their ambiguity wherein more frequent classes are semantically overloaded and therefore quite confusing. Finally we show that when reduced to more lingually and topologically well defined spatial relationships scene graph generation algorithm performance improves tremendously, but scene graph generators are still far from perfect.

关键词： Visualization conferences Genomics Generators Topology pattern recognition Labeling

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Benchmarking Zero-Shot recognition with vision-Language Models: Challenges on Granularity and Specificity

Benchmarking Zero-Shot Recognition with Vision-Language Mode...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xu, Zhenlin Zhu, Yi Deng, Siqi Mittal, Abhay Chen, Yanbei Wang, Manchen Favaro, Paolo Tighe, Joseph Modolo, Davide AWS AI Labs Seattle WA 98109 USA Boson AI Santa Clara CA 95054 USA Meta Menlo Pk CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

This paper presents novel benchmarks for evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in zero-shot recognition, focusing on granularity and specificity. Although VLMs excel in tasks like image captioning, they face challenges in open-world settings. Our benchmarks test VLMs' consistency in understanding concepts across semantic granularity levels and their response to varying text specificity. Findings show that VLMs favor moderately fine-grained concepts and struggle with specificity, often misjudging texts that differ from their training data. Extensive evaluations reveal limitations in current VLMs, particularly in distinguishing between correct and subtly incorrect descriptions. While fine-tuning offers some improvements, it doesn't fully address these issues, highlighting the need for VLMs with enhanced generalization capabilities for real-world applications. This study provides insights into VLM limitations and suggests directions for developing more robust models.

关键词： Benchmarking Foundational Models vision and language models Zero-shot recognition

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Disentangled Loss for Low-Bit Quantization-Aware Training

Disentangled Loss for Low-Bit Quantization-Aware Training

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Allenet, Thibault Briand, David Bichler, Olivier Sentieys, Olivier CEA LIST Saclay France Univ Rennes INRIA Rennes France

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) has recently showed a lot of potential for low-bit settings in the context of image classification. Approaches based on QAT are using the Cross Entropy Loss function which is the reference loss function in this domain. We investigate quantization-aware training with disentangled loss functions. We qualify a loss to disentangle as it encourages the network output space to be easily discriminated with linear functions. We introduce a new method, Disentangled Loss Quantization Aware Training, as our tool to empirically demonstrate that the quantization procedure benefits from those loss functions. Results show that the proposed method substantially reduces the loss in top-1 accuracy for low-bit quantization on CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and ImageNet. Our best result brings the top-1 Accuracy of a Resnet-18 from 63.1% to 64.0% with binary weights and 2-bit activations when trained on ImageNet.

关键词： Training Visualization computer vision Quantization (signal) conferences Entropy pattern recognition

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Super-Resolution based Video Coding Scheme

Super-Resolution based Video Coding Scheme

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Cho, Hyun Min Choi, Kiho Gacheon Univ Sch Comp 1342 Seongnamdaero Seongnam Si Gyeonggi Do South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

In this paper, we present a super-resolution-based video coding scheme that compresses video data by combining traditional hybrid video coding and Convolutional neural network-based video coding. During video encoding, downsampling reduces the resolution of an original video in both horizontal and vertical directions to reduce original video data, and Convolutional neural networkbased super-resolution is employed after the decoding process to recover the resolution of the reconstructed video during upsampling. For core encoding and decoding processes, the latest video coding standard (i.e., VVC/H.266) is conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed method can provide efficient coding performance while maintaining good visual quality.

关键词： Video coding Visualization Image coding Superresolution Encoding Decoding pattern recognition

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